Bowel preparation protocol for hospitalized patients ages 50 years or older:A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years.Therefore,the population that is≥50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies.Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies.The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol(PEG)is effective but poorly tolerated.AIM To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients≥50 years in age.METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to group 1(2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a lowresidue diet)or group 2(4-L PEG).Adequate bowel preparation was defined as a Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)score of≥6,with a score of≥2 for each segment.Non-inferiority was prespecified with a margin of 10%.Additionally,the degree of comfort was assessed based on the comfort questionnaire.RESULTS The proportion of patients with a BBPS score of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2,as demonstrated by intention-to-treat(91.2%vs 91.0%,P=0.953)and per-protocol(91.8%vs 91.0%,P=0.802)analyses.Furthermore,in patients≥75 years in age,the proportion of BBPS scores of≥6 in group 1 was not significantly different from that in group 2(90.9%vs 97.0%,P=0.716).Group 1 had higher comfort scores(8.85±1.162 vs 7.59±1.735,P<0.001),longer sleep duration(6.86±1.204 h vs 5.80±1.730 h,P<0.001),and fewer awakenings(1.42±1.183 vs 2.04±1.835,P=0.026)than group 2.CONCLUSION For hospitalized patients≥50 years in age,the bowel preparation regimen comprising 2-L PEG+30-mL lactulose+a low-residue diet produced a cleanse that was as effective as the 4-L PEG regimen and even provided better comfort.

Improving the Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets among Children under Five Years Old in Benin, West Africa

Background: In Benin, malaria represents the first cause of consultation and hospitalization (48% for children under 5 years old) in health units. It also accounts for 23.1% of deaths recorded in health facilities (MoH, 2019). Between the two main components of vector control adopted by Benin government, the mass distribution campaigns of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) remained the only proven cost-effective way to rapidly achieve high and equitable coverage (WHO, 2017). After the fourth mass distribution campaign conducted in 2017, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data indicated that the percentage of children who slept under an ITN has increased from 20% in 2006 to 70% in 2011-2012 and to 76% in 2017-2018 while the incidence of malaria (tested positive) is increasing rapidly among children under 5 years old, growing from 36.5% in 2009 to 28.8% in 2012 and then to 51.4% in 2019. This study aims to understand this contrast by identifying the origin of the increase in ITN use over time among children under five years old and the factors which determine this use. Methods: Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Benin respectively in 2006 and in 20018 were used during the analysis, which covered 13,445 children under five years old from 2006 DHS and 12,255 children from 2017-2018 DHS. Firstly, the data were analyzed using decomposition method to highlight the origin of the increase of ITN use over time among children under five years old. Secondly, the chi-square test analysis estimated the association between ITN use and some characteristics (wealth index, maternal or caregiver education level and child age). Finally, the logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors, which influence the net use over the study period. Results: This study shows that the improvement of basic conditions is the main origin of behavior change in the use of ITNs among children under five years old. This improvement of the basic conditions consists of making ITNs available in households and informing household members about the benefits of ITN use. So, the free ITN distribution campaigns, routine distribution, awareness campaigns about the benefits of ITN use are the strategies, which increase the household capacities and knowledge, allowing household members to make their children sleep under net. The analysis also shows that region of residence, wealth index of household, household size, religion, and child age continue to determine the ITN use among children under age 5 years old and MNCP will integrate the factors in malaria prevention strategies in order to achieve universal use of ITNs. Conclusions: Although, sleeping under ITN behavior has indeed spread among children under 5 years old, policymakers and other stakeholders should design strategies to maintain and improve the current level of ITN use to reach the collective protection threshold (80% according to WHO). Therefore, to address the challenges of universal use of ITN, the study recommends expanding the routine distribution system to private sector health centers;discussing issues related to health service utilization (particularly ITN use) within a consultation framework at the communal level. In addition, collecting qualitative and quantitative data in the Oueme region will allow better understanding of all aspects of the ITN use gap among children under 5 years.

DEBRIS FLOW STUDIES IN CHINA IN THE LAST 30 YEARS

By summarizing the results of debris flow studies in China and integating with the knowledge and experience gained by the authors in their research work, thes paper makes a review and outlook on debris flow studies in China in the last 30 years. Corresponding opinions and suggestions are proposed in view of the circumstances and disasters in China.

中国—东盟30年职业教育国际合作:回顾与展望

中国—东盟开展职业教育国际合作是国际形势和区域经济优势的战略选择,拥有对外开放国际化政策的全面支持,是职业教育高质量国际交流合作的典范。回顾中国—东盟建立伙伴关系30年间开展职业教育国际合作的历程,双方在平台组建、政策制定、跨境教育层面取得了重要成果与持续性发展,但依然存在合作机制不完善,保障性不强;吸引力不强,合作领域有待进一步扩充;共同体意识缺失,影响力相对薄弱等问题。展望未来,中国与东盟应在凝聚共识、深化合作、畅通渠道、提质赋能的基础上持续深化合作,携手共建高质量的战略伙伴关系。

外周血miR-30a对脓毒血症并发ARDS患者预后的预测价值

目的探讨外周血miR-30a对脓毒血症并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者预后的预测价值。方法选取诊治的100例脓毒血症合并ARDS患者为研究对象,根据患者的28天病情转归情况分为死亡组35例,生存组65例,比较两组患者的miR-30a、ERK蛋白以及磷酸化蛋白水平,评估miR-30a、ERK蛋白以及磷酸化蛋白水平对脓毒血症并发ARDS患者预后的预测效能。结果死亡组的miR-30a和磷酸化蛋白水平高于生存组,ERK蛋白低于生存组(P<0.05)。miR-30a、ERK蛋白、磷酸化蛋白进行联合诊断,其诊断特异度较高,联合检测的曲线下面积高于单独检测(P<0.05)。结论外周血miR-30a、ERK蛋白以及磷酸化蛋白表达异常可作为脓毒血症并发ARDS患者预后判定的重要依据。

从开放、包容到拥抱现实:论20、21世纪之交30年美国戏剧走向

有学者认为美国戏剧从20世纪80年代开始衰落,至21世纪初到了快要死亡的边缘。本文通过对1990—2020年这30年美国戏剧的考察,认为美国戏剧在经历了20世纪中叶开始的短暂衰弱之后,于90年代开始重拾升势。世纪之交30年间族裔戏剧、女性戏剧、同性恋戏剧等竞相争艳,“天线剧团”等实验与先锋剧场相继诞生,沉浸式、互动式、互联网戏剧等与时俱进。戏剧反映性别、性向、身份、9·11创伤与记忆等时代问题,表达了对疾病、老龄化、非法移民等问题的现实关切,展现了“后时代”戏剧的开放、包容的姿态与现实担当。总体上看,世纪之交30年美国戏剧非但没有衰亡,反而变得更加兴盛、斑斓多姿。

Stereopsis after Implantation of Intraocular Lens in Patients under 40 Years Old with Unilateral Cataract

Purpose:.To investigate the stereopsis after single focus intraocular lens (SIOL) implantation in patients aged < 40 years with unilateral cataract. Methods: In total, 36 patients (36 eyes) were divided into emmetropia and myopia groups. Twenty seven subjects with good uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) after surgery were enrolled in the emmetropia group..The myopia group consisted of 9 subjects whose one eye had mild myopia postoperatively and the other was emmetropic or myopic. Visual acuity,.distance and near stereoacuity were measured post-operatively. Results:.In the emmetropia group,.uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) did not differ significantly between eyes (t=1.87,P>0.05)..The LogMAR UCNVA of the operated and fellow eyes were (0.71±0.12) and (-0.05±0.07, t=28.4,P< 0.001) respectively..Distance stereoacuity was 60";.the near stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity and BCNVA in the operated eyes were 200" and 30" respectively (Z=-4.121,P< 0.001). In the myopia group,.the BCDVA did not differ significantly between the operated and fellow eyes (t=-0.636,P > 0.05)..The UCNVA of the operated eyes (0.18±0.12) was significantly better compared with that of the fellow eyes(-0.04±0.10,.t=4.2252,.P<0.001)..The distance stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity and BCDVA in the operated eyes were 200" and 60" respectively (Z =-2.371,P<0.05). The near stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity was 50". Conclusion:For patients with unilateral cataract aged<40 years, stereopsis is closely associated with refractive status after IOL implantation..Near stereoacuity in emmetropic eyes can be improved with refraction,.and that in mildly myopic eyes can be enhanced by leaving myopia uncorrected.

Comparing Coordination Abilities of 10-11 Years Old Girls Practicing Basketball and Rhythmic Gymnastic

The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The purpose of this study is to determine any difference between the coordination abilities of 10-11 years old gifts practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastics. In that study, we have tested 40 girls at the age of 10-11 years practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastic. We have tested them by 7 coordination tests. The results from the tests have been calculated in math-statistic methods and we have used descriptive statistic and t-test by Student with guaranteed probability Pt 〉 95 %. Ten-eleven old girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic have advantage against the girls practicing basketball in all 7 tests examining coordination abilities. The girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic, guaranteed by statistic, have better results in the balance and rhythmic abilities than the girls practicing basketball game. That statement is showing us that at this age the rhythmic gymnastic or elements from rhythmic gymnastic should be used for developing balance and rhythmic ability, which are very important for the basketball game.

Treatment Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients 80 Years Old and over

Background: With the recent aging of society, the need for medical treatment of elderly patients with head and neck cancer seems to have been increasing. Method: The present study analyzed all 103 patients with head and neck cancer ≥80 years, and we compared results with those of the previous generation (Group P;range: 75 - 79 years) comprising 104 patients treated in the same period. Results: We provided treatment just as wanted and could not choose it often. The reasons were oncological factors such as unresectable tumor or distant metastasis, refusal of treatment, and physical factors such as poor PS or number of comorbidities. Conclusion: Treatment choices should be based on the wishes and motivations of the patient and the medical assessment of physical function. When a patient ≥80 years old is treated, the high incidence of complications and severity of the disease should be considered.

Thirty Vears Road,Integrating a Megacity——Economic Changes inthe Yangtze River Delta Over the Past 30 Years

As one of the most dynamic economic zones in China, the Yangtze River Delta has further increased its economic output,becoming more open to foreign investment and international cooperation over the past 30 years.Its economic stability and coordination have been strengthened;and the process of regional integration continues to accelerate.

China’s “Education for All” Effort Fruitful in 30 Years

Of major events in China over the past three decades, most Chinese would list the resumption of National Examination for the Entrance of University as number one. In December 1977, 5.7 million Chinese participated in the national exams, the first since the catastrophic Cultural Revolution （1966-76）. One year later, the country＇s reform, opening up and modernization drive was launched.

Surgical results and prognosis of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma aged less than 30 years

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical and pathological features of surgical treatment for primary bronchogenic carcinoma in adolescent patients. Methods A retrospective review is presented of patients less than 30 years with surgical treatment of bronchogenic

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries(Ⅰ)

As the industry of knowledge diffusion and civilization spreading, printing industry has been paid much attention by Party and Government.

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries (Ⅱ)

Ⅳ.Development of Printing Technology i.16 characters guideline and 28 characters guidefine directed the development of China’s printing technology Mr.Fan Muhan chaired 16 characters guideline in September,1982,which includes laserphototypesetting,

Exhibition on the 30 Years of Reform and Opening-up Held

In commemoration of the 30 years of reform and opening-up, under the authorization of the State Council, the "Review Exhibition on

Development during last 30 years' reform and opening up in China's printing,printing equipment and material industries(Ⅲ)

(connected to the last month’s Print China) V.Regional Economy Regional imbalance appeared in development of China’s printing industry because of impact of gov-

A Reflection on China Development of Human Rights in the Last 30 Years

The 30 years since kaige kaifang, or the implementation of reform and openingup policies, are a period when human rights in China have had the fastest development. Human rights development in these years has followed this thread： economic development -emancipation of the mind-social opening-international cooperation.

CONTRAST ANALYSIS ON ECG,CT AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF PATIENTS OVER SEVENTY YEARS OLD WITH STROKE

目的:探讨70岁以上老年人脑卒中患者的心电图、CT和临床表现的特点及其预防和治疗方法。方法:100例患者的心电图、CT和临床表现被分析了。结果:这些患者的心电图和CT改变以及临床表现是各不相同的。结论:70岁以上老年人的脑卒中患者是具有一定特点的。

对“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年”政策的思考

推行“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年”政策不仅能够增强制度稳定性,提升农民对土地预期,发挥更好的激励作用,还可为未来的政策调整和制度变革预留空间。但这项政策也存在一些问题,如,再延长30年是沿用第二轮的承包关系,不重新分地,还是再延长30年,按照农村人口的变化结构,合理调整承包关系重新分地?为科学解决这一问题,未来实施“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年”政策,应慎重考虑土地政策的“公平”与“效率”问题:科学处理好“生不增死不减”问题、“土地确权”历史问题、“三权分置”的土地流转问题并及时答复农民未来土地政策问题。同时,应在未来5年时间内,从“筹地”“筹钱”“筹股”“筹业”“筹保”五个层面做好配套工作,保障“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年”政策顺利实施。