WBR_0-代数的∧-半格表示及其实例

对WBR0-代数进行了再研究。给出WBR0-代数的一种∧-半格结构表示的简化形式,并根据这一简化形式构造了一个非BR0-代数的WBR0-代数的实例,进一步说明了WBR0-代数提出的合理性。

On the Adjoint Semigroup of Implicative BCK-algebras

We prove that the adjoint semigroup of an implicative BCK algebra is an upper semilattice, and the adjoint semigroup of an implicative BCK algebra with condition(s) is a generalized Boolean algebra. Moreover we prove the adjoint semigroup of a bounded implicative BCK algebra is a Boolean algebra.

ω-Extension of Bicyclic Semigroup

In this paper, we discussed w-extension of bicyclic semigroups. Two types of this extension are proposed. In §2 we discussed strong semilattice extension and the structure of the extension is well presented. In §3 we discussed another order extension. We proved that congruence lattice of this extension semigroups is union set of two sublattice. One is the group congruence semilattice, the other is the pure idempotent congruence semilattice.

Deciphering anomalous Ag enrichment recorded by galena in Dayingezhuang Au(-Ag)deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,Eastern China

Texture,geochemistry,and in-situ Pb isotope of galena were investigated to probe the origin of anomalous Ag enrichment in the Dayingezhuang Au(-Ag)deposit.Silver enrichment postdates the main Au mineralization and occurs in the south of the Dayingezhuang deposit.It is primarily associated with galena and the exsolution of Ag-rich sulfosalts(e.g.,matildite)in distal vein-ores related to steeply dipping brittle fractures.Silver-rich galena is characterized by the least radiogenic Pb isotope signature(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb 17.195–17.258 and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb 37.706–37.793),possibly indicating a metasomatized lithospheric mantle or modified lower crustal source for Pb and Ag.Both of these mafic and ultramafic source regions have been previously suggested as Au reservoirs for other Jiaodong Au deposits,implying that the metal reservoir has only a weak control on the uneven Ag-enrichment.Since the Ag-enrichment areas are located in the footwalls of both the Dayingezhuang and Zhaoping faults,the enrichment was most likely dominated by local rotational stress during coeval movements of the two faults in a NE–SW compression and NW−SE extension regime.This work highlights the shallow-crust structural deformation responsible for controlling the flow of late ore-forming fluid resulting in local anomalous metal enrichment.

Current Oscillation and dc-Voltage-Controlled Chaotic Dynamics in Semiconductor Superlattices

We report a detailed theoretical study of current oscillation and de-voltage-controlled chaotic dynamics in doped GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling superlattices under crossed electric and magnetic fields. When the superlattice is biased at the negative differential velocity region, current self-oscillation is observed with proper doping concentration. The current oscillation mode and oscillation frequency can be affected by the dc voltage bias, doping density, and magnetic field. When an ac electric field with fixed amplitude and frequency is also applied to the system, different nonlinear properties show up in the external circuit with the change of dc voltage bias. We carefully study these nonlinear properties with different chaos-detecting methods.

Application of Developed Grid-GA Distributed Hydrologic Model in Semi-Humid and Semi-Arid Basin

A grid and Green-Ampt based （Grid-GA）distributed hydrologic physical model was developed for flood simulation and forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid basin. Based on topographical information of each grid cell extracted fi＇om the digital elevation model （DEM） and Green-Ampt infiltration method, the Grid-GA model takes into consideration the redistribution of water content, and consists of vegetation and root interception, evapotranspiration, runoff generation via the excess infiltration mechanism, runoff concentration, and flow routing. The downslope redis- tribution of soil moisture is explicitly calculated on a grid basis, and water exchange among grids within runoff routing along the river drainage networks is taken into consideration. The proposed model and Xin＇anjiang model were ap- plied to the upper Lushi basin in the Luohe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, with an area of 4 716 km2 for flood simulation. Results show that both models perform well in flood simulation and can be used for flood forecasting in semi-humid and semi-arid region.

A Semi-Analytical Approach to Green＇s Functions for Problems in Multiply-Connected Regions on a Spherical Surface

This work aims at potential fields generated by point sources in conductive perforated fragments of spherical shells. Such fields are interpreted as profiles of Green＇s functions of relevant boundary-value problems stated in multiply-connected regions for Laplace equation written in geographical coordinates. Those are efficiently computed by a modification of the method of functional equations, with closed analytical forms preliminary obtained for Green＇s functions for the corresponding simply-connected regions.

Seoul Food Culture Viewed from High-Class Korean-Styled Restaurants and Korean Female Entertainers in the 1930s

Since Korea-Japan annexation in 1910, Japan has promoted the migration and/or tourism into colonial Chosun （old Korea） as an efficient cultural strategy for extending imperialism into Korean peninsula. In many tour guide books, the gisaeng （Korean female entertainers） was not only a symbol of Chosun tradition, but a main icon of Chosun tourism. The high class Korean-styled restaurants （yorijoem） were established as tourist attraction for Japanese inlanders, with singing and dancing gisaengs, ondol （Korean heating floor） house and Korean authentic cuisine, etc. The aim of this paper is firstly to explore the existential change of gisaengs in the yorijoem through its spatial significance in the 1930s, and secondly to explore the identity of Seoul local food culture and its metamorphosis under the colonial modernity.

Effects of Thermal Lattice Vibration on the Effective Potential of Weak-Coupling Bipolaron in a Quantum Dot

Based on the Huybrechts' linear-combination operator,effects of thermal lattice vibration on the effective potential of weak-coupling bipolaron in semiconductor quantum dots are studied by using the LLP variational method and quantum statistical theory.The results show that the absolute value of the induced potential of the bipolaron increases with increasing the electron-phonon coupling strength,but decreases with increasing the temperature and the distance of electrons,respectively;the absolute value of the effective potential increases with increasing the radius of the quantum dot,electron-phonon coupling strength and the distance of electrons,respectively,but decreases with increasing the temperature;the temperature and electron-phonon interaction have the important influence on the formation and state properties of the bipolaron:the bipolarons in the bound state are closer and more stable when the electron-phonon coupling strength is larger or the temperature is lower;the confinement potential and coulomb repulsive potential between electrons are unfavorable to the formation of bipolarons in the bound state.

DC Characteristics of Lattice-Matched InAlN/AlN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors

Lattice-matched InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on sapphire substrate by using low-pressure metallorganic chemical vapor deposition were prepared, and the comprehensive DC characteristics were implemented by Keithley 4200 Semiconductor Characterization System. The experimental results indicated that a maximum drain current over 400 mA/mm and a peak external transconductance of 215 mS/mm can be achieved in the initial HEMTs. However, after the devices endured a 10-h thermal aging in furnace under nitrogen condition at 300 ℃, the maximum reduction of saturation drain current and external transconductance at high gate-source voltage and drain-source voltage were 30% and 35%, respectively. Additionally, an increased drain-source leakage current was observed at three-terminal off-state. It was inferred that the degradation was mainly related to electron-trapping defects in the InAlN barrier layer.

10-Gb/s Transmission in WDM PON Employing Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Fibre Bragg Grating Equaliser

We propose a 10-Gb/s Wavelength- Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Network （WDM-PON） scheme with upstream transmi- ssion employing Reflective Semiconductor Op- tical Amplifier （RSOA） and Fibre Bragg Gra- ting （FBG） optical equaliser. Transmissions of 10-Gb/s non return-to-zero signals using a 1.2- GHz RSOA and FBG optical equaliser with different setups are demonstrated. Significant performance improvement and 40-kin standard single mode fibre transmission are achieved using FBG optical equaliser and Remotely Pum- ped Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier （RP-EDFA）, where they are used to equalise the output of the band-limited RSOA and amplify the seed light and upstream signal, respectively.

Effect of DBR Geometry on Reflectivity and Spectral Linewidth of DBR Lasers

The linewidths of InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs DBR lasers with varied DBR dimensional parameters are measured and analyzed. These lasers were built with different DBR grating lengths and depths in order to explore the effect of the size of the DBR on its coupling coefficient and reflectivity,and hence on the linewidth of the laser diodes. The linewidths were measured by employing a self heterodyne linewidth measurement system. The experimental and calculated data for DBR reflectivity and spectral linewidth are given. The relationship between these data and the dimensions of the DBR is analyzed. Based on this analysis,the effect of the DBR geometry on the linewidth of the lasers is explored. The results give useful information related to the design and fabrication of such DBR lasers.

Effects of nitrogen specification and culture method on growth of Enteromorpha prolifera

Eutrophication, which is the enrichment of a water mass with inorganic and organic nutrients that support plant growth, is a key factor in stimulating phytoplankton growth. In this study, we determined the effects of various nitrogen sources, different nitrogen concentrations in the culture medium, and two culture methods on the growth of the green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera. The relationship between the specific growth rate of E. prolifera and NO3-N concentration was consistent with that estimated using the Monod equation （R2=0.9713, P〈0.01）. In the N O3-N medium, the maximum specific growth rate was calculated to be 0.1634/d and the semi-saturation constant was calculated to be 16.86 μmol/L. Our results show that E. prolijkra can effectively utilize NH4^＋-N, NO3^-N, and NO^2-N and urea-N in the range of 5 to 50 μmol/L. NH4^＋-N was preferentially assimilated by E. prolifera, and urea-N was favorable for long-term growth.

Greenland Ice Sheet Elevation Change in Winter and Influence of Atmospheric Teleconnections in the Northern Hemisphere

The relationship between the variability of the surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) in winter and sea level pressure is identified through analysis of data from satellite-borne radar altimeters, together with meteorological data fields during 1993 2005. We found that both the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the two major teleconnection patterns of the atmospheric surface pressure fields in the Northern Hemisphere, significantly influence the GIS winter elevation change. Further, it is suggested that the NPO may affect the GIS accumulation by influencing the NAO, particularly by changing the intensity and location of the Icelandic Low.

Representation of the Arctic Oscillation in the CMIP5 Models

The temporal variability and spatial pattern of the Arctic Oscillation(AO)simulated in the historical experiment of26 coupled climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)are evaluated.Spectral analysis of the monthly AO index indicates that 23 out of the 26 CMIP5 models exhibit no statistically significant spectral peak in the historical experiment,as seen in the observations.These models are able to reproduce the AO pattern in the sea level pressure anomaly field during boreal winter,but the intensity of the AO pattern tends to be overestimated in all the models.The zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies associated with the AO is dominated by a meridional dipole in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during boreal winter,which is well reproduced by only a few models.Most models show significant biases in both strength and location of the dipole compared to the observation.In considering the temporal variability as well as spatial structures in both horizontal and vertical directions,the MPI-ESM-P model reproduces an AO pattern that resembles the observation the best.

The Least Distributive Lattice Congruence on Commutative Distributive Semiring

In this paper, we describe the least distributive lattice congruence on a commutative distributive semiring.

Intraband Dynamics and Terahertz Emission in Biased GaAs/In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As Semiconductor Superlattices

Using an excitonic basis, we investigate the intraband polarization, optical absorption spectra, and terahertzemission of semiconductor superlattice with the density matrix theory. The excitonic Bloch oscillation is driven by thedc and ac electric fields. The slow variation in the intraband polarization depends on the ac electric field frequency. Theintraband polarization increases when the ac electric field frequency is below the Bloch frequency. When the ac electricfield frequency is above the Bloch frequency, the intraband polarization downwards and its intensity decreases. Thesatellite structures in the optical absorption spectra are presented. Due to excitonic dynamic localization, the emissionlines of terahertz shift in different ac electric field and dc electric field.

On the Fractional Extensions in Commutative Ordered Semigroups

In this paper we extend the construction of the field of rational numbers from the ring of integers to an arbitrary commutative ordered semigroup. We first construct a fractional ordered semigroup and a homomorphism φs ： R → S^-1 R. Secondly, we characterize the commutative ordered semigroup so constructed by a universal mapping property.

Strain Relaxation Related Photoluminescence Bands in Ge/Si Short Period Superlattices

Pure-Ge/Si short period superlattice (SPS) grown by gas source MBE (GSMBE) is studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy. An abnormal band in photoluminescence is found in an intermediate range of Lsi between 1.9 nm-2.9 nm for samples with LGe fixed at 1.5 ml. In contrast to a pure-Ge/Si quantum well, the energy of the band shows red-shift as Lsi increases. Raman scattering shows that Si-Si vibration related Raman shift reaches a minimum for samples with strongest PL intensity of the abnormal band. It is therefore concluded that the abnormal band is related with strain relaxation process.

Fabrication of Organic/Polymeric Superlattice Structure and Its Use for Electroluminescent Device

Superlattices consisting of alternating layers of organic/polymeric materials have been fabricated from tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(Alq3) and poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) by a multisource-type high-vacuum organic molecular deposition.The characteristics of superlattice structures are determined by the small-angle X-ray diffraction,optical absorption and photoluminescence.The electroluminescent devices with the superlattice structure have also been fabricated and the emission characteristics are discussed.