Emitter discharge characteristics of vertical tube irrigation affected by various factors

To examine the working principle of vertical tube irrigation, variations in vertical tube emitter discharge and their causes were analyzed in the laboratory experiment. The effects of the pressure head, initial soil water content, and tube diameter on the emitter discharge of the vertical tube were studied. The results show that quantitative relationship between the time and cumulative infiltration and emitter discharge of the vertical tube is obtained, and R 2 is more than 0.98. Emitter discharge exhibits a positive and negative correlation with the pressure head and soil water content, respectively. Tube dia- meter has a nonsignificant effect on the emitter discharge. Changes of the soil water content around the emitter water outlet are the main causes of emitter discharge variations. In the experiments, the range of vertical tube emitter discharge is 0.056-1.102 L/h. The emitter of vertical tube irrigation automatically adjusts the soil water content and maintains the root zone soil water content within an appropriate range, which achieves continuous irrigation, and further achieves the effect of water-saving.

Reliability improvement of gas discharge tube by suppressing the formation of short-circuit pathways

After cumulative discharge of gas discharge tube(GDT),it is easy to form a short circuit pathway between the two electrodes,which increases the failure risk and causes severe influences on the protected object.To reduce the failure risk of GDT and improve cumulative discharge times before failure,this work aims to suppress the formation of two short-circuit pathways by optimizing the tube wall structure,the electrode materials and the electrode structure.A total of five improved GDT samples are designed by focusing on the insulation resistance change that occurs after the improvement;then,by combining these designs with the microscopic morphology changes inside the cavity and the differences in deposition composition,the reasons for the differences in the GDT failure risk are also analyzed.The experimental results show that compared with GDT of traditional structure and material,the method of adding grooves at both ends of the tube wall can effectively block the deposition pathway of the tube wall,and the cumulative discharge time before device failure is increased by 149%.On this basis,when the iron-nickel electrode is replaced with a tungsten-copper electrode,the difference in the electrode’s surface splash characteristics further extends the discharge time before failure by 183%.In addition,when compared with the traditional electrode structure,the method of adding an annular structure at the electrode edge to block the splashing pathway for the particles on the electrode surface shows no positive effect,and the cumulative discharge time before the failure of the two structures is reduced by 22.8%and 49.7%,respectively.Among these improved structures,the samples with grooves at both ends of the tube wall and tungsten-copper as their electrode material have the lowest failure risk.

Treatment of Dye Wastewater by Using a Hybrid Gas/Liquid Pulsed Discharge Plasma Reactor

A hybrid gas/liquid pulsed discharge plasma reactor using a porous ceramic tube is proposed for dye wastewater treatment. High voltage pulsed discharge plasma was generated in the gas phase and simultaneously the plasma channel was permeated through the tiny holes of the ceramic tube into the water phase accompanied by gas bubbles. The porous ceramic tube not only separated the gas phase and liquid phase but also offered an effective plasma spreading channel. The effects of the peak pulse voltage, additive gas varieties, gas bubbling rate, solution conductivity and TiO2 addition were investigated. The results showed that this reactor was effective for dye wastewater treatment. The decoloration efficiency of Acid Orange II was enhanced with an increase in the power supplied. Under the studied conditions, 97% of Acid Orange II in aqueous solution was effectively decolored with additive oxygen gas, which was 51% higher than that with argon gas, and the increasing 02 bubbling rate also benefited the decoloration of dye wastewater. Water conductivity had a small effect on the level of decoloration. Catalysis of TiO2 could be induced by the pulsed discharge plasma and addition of TiO2 aided the decoloration of Acid Orange II.

三维变形管MVR蒸发器用于纤维素生产末端废水零排放项目

蒸发器的换热性能对机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)系统投资及运行均有着重要影响。MVR蒸发器的管内传热与压降性能在基于三维变形管和直圆管的情况下存在明显差异。建立了考虑盐水浓度修正的三维变形管MVR蒸发器性能准则关联式,设计一套用于纤维素生产末端废水零排放项目的新型蒸发器。应用实践表明,相对于传统直圆管的MVR蒸发器,基于三维变形管的新型MVR蒸发器节材节能效果显著,其在节省29%换热面积的情形下仍能完全满足工程实际需要。在现场调研期间MVR系统处理每吨废水的压缩机耗电量在18.81~23.78 kW∙h之间,体现出新型蒸发器高能效的技术特性,极具应用推广价值。

气管切开带管出院患儿家长家庭抗逆力的质性研究

目的探讨气管切开带管出院患儿家长家庭抗逆力体验,为提升家庭抗逆力的护理方案提供参考依据。方法采取现象学研究方法,对2022年6月至2023年6月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院气管切开护理门诊接收的60例气管切开带管出院患儿家长进行半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料的整理及分析。结果60例气管切开带管出院患儿家长家庭抗逆力可归纳为3个主题:气管切开带管出院患儿居家护理带来的威胁与挑战、调整与适应、家庭及社会支持。结论医护人员应加强对气管切开带管出院患儿家长家庭抗逆力的评估,依据其家庭抗逆力体验及需求并给予干预,以提高家长家庭抗逆力。

恶性梗阻性黄疸PTCD带管病人出院经历的质性研究

目的:基于“以家庭为中心”的理论,探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD)带管病人出院经历的体验,为制定相应的护理支持方案提供依据。方法:采用现象学研究方法,选取2022年6月—12月在武汉市某三级甲等综合医院胆胰外科住院的13例携带PTCD引流管出院的病人,对其进行半结构访谈,应用Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行分析、归纳及提炼主题。结果:遵循“以家庭为中心”的理论,提炼出恶性梗阻性黄疸病人出院准备期、出院接受期、出院后期带管出院体验的3个主题。结论:恶性梗阻性黄疸PTCD带管病人出院照护体验动态变化,医护人员应有针对性地给予心理支持,强调家庭的参与感,增强家庭照护的延续性。

多器件联合L波段强电磁脉冲防护模块仿真设计

目的设计针对L波段射频前端敏感器件的强电磁脉冲防护模块,利用瞬态电压抑制二极管、气体放电管和发夹型微带带通滤波器进行联合仿真设计。方法瞬态电压抑制二极管具有快速响应时间,气体放电管具有高功率容量,而微带带通滤波器可分离噪声信号,并保留有效信号。通过结合这些器件进行防护设计,可以充分发挥各自优势,提高系统稳定性和强电磁脉冲防护能力。结果该模块设计工作频段为1.3~1.7GHz,带内插入损耗小于1.5dB,在70dBm功率注入的情况下,防护效果可以达到42.5dB,具有良好的防护效果。结论通过分析研究不同器件的特性和优化设计,实现了对L波段频谱的防护,具有重要的实用价值和广阔的应用前景。

线路保护设备静电放电的防护措施研究

研究了线路保护设备静电放电的防护措施。通过实验探究了不同电压等级、放电位置、电压极性对静电放电的影响,并对比了多种条件下的静电放电效果,还特别研究了在无接地、有接地状态下,以及使用TVS管、磁环或稳压二极管等防护器件时各端口出现的静电放电波形变化。研究发现,应用的防护器件能有效抑制静电放电,其中,TVS管的防护能力优于磁环和稳压二极管。这些防护器件能显著提高设备在面对静电冲击时的可靠性和安全性。

系统化干预护理对血液内科PICC带管出院患者预后效果的影响探究

探究血液内科PICC带管出院患者实施系统化干预护理的临床效果。选取治疗时间为2021年11月—2023年5月的136例血液内科PICC带管患者,以简单随机化的方式,分为两组:观察组患者68例、对照组患者68例。对照组患者实施常规的护理模式,而观察组患者实施系统化干预护理方式。将所有患者的依从性、自我护理能力、护理满意度和并发症等基本情况进行比对。研究发现,血液内科PICC带管出院患者实施系统化干预护理的临床效果显著,可以增强患者出院之后对护理的依从性,提高患者自我护理能力评分,还可降低产生并发症的概率,从而提升患者对护理的满意度,该护理模式值得推广与应用。

真空气力输送泵研究及应用

为实现地下隧洞施工高效排污及排渣,开发了一款适用于掘进机设备的真空气力输送泵系统。详细介绍了气力输送系统及组件,通过负压吸送、正压压送方式实现污水、泥渣、固体颗粒等气力输送,实现无旋转叶轮部件的流体输送。采用CFD方法,运用Fluent软件对气体喷射器结构仿真分析得出设计参数,运用EDEM⁃Fluent流固耦合仿真方法探究渣石与空气或水输送状态,得出使用边界条件,有效指导了设计及应用。同时真空气力输送泵系统提高了地下隧洞掘进效率和隧道文明施工水平。

延续护理在女性泌尿系结石术后留置双J管出院患者中的应用

目的分析予以女性泌尿系结石术后留置双J管出院患者延续护理的临床价值。方法回顾性选取2022年1月—2023年5月期间梧州市工人医院120例泌尿系结石术后留置双J管出院的女性患者的临床资料,依据护理方案差异将其划分为2组,对照组(n=60)行常规护理,观察组(n=60)行延续护理;对比两组双J管护理能力、自理能力、并发症、护理满意度。结果观察组双J管护理能力总优良率(93.33%)高于对照组(76.67%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.536,P<0.05)。观察组自理能力评分高于对照组,观察组并发症总发生率(5.00%)少于对照组(16.67%),观察组总满意度(95.00%)高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论予以女性泌尿系结石术后留置双J管出院患者延续护理可提升其双J管护理能力、日常自理能力,减少留置双J管出院后并发症,获得认可。

新型低压配电用复合型SPD的设计

针对压敏电阻(MOV,电压限制型元件)与陶瓷气体放电管(GDT,电压开关型元件)串联组成的复合型电涌保护器(SPD)的设计问题进行研究,并对GDT进行创新设计。对此类常规复合型SPD的设计方案进行研究,发现其无法兼具残压低、工作电压高的电气性能。通过独特创新的触发电路设计了创新型GDT,形成的串联复合型SPD兼具残压低、工作电压高的电气性能优势。针对“应用于未来各种高工作电压,低残压要求的SPD设计”需求,提供了一种有效、全新的设计理念。

317护联合思维导图对上尿路结石术后留置双“J”管患者出院准备度的影响

目的探讨317护联合思维导图对上尿路结石术后留置双“J”管患者出院准备度的影响。方法抽取2023年2—10月医院泌尿外科结石病区上尿路结石术后留置双“J”管患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分组,每组57例,对照组实施常规健康教育,实验组采用317护联合思维导图式健康教育,干预后比较两组患者出院准备度得分、出院指导质量得分、自我管理行为得分、取管率及并发症发生率。结果干预后实验组出院准备度得分、出院指导质量得分、自我管理行为得分高于对照组(P<0.05),实验组与对照组取管率无区别(P>0.05),实验组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对上尿路结石术后留置双“J”管患者实施317护联合思维导图式健康教育可提高其出院准备度、出院指导质量、自我管理能力,降低并发症发生率,可有效提高带管患者出院生活质量。

Research of magnetic self-balance used in a repetitive high voltage rectangular waveform pulse adder

Compared with a sinusoidal operation, pulsed operation has more homogeneity and more efficiency in dielectric barrier discharge. In this paper, an improved pulse adder is designed and assembled to create repetitive high voltage rectangular pulses when resistive loads or capacitive loads exist. Beyond the normal pulse adder based on solid-state switches, additional metal- oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors are used in each stage for a faster falling edge. Further, the voltage difference between stages is eliminated by balancing windings. In this paper, we represent our theoretical derivation, software simulations and hardware experiments on magnetic self-balance. The experiments show that the voltage difference between stages is eliminated by balancing windings, which matches the result of simulations with almost identical circuits and parameters.

Influences of the inner diameter of the solid shielding tube on the characteristics of the radio-frequency cold atmospheric plasma jet

Active control of the local environment of the cold atmospheric plasma(CAP) jet is of great importance in actual applications since the CAP operates in an open atmosphere with the inevitable entrainment of the surrounding cold air. In this paper, the solid shielding effects of the cylindrical quartz tubes with different inner diameters on the characteristics of the CAP jets driven by a radio-frequency(RF) power supply are studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the total length of the shielded plasma jet can be increased significantly by an appropriate combination of the quartz tube inner diameter and that of the plasma generator nozzle exit with other parameters being unchanged. This phenomenon may be qualitatively attributed to the loss of diffusion of the charged particles in the radial direction under different inner diameters of the quartz tubes. Compared with the plasma free jet, the plasma shielding jet is produced with optimized parameters including longer plasma jet length, higher concentrations of chemically reactive species, higher rotational, vibrational, and electron excitation temperatures when the inner diameters of the solid shielding tube and the generator nozzle exit are the same. A maximum plasma jet length of 52.0 cm is obtained in contrast to that of 5.0 cm of the plasma free jet in this study. The experimental results indicate that the solid shielding effect provides a new method for the active control of the local environment of the RF-CAP jet operating in an open atmosphere.

延续护理在普外科带管出院患者中的应用效果

目的探讨延续护理在普外科带管出院患者中的应用效果。方法选取2019年2月至2021年10月在赣南医学院第一附属医院的122例普外科带管出院患者作为研究对象,采用随机信封法将其分为对照组和探究组,各61例。对照组采用常规护理干预,探究组采用延续护理干预。比较两组患者的T管护理知识掌握评分、依从度、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及护理效果。结果干预后,两组患者的T管护理知识掌握评分高于干预前,且探究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。探究组患者的依从度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。探究组患者的护理总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者干预前的SAS和SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后两组患者的SAS和SDS评分均低于干预前,且干预后探究组患者的SAS和SDS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论普外科带管出院患者在应用延续护理干预后,对临床护理效果提高明显,还能提高患者T管护理知识掌握评分与护理依从度,临床中整体护理效果较好,应予以推广。

工作气压对管内壁沉积Si/O-DLC薄膜结构与性能的影响

目的探讨工作气压对管内等离子体放电光学现象以及Si/O-DLC(Si and O Incorporated DLC,Si/O-DLC)薄膜结构与性能的影响,为获得管内高质量、均匀的Si/O-DLC薄膜制备工艺技术提供指导。方法利用空心阴极等离子体增强化学气相沉积(Hollow Cathode Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition,HC-PECVD)技术,通过改变工作气压在管内沉积Si/O-DLC薄膜。利用高速摄像机记录并对比不同工作气压下管内等离子体放电光学现象。通过SPM、XPS和Raman光谱仪表征不同工作气压下薄膜的三维立体表面形貌和微观结构,并利用SEM、纳米压痕仪以及划痕测试系统,对比研究管内Si/O-DLC薄膜的硬度、弹性模量、膜基结合力以及沿管轴向的薄膜厚度分布。结果随着工作气压的上升,管径向中心处亮斑面积和光强先增大增强后趋于缩小暗淡。在不同工作气压下,均能够在管内获得表面光滑的Si/O-DLC薄膜,粗糙度为3~10 nm。随着工作气压的上升,管内Si/O-DLC薄膜的平均厚度从1.42μm增大到2.06μm,且沿管轴向的薄膜厚度分布均匀度从24%显著提高到65%;不同工作气压下管内Si/O-DLC薄膜沿管轴向平均硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势,总体平均硬度可达(14±1)GPa。管内Si/O-DLC薄膜在工作气压上升到25 mTorr时获得较高的平均膜基结合力。结论改变工作气压能够显著影响管内壁Si/O-DLC薄膜的结构与性能,当工作气压为25 m Torr时,在管内获得均匀性最优、结合力较高的Si/O-DLC薄膜。

接收机保护器短恢复时间技术的研究

介绍了一种新型预放电管腔体结构,独创性地采用两只石英管,其结构、尺寸以及两个石英管之间的连接方式经过专门设计,可以有效解决现有新型长脉冲宽度、大脉冲功率雷达所带来的接收机保护器恢复时间增大问题,将恢复时间缩短至之前的1/10以下,而恢复时间指标与雷达的盲区息息相关,因此该研究将有效地减少雷达盲区距离,提升雷达性能。文章介绍了该种结构的设计原理、方法和试验结果。

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. However, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely challenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machining process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined products. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are investigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condition and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diameter of the tube electrode. (C) 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

基于微信公众平台的延伸护理服务在胆道结石术后带管出院患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨基于微信公众平台的延伸护理服务在胆道结石术后带管出院患者中的应用效果。方法:选取82例胆道结石术后带管出院患者为研究对象,依据护理干预模式不同分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例。在围手术期护理的同时,对照组给予常规护理服务模式干预;观察组对照组基础上实施延伸护理服务模式干预,均在出院时、出院3个月及6个月进行随访。比较两组患者自我护理能力[自我护理能力(ESCA)评分]、生活质量[生活质量综合评定问卷(GQO-LI-74)评分]及疾病相关健康教育的知晓率。结果:观察组患者在出院3个月及6个月的ESCA评分、GQO-LI-74)评分和对疾病相关健康教育的知晓率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于微信公众平台的延伸护理服务可提高胆道结石术后带管出院患者的自我护理能力、出院后的生活质量及对疾病相关健康教育的知晓率,值得临床推广。