Estimation of cancer cell migration in biomimetic random/oriented collagen fiber microenvironments

Increasing data indicate that cancer cell migration is regulated by extracellular matrixes and their surrounding biochemical microenvironment,playing a crucial role in pathological processes such as tumor invasion and metastasis.However,conventional two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have limitations in studying the influence of tumor microenvironment on cancer cell migration.Fortunately,the further development of microfluidic technology has provided solutions for the study of such questions.We utilize microfluidic chip to build a random collagen fiber microenvironment(RFM)model and an oriented collagen fiber microenvironment(OFM)model that resemble early stage and late stage breast cancer microenvironments,respectively.By combining cell culture,biochemical concentration gradient construction,and microscopic imaging techniques,we investigate the impact of different collagen fiber biochemical microenvironments on the migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231-RFP cells.The results show that MDA-MB-231-RFP cells migrate further in the OFM model compared to the RFM model,with significant differences observed.Furthermore,we establish concentration gradients of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in both the RFM and OFM models and find that paclitaxel significantly inhibits the migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cells in the RFM model,with stronger inhibition on the high concentration side compared to the low concentration side.However,the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on the migration of MDA-MB-231-RFP cells in the OFM model is weak.These findings suggest that the oriented collagen fiber microenvironment resembling the late-stage tumor microenvironment is more favorable for cancer cell migration and that the effectiveness of anticancer drugs is diminished.The RFM and OFM models constructed in this study not only provide a platform for studying the mechanism of cancer development,but also serve as a tool for the initial measurement of drug screening.

Anti-abrasion collagen fiber-based membrane functionalized by UiO-66-NH_(2)with ultra-high efficiency and stability for oil-in-water emulsions separation

Membrane separation strategies offer promising platform for the emulsion separation.However,the low mechanical strength of membrane separation layers and the trade-off between separation flux and efficiency present significant challenges.In this study,we report a CFM@UiO-66-NH_(2)membrane with high separation flux,efficiency and stability,through utilizing a robust anti-abrasion collagen fiber membrane(CFM)as the multifunctional support and UiO-66-NH_(2)by an in-situ growth as the separation layer.The high mechanical strength of the CFM compensated for the weakness of the separation layer,while the charge-breaking effect of UiO-66-NH_(2),along with the size sieving of its constituent separating layers and the capillary effect of the collagen fibers,contributed to the potential for efficient separation.Additionally,the CFM@UiO-66-NH_(2)membrane exhibited superhydrophilic properties,making it suitable for separating oil-in-water microemulsions and nanoemulsions stabilized by anionic surfactants.The membrane demonstrated remarkable separation efficiencies of up to 99.960%and a separation flux of370.05 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Moreover,it exhibits stability,durability,and abrasion resistance,maintaining excellent separation performance even when exposed to strong acids and alkalis without any damage to its structure and performance.After six cycles of reuse,it achieved a separation flux of 417.97 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)and a separation efficiency of 99.747%.Furthermore,after undergoing 500 cycles of strong abrasion,the separation flux remained at 124.39 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1),with a separation efficiency of 99.992%.These properties make it suitable for the long-term use in harsh operating environments.We attribute these properties to the electrostatic effect resulting from the amino group on UiO-66-NH_(2)and its in-situ growth on the CFM,which forms a size-screening separation layer.Our work highlights the potential of the CFM@UiO-66-NH_(2)membrane as an environmentally friendly size-screening material for the efficient emulsion wastewater separation.

Novel electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits for repair of peripheral nerve injury

Recent studies have shown the potential of artificially synthesized conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Natural biopolymers have received much attention because of their biocompatibility. To investigate the effects of novel electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits(biopolymer nanofiber conduits) on the repair of peripheral nerve injury, we bridged 10-mm-long sciatic nerve defects with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone conduits in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rat neurologica1 function was weekly evaluated using sciatic function index within8 weeks after repair. Eight weeks after repair, sciatic nerve myelin sheaths and axon morphology were observed by osmium tetroxide staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopy.S-100(Schwann cell marker) and CD4(inflammatory marker) immunoreactivities in sciatic nerve were detected by immunohistochemistry. In rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits, no serious inflammatory reactions were observed in rat hind limbs, the morphology of myelin sheaths in the injured sciatic nerve was close to normal. CD4 immunoreactivity was obviously weaker in rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits than in those subjected to repair with poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone. Rats subjected to repair with electrospun absorbable biopolymer nanofiber conduits tended to have greater sciatic nerve function recovery than those receiving poly(ε-caprolactone) or silicone repair. These results suggest that electrospun absorbable poly(ε-caprolactone)/type Ⅰ collagen nanofiber conduits have the potential of repairing sciatic nerve defects and exhibit good biocompatibility. All experimental procedures were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, China(La-1031218) on October 2, 2014.

绝经后盆底组织TGF-β_1和CollagenⅠ、Ⅲ表达与SUI的关系

目的:探讨绝经后压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者盆底支持结构转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ(CollagenⅠ、Ⅲ)与SUI的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法,测定30例压力性尿失禁患者(SUI组)、28例盆底器官膨出(POP)患者(POP组)阴道前壁组织中TGF-β1及Collagen阳性率,并选择同期30例非卵巢功能性肿瘤和宫颈病变患者作为对照(对照组)。结果:SUI组、POP组及对照组患者阴道前壁组织中,TGF-β1表达阳性率分别为20.00%、14.30%、93.33%,SUI组与对照组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);SUI组与POP组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。3组患者阴道前壁组织中胶原Ⅰ含量的表达以辉度值为标准,在SUI组、POP组及对照组分别为98.62、98.15和100.03。SUI组与对照组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);POP组与对照组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);SUI组与POP组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。3组患者阴道前壁组织中胶原Ⅲ含量的表达以辉度值为标准,在SUI组、POP组及对照组分别为98.46、98.23和100.12。SUI组与对照组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);POP组与对照组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);SUI组与POP组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:绝经后SUI患者盆底支持结构的退行性病变与组织中的转化生长因子β1减少及胶原蛋白含量水平低下有关。

氧化苦参碱对皮肤创面愈合中PCNA、α-SMA及Type Ⅰ collagen的影响

目的探讨氧化苦参碱对小鼠皮肤创面愈合中血清增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Type Ⅰ collagen)的影响。方法昆明小鼠背部手术制备1.5 cm×1.5 cm全层皮肤缺损创面模型。自第1 d始,除对照组给予等量生理盐水外,余各组分别按20、40、80 mg/kg给予氧化苦参碱。Van Gieson纤维胶原染色法观察小鼠背部皮肤创面组织胶原纤维的表达;免疫组学法评价创面组织中PCNA、α-SMA及Type Ⅰ collagen的表达。结果Van Gieson纤维胶原染色显示,氧化苦参碱可促进新生肉芽组织、毛细血管及新生纤维胶原生长。免疫组学研究显示,在第7 d时,氧化苦参碱20、40、80 mg/kg使小鼠皮肤创面组织中PCNA表达明显升高(P<0.05);在第9 d、11 d时,氧化苦参碱20 mg/kg使小鼠皮肤创面组织中α-SMA显著增加;氧化苦参碱20 mg/kg在第3 d、11 d,氧化苦参碱40 mg/kg在第3 d,氧化苦参碱80 mg/kg在第3 d、7 d引起Type Ⅰ collagen的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论氧化苦参碱能增加皮肤创面愈合中PCNA、α-SMA及Type Ⅰ collagen的表达。

瘦素对成骨细胞增殖及CollagenⅠ和Cbfa1 mRNA表达的影响

目的研究瘦素在体外对原代培养乳鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞增殖及对CollagenⅠ(Ⅰ型胶原蛋白)和Cbfa1 mRNA表达的影响。方法培养乳鼠成骨细胞,以乳鼠成骨细胞为体外实验模型,采用MTT法检测不同浓度瘦素(0、40、80和160ng/ml)作用于成骨细胞后的增殖情况;通过RT-PCR方法检测不同浓度瘦素对CollagenⅠ和Cbfa1 mRNA的表达的影响。结果瘦素作用于成骨细胞后,可促进其增值,OD值显著增加(P<0.01);瘦素增加CollagenⅠ和Cbfa1 mRNA的表达,呈剂量效应关系。结论瘦素促进成骨细胞增殖,同时通过调节CollagenⅠ和Cbfa1的表达,促进成骨细胞分化,进而促进骨形成。

白细胞介素1β与机械牵拉共同作用角膜成纤维细胞CollagenⅠ及Lumican的表达

背景:继发性圆锥角膜是角膜屈光手术后的并发症之一,但其发生机制尚不清楚。目的:探讨白细胞介素1β与机械牵拉对角膜成纤维细胞CollagenⅠ和Lumican表达的影响。方法:体外培养角膜成纤维细胞,对其施加不同幅度(5%,10%,15%)的机械牵拉和不同质量浓度的白细胞介素1β,共同作用12,24,36 h,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测CollagenⅠ和Lumican m RNA的表达变化。结果与结论:(1)白细胞介素1β单独作用12 h使CollagenⅠα1的表达降低(P<0.05),作用24 h使Lumican的表达升高(P<0.05);(2)5%牵拉单独作用24,36 h使CollagenⅠα1表达升高(P<0.05);10%和15%牵拉单独作用12,24,36 h使CollagenⅠα1和CollagenⅠα2的表达降低(P<0.05);(3)5%牵拉单独作用12 h使Lumican表达升高(P<0.05),而10%和15%牵拉单独作用12 h使Lumican表达降低(P<0.05);5%,10%,15%牵拉24 h和36 h时使Lumican表达升高(P<0.05);(4)白细胞介素1β和机械牵拉共同作用24,36 h使CollagenⅠα1和CollagenⅠα2表达降低,Lumican表达升高;(5)结果提示,白细胞介素1β能抑制CollagenⅠ的合成,而促进Lumican的表达。低幅度机械牵拉能促进角膜成纤维细胞胶原的合成,中高幅度机械牵拉抑制其胶原的合成。两者共同作用能抑制角膜成纤维细胞胶原合成且促进Lumican的表达。

TGF-β/Smad信号转导通路对紫外线致人工皮肤光损伤中MMP-1、pro-collagen Ⅰ mRNA表达影响的初步研究

目的探讨人工皮肤光损伤中TGF-β/Smad信号转导通路与基质金属蛋白酶1及Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白的相互作用。方法以紫外线照射人工皮肤后,通过Real-Time RT-PCR法(荧光染料掺入法)检测其中基质金属蛋白酶1、Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白、TGFβRⅠ及TGFβRⅡmRNA的表达量。结果紫外线使人工皮肤中基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)的mRNA表达量明显增加,而Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白mRNA的表达下调(P<0.05),TGFβRⅡmRNA表达显著下调(P<0.01);加入TGF-β1后MMP-1表达显著下调(P<0.01),Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白及TGFβRⅡmRNA表达显著增高(P<0.01);而UV照射后8小时加入TGF-β1,MMP-1表达量较对照组高(P<0.05),Ⅰ型前胶原蛋白及TGFβRⅡmRNA表达量均较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论 UV可以抑制人工皮肤中Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA的表达、上调MMP-1的表达,而这种调控作用可能与TGF-βRⅡ的表达受抑制,TGF-β/Smad信号传导通路被削弱有关。

IGF-Ⅰ对体外培养的胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ合成的作用及其细胞内信号转导机制

目的探讨IGF-Ⅰ对体外培养的胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ合成的作用及其细胞内的信号转导机制。方法体外培养胎鼠肺成纤维细胞,给予不同剂量的rhIGF-Ⅰ,作用不同的时间,研究rhIGF-Ⅰ对胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ合成的量效和时效作用,并通过用MEK1途径的特异性阻断剂PD98059或PI3K途径的特异性阻断剂LY294002预处理胎鼠肺成纤维细胞,研究rhIGF-Ⅰ刺激胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ合成的细胞内信号转导机制。结果 rhIGF-Ⅰ在10～200 ng/mL剂量作用下能剂量依赖性地刺激胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ mRNA的合成;rhIGF-Ⅰ在200 ng/mL时分别作用于胎鼠肺成纤维细胞0.5～24 h能时间依赖性地刺激collagenⅠ mRNA的合成;LY294002能部分抑制rhIGF-Ⅰ的促胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ mRNA合成的作用,PD98059对rhIGF-I促胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ mRNA合成的作用无影响。结论 IGF-Ⅰ是影响胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ合成的生长因子之一,rhIGF-Ⅰ促胎鼠肺成纤维细胞collagenⅠ合成的作用是通过PI3K-Akt途径实现的。

葡甘露聚糖凝胶对宫颈炎大鼠CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ表达的影响

目的:探讨葡甘露聚糖凝胶对宫颈炎大鼠宫颈组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅠ)、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅢ)的调节作用。方法:采用苯酚胶浆进行阴道内注射建立宫颈炎模型,造模结束后进行局部给药治疗,将18只雌性SD大鼠造模后分为模型组、葡甘露聚糖凝胶高、中、低剂量组(1.2 g·kg-1、0.6 g·kg-1、0.3 g·kg-1)、复方甲硝唑阴道栓组(0.4 g·kg-1)、凝胶基质组各3只,另外3只作为空白组。阴道内灌注给药7天后,RT-PCR和Western blot法检测大鼠宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢmRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:RT-PCR法结果显示与空白组比较,模型组大鼠宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢmRNA的表达均明显降低(P﹤0.01);与模型组比较,葡甘露聚糖凝胶给药组大鼠宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ的表达有不同程度的提高(P﹤0.01或P﹤0.05)。Western blotting法检测宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ蛋白的表达:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ蛋白的表达均有所降低(P﹤0.01);与模型组比较,葡甘露聚糖凝胶给药组大鼠宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ蛋白的表达有不同程度的提高(P﹤0.01或P﹤0.05)。结论:葡甘露聚糖凝胶对宫颈炎大鼠宫颈组织中CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ表达具有促进作用,从而促进宫颈黏膜的组织修复。

Effects of gentiana scabra bage on expression of hepatic type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis

Objective:To exploit- the effects of gentiana scabra bage on the expression of hepatic collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis.Methods:Immunohistochemical technique was used to observe the changes of content of hepatic type Ⅰ,Ⅲ collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with Liver fibrosis before and after the gentiana scabra bage treatmeat.Results:Comparing with the model group,changes of hepatic tvpe Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen proteins in gentiana scabra bage treated group were significantly weakened.Conclusions:Gentiana scabra bage treatment can reduce the content of hepatic type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ collagen protein significantly in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis,thereby,playing the role against hepatic fibrosis.

Adsorptive Recovery of Uranium from Nuclear Fuel Industrial Wastewater by Titanium Loaded Collagen Fiber

Effective recovery of UO2+2 from wastewater is essential for nuclear fuel industry and related industries.In this study,a novel adsorbent was prepared by loading titanium(Ti4+) onto collagen fiber(TICF),and its physical and chemical properties as well as adsorption to UO2+2 in nuclear fuel industrial wastewater were investigated.It is found that TICF can effectively recover UO2+2 from the wastewater with excellent adsorption capacity.The adsorption capacity is 0.62 mmol·g-1 at 303 K and pH 5.0 when the initial concentration of UO2+2 is 1.50 mmol·L-1.The adsorption isotherms can be described by the Langmuir equation and the adsorption capacity increases with temperature.The effect of co-existed F on the adsorption capacity for UO2+2 is significant,which can be eliminated by adding aluminum ions as complexing agent,while the other co-existed ions in the solutions,including HCO-3,Cl-,NO-3,Ca2+,Mg2+ and Cu2+,have little effect on the adsorption capacity for UO2+2.The saturated TICF after UO2+2 adsorption can be regenerated by using 0.2 mol·L-1 nitrate(HNO-3) as desorption agent,and the TICF can be reused at least three times.Thus the TICF is a new and effective adsorbent for the recovery of UO2+2 from the wastewater.

温经汤加味对EM肾虚血瘀证大鼠局部微环境MMP-9、TNF-α、Collagen Ⅰ、Collagen Ⅲ的影响及其意义

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症(Endometosis,EM)肾虚血瘀证大鼠异位病灶局部MMP-9,TNF-α,CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ表达水平,以及温经汤加味对其干预作用及机制。方法SPF级雌性未孕健康SD大鼠设为空白组;构建肾虚血瘀证大鼠模型,造模成功后,设为假手术组(仅开腹);其余大鼠以自体内膜移植法构建EM肾虚血瘀证模型,造模成功后的大鼠分为模型组(不用药物干预)、阳性药(达那唑)组、温经汤加味组(低、中、高3种剂量)。阳性药对照组给予达那唑63 mg·kg^(-1)连续4周灌胃,中药低、中、高剂量组分别以5 g·kg^(-1)、10 g·kg^(-1)、20 g·kg^(-1)连续4周灌胃。取各组大鼠子宫内膜组织观察组织病理变化;免疫组化法(IHC)检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织MMP-9,TNF-α的蛋白表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)、实时荧光聚合酶链式反应法(RT-PCR)检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织MMP-9、TNF-α、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ基因表达。结果与空白组、假手术组比较,EM肾虚血瘀证模型组大鼠在位、异位内膜组织中MMP-9、TNF-α、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ蛋白及其基因表达在模型组子宫内膜组织升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,阳性药对照组、温经汤加味治疗组大鼠MMP-9、TNF-α、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ蛋白及其基因表达水平均降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论局部微环境免疫抑制微血管新生导致异位内膜侵袭是EM发生、发展过程中的重要病理表现,MMP-9、TNF-α、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ过度表达可能促进了这一过程的发生、发展;温经汤加味通过"逆转"MMP-9、TNF-α、CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ等细胞因子异常升高,起到了解除局部微环境免疫抑制、阻断微血管新生的作用,在治疗EM肾虚血瘀证过程中表现出确切的疗效。

Effects of Icariin on Expression of OPN mRNA and Type ⅠCollagen in Rat Osteoblasts in Vitro

To study the effects of Icariin on expression of osteopontin （OPN） mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro and to explore its possible mechanisms in preventing osteoporosis. OB was isolated from calvaria of new-born new-born fetal Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats by means of modified sequential collagenase digestion and incubated in MEM medium and the cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, OB was identified by alkaline phosphatase （ALP） staining. Different concentration （0.1μg/mL, 1.0 μg/mL, 10 μ/mL） of Icariin was added to the OB and incubated. The effect of Icariin on the proliferation and osteogenesis of OB was monitored by MTT analysis. The expression of type l collagen was estimated with immunohistochemistry techniques. The expression levels of mRNA of OPN in the cells in every group were examined by reverse-transcriptase ploymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen was strengthened gradually with the increase of Icariin concentration and peaked with 10 μg/mL Icariin on the 5th day. Icariin could significantly promote the expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro. The levels of expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen were changed with different concentration of Icariin. Icariin could effectively prevent and treat osteoporosis and promote the bone formation.

硅橡胶硬度通过自噬调控成纤维细胞增殖及α- SMA、CollagenⅠ的表达

目的探讨不同硬度硅橡胶对人真皮成纤维细胞增殖及其表达α-SMA和CollagenⅠ的影响,并研究自噬在其中所起的作用。方法将A、B组分液体硅胶按不同比例混合固化制成一系列不同硬度的硅橡胶片,测定其邵氏硬度、断裂伸长率、水接触角、表面形貌等机械性能。利用CCK-8检测成纤维细胞在不同硬度硅橡胶表面的增殖情况,而后选取细胞增殖存在显著差异的两种硬度硅橡胶进一步实验,采用Western blot和ELISA法分别检测正常条件下、施加自噬抑制剂3-MA和诱导剂西罗莫司后成纤维细胞自噬标志蛋白和α-SMA、CollagenⅠ的表达情况。结果成纤维细胞增殖能力随硅橡胶硬度的增加而增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高硬度硅橡胶上的成纤维细胞具有更高的自噬活性,且α-SMA、Collagen I的表达量比低硬度硅橡胶更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论硅橡胶硬度可通过自噬调控成纤维细胞的增殖,高硬度硅橡胶上调成纤维细胞自噬活性从而促进成纤维细胞增殖并抑制其表达α-SMA和CollagenⅠ。

Dietary protein levels changed the hardness of muscle by acting on muscle fiber growth and the metabolism of collagen in sub-adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Background:Nutrient regulation has been proven to be an effective way to improve the flesh quality in fish.As a necessary nutrient for fish growth,protein accounts for the highest proportion in the fish diet and is expensive.Although our team found that the effect of protein on the muscle hardness of grass carp was probably related to an increased collagen content,the mechanism for this effect has not been deeply explored.Moreover,few studies have explored the protein requirements of sub-adult grass crap(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Therefore,the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth performance,nutritional value,muscle hardness,muscle fiber growth,collagen metabolism and related molecule expression in grass carp were investigated.Methods:A total of 450 healthy grass carp(721.16±1.98 g)were selected and assigned randomly to six experimen-tal groups with three replicates each(n=25/replicate),and were fed six diets with 15.91%,19.39%,22.10%,25.59%,28.53%and 31.42%protein for 60 d.Results:Appropriate levels of dietary protein increased the feed intake,percentage weight gain,specific growth rate,body composition,unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle,partial free amino acid content in muscle,and muscle hardness of grass carp.These protein levels also increased the muscle fiber density,the frequency of new muscle fibers,the contents of collagen and IGF-1,and the enzyme activities of prolyl 4-hydroxylases and lysyloxidase,and decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2.At the molecular level,the optimal dietary protein increased col-lagen type Iα1(Colα1),Colα2,PI3K,Akt,S6K1,La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6a(LARP6a),TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad4,Smad3,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2,MyoD,Myf5,MyoG and MyHC relative mRNA levels.The levels of the myostatin-1 and myostatin-2 genes were downregulated,and the protein expression levels of p-Smad2,Smad2,Smad4,p-Akt,Akt,LARP6 and Smad3 were increased.Conclusions:The appropriate levels of dietary protein promoted the growth of sub-adult grass carp and improved muscle hardness by promoting the growth of muscle fibers,improving collagen synthesis and depressing collagen degradation.In addition,the dietary protein requirements of sub-adult grass carp were 26.21%and 24.85%according to the quadratic regression analysis of growth performance(SGR)and the muscle hardness(collagen content),respectively.

A method of removing retardance induced by scattering of collagenous fiber bundles

In this work,we report a method of removing scattering induced retardance in polarization sensitive fnll field optical coherence tomography(PS-FFOCT).First,the Mueller matrix that describes its operation is derived.The thickness invariant retardance induced by the scattering of collagenous fiber bundles is then used to find the accurate values of the birefringence of the layers that consist collagenous fibers.Finally,the initial en face birefringent images of in vitro beef tendon samples are presented to demonstrate the capability of our method.

Expression and role of specificity protein 1 and collagenⅠin recurrent pterygial tissues

AIM:To investigate the expression profiles of the transcription factor specificity protein 1(Sp1)and collagenⅠin recurrent pterygial tissues.What is more,to compare the changes of Sp1 and collagen I among primary pterygial tissue,recurrent pterygial tissue and conjunctival tissue.METHODS:In the prospective study,we collected the pterygial tissues of 40 patients who underwent resection of primary pterygial tissue and recurrent pterygial tissue,and the conjunctival tissues of 10 patients with enucleation due to trauma.The relative expression levels of Sp1 and collagen I were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Paired t-test was performed to compare the Sp1 and collagen I of recurrent pterygial tissues,as well as the primary pterygial tissues and conjunctival tissues.In further,Pearson’s hypothesis testing of correlation coefficients was used to compare the correlations of Sp1 and Collagen I.RESULTS:The content of Sp1 and collagen I m RNA and protein was significantly greater in recurrent pterygial tissue than that was in primary and conjunctival tissue(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between the m RNA and protein levels of Sp1 and collagen I in recurrent pterygial tissues(protein:r=0.913,P<0.05;m RNA:r=0.945,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Sp1 and collagen I are expressed in normal conjunctival,primary,and recurrent pterygial tissues,but expression is significantly greater in the latter.Sp1 and collagen I may be involved in the regulation of the development of recurrent pterygium.

CaMKⅡ抑制剂抑制AngⅡ或电场刺激诱导的心肌成纤维细胞TNF-α、TGF-β_1及collagenⅠ、Ⅲ的表达

目的:观察钙-钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶(CaMK)Ⅱ在血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)或电场刺激(EFS)诱导的大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖、分泌细胞因子及胶原酶表达中的作用及其机制。方法:培养新生1-3 d乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞(3代),分为正常对照组(control)、0.1μmol/L AngⅡ组、0.1μmol/L AngⅡ+0.5μmol/L CaMKⅡ抑制剂KN92组、0.1μmol/L AngⅡ+0.5μmol/L CaMKⅡ抑制剂KN93组、0.1μmol/L AngⅡ+0.5μmol/L CaMKⅡ抑制剂AIP组;10 V1.0 Hz EFS组、10 V 1.0 Hz EFS+0.5μmol/L KN92组、10 V 1.0 Hz EFS+0.5μmol/L KN93组、10 V1.0 Hz EFS+0.5μmol/L AIP组、10 V1.0 Hz EFS+0.1μmol/L AngⅡ组。MTT法测定心肌成纤维细胞增殖;ELISA法测定细胞因子(TGF-β1,TNF-α)分泌;RT-PCR检测TGF-β1、TNF-α、collagenⅠ、ⅢmRNA水平。结果:CaMKⅡ抑制剂(0.5μmol/L KN93,0.5μmol/L AIP)能预防AngⅡ或EFS诱导的心肌成纤维细胞增殖;CaMKⅡ抑制剂(0.5μmol/L KN93,0.5μmol/L AIP)可预防AngⅡ或EFS引起的细胞培养上清液TGF-β1、TNF-α含量及相应mRNA表达增加。CaMKⅡ抑制剂(0.5μmol/L AIP,1.0μmol/L AIP)预防0.1μmol/L AngⅡ引起的collagenⅠ、Ⅲ表达增加。结论:抑制CaMKⅡ对AngⅡ或EFS诱导的心肌成纤维细胞增殖具有预防作用,其机制可能与CaMKⅡ抑制剂抑制TGF-β1、TNF-α以及胶原的表达有关。

APPLICATION OF THE COLLAGENOUS FIBER FROM THE SOLID WASTES OF LEATHER FOR PAPERMAKING

The capability of pulping for the solid waste of leather was investigated. The properties of paper that made up of collagenous fiber and plant fiber were also analyzed. The result showed that by proper treatment, solid waste of leather could be made into collagen fiber for papermaking. The physical strength of paper can be enhanced by appending collagenous fiber in a proper propriety.