Improving the Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets among Children under Five Years Old in Benin, West Africa

Background: In Benin, malaria represents the first cause of consultation and hospitalization (48% for children under 5 years old) in health units. It also accounts for 23.1% of deaths recorded in health facilities (MoH, 2019). Between the two main components of vector control adopted by Benin government, the mass distribution campaigns of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) remained the only proven cost-effective way to rapidly achieve high and equitable coverage (WHO, 2017). After the fourth mass distribution campaign conducted in 2017, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data indicated that the percentage of children who slept under an ITN has increased from 20% in 2006 to 70% in 2011-2012 and to 76% in 2017-2018 while the incidence of malaria (tested positive) is increasing rapidly among children under 5 years old, growing from 36.5% in 2009 to 28.8% in 2012 and then to 51.4% in 2019. This study aims to understand this contrast by identifying the origin of the increase in ITN use over time among children under five years old and the factors which determine this use. Methods: Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Benin respectively in 2006 and in 20018 were used during the analysis, which covered 13,445 children under five years old from 2006 DHS and 12,255 children from 2017-2018 DHS. Firstly, the data were analyzed using decomposition method to highlight the origin of the increase of ITN use over time among children under five years old. Secondly, the chi-square test analysis estimated the association between ITN use and some characteristics (wealth index, maternal or caregiver education level and child age). Finally, the logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors, which influence the net use over the study period. Results: This study shows that the improvement of basic conditions is the main origin of behavior change in the use of ITNs among children under five years old. This improvement of the basic conditions consists of making ITNs available in households and informing household members about the benefits of ITN use. So, the free ITN distribution campaigns, routine distribution, awareness campaigns about the benefits of ITN use are the strategies, which increase the household capacities and knowledge, allowing household members to make their children sleep under net. The analysis also shows that region of residence, wealth index of household, household size, religion, and child age continue to determine the ITN use among children under age 5 years old and MNCP will integrate the factors in malaria prevention strategies in order to achieve universal use of ITNs. Conclusions: Although, sleeping under ITN behavior has indeed spread among children under 5 years old, policymakers and other stakeholders should design strategies to maintain and improve the current level of ITN use to reach the collective protection threshold (80% according to WHO). Therefore, to address the challenges of universal use of ITN, the study recommends expanding the routine distribution system to private sector health centers;discussing issues related to health service utilization (particularly ITN use) within a consultation framework at the communal level. In addition, collecting qualitative and quantitative data in the Oueme region will allow better understanding of all aspects of the ITN use gap among children under 5 years.

Treatment Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients 80 Years Old and over

Background: With the recent aging of society, the need for medical treatment of elderly patients with head and neck cancer seems to have been increasing. Method: The present study analyzed all 103 patients with head and neck cancer ≥80 years, and we compared results with those of the previous generation (Group P;range: 75 - 79 years) comprising 104 patients treated in the same period. Results: We provided treatment just as wanted and could not choose it often. The reasons were oncological factors such as unresectable tumor or distant metastasis, refusal of treatment, and physical factors such as poor PS or number of comorbidities. Conclusion: Treatment choices should be based on the wishes and motivations of the patient and the medical assessment of physical function. When a patient ≥80 years old is treated, the high incidence of complications and severity of the disease should be considered.

Stereopsis after Implantation of Intraocular Lens in Patients under 40 Years Old with Unilateral Cataract

Purpose:.To investigate the stereopsis after single focus intraocular lens (SIOL) implantation in patients aged < 40 years with unilateral cataract. Methods: In total, 36 patients (36 eyes) were divided into emmetropia and myopia groups. Twenty seven subjects with good uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) after surgery were enrolled in the emmetropia group..The myopia group consisted of 9 subjects whose one eye had mild myopia postoperatively and the other was emmetropic or myopic. Visual acuity,.distance and near stereoacuity were measured post-operatively. Results:.In the emmetropia group,.uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) did not differ significantly between eyes (t=1.87,P>0.05)..The LogMAR UCNVA of the operated and fellow eyes were (0.71±0.12) and (-0.05±0.07, t=28.4,P< 0.001) respectively..Distance stereoacuity was 60";.the near stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity and BCNVA in the operated eyes were 200" and 30" respectively (Z=-4.121,P< 0.001). In the myopia group,.the BCDVA did not differ significantly between the operated and fellow eyes (t=-0.636,P > 0.05)..The UCNVA of the operated eyes (0.18±0.12) was significantly better compared with that of the fellow eyes(-0.04±0.10,.t=4.2252,.P<0.001)..The distance stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity and BCDVA in the operated eyes were 200" and 60" respectively (Z =-2.371,P<0.05). The near stereoacuity with uncorrected visual acuity was 50". Conclusion:For patients with unilateral cataract aged<40 years, stereopsis is closely associated with refractive status after IOL implantation..Near stereoacuity in emmetropic eyes can be improved with refraction,.and that in mildly myopic eyes can be enhanced by leaving myopia uncorrected.

Comparing Coordination Abilities of 10-11 Years Old Girls Practicing Basketball and Rhythmic Gymnastic

The words---coordination, coordination abilities and coordination training are getting more and more popular among the coaches in different sports. The rhythm makes the movement logical, easy and correct done. The purpose of this study is to determine any difference between the coordination abilities of 10-11 years old gifts practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastics. In that study, we have tested 40 girls at the age of 10-11 years practicing basketball and rhythmic gymnastic. We have tested them by 7 coordination tests. The results from the tests have been calculated in math-statistic methods and we have used descriptive statistic and t-test by Student with guaranteed probability Pt 〉 95 %. Ten-eleven old girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic have advantage against the girls practicing basketball in all 7 tests examining coordination abilities. The girls practicing rhythmic gymnastic, guaranteed by statistic, have better results in the balance and rhythmic abilities than the girls practicing basketball game. That statement is showing us that at this age the rhythmic gymnastic or elements from rhythmic gymnastic should be used for developing balance and rhythmic ability, which are very important for the basketball game.

广东省广州市13802例6~36月龄儿童出生节气与体格发育不良关系研究

目的研究广东省广州市部分6~36月龄儿童出生节气与体格发育不良之间的关系,为儿童健康管理及儿童公共卫生服务政策的制定提供参考依据。方法采取回顾性调查方法,选取2018年6月至2019年12月在广州市某区各社区卫生服务中心接受基本公共卫生服务的13802名6~36月龄儿童作为研究对象。根据世界卫生组织2006年发布的0~5岁儿童生长标准,对其生长发育状况进行评估。采用圆形分布法检验体格发育不良的节气分布特征。结果在一个自然年中,出生节气从立春开始,儿童体格发育不良检出率逐渐下降,在夏季达到最低,以芒种时节为最低点(低体重检出率1.68%,生长迟缓检出率1.01%,消瘦检出率0.84%)。从出生节气白露后,儿童体格发育不良检出率开始逐渐升高,低体重和生长迟缓峰值(分别5.82%和4.74%)位于霜降与小雪之间,消瘦检出率峰值(3.84%)位于小雪与小寒之间。冬季出生儿童发育不良检出率最高(低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦检出平均角ɑ分别为298.61°、300.27°和292.42°,P<0.05),且生长迟缓和低体重检出率上升幅度明显;与冬季出生儿童相比,夏季出生儿童发生低体重(OR=0.471,95%CI:0.365~0.609)、生长迟缓(OR=0.631,95%CI:0.486~0.819)和消瘦(OR=0.471,95%CI:0.345~0.643)的风险较低;秋季出生儿童发生低体重(OR=0.625,95%CI:0.496~0.787)和生长迟缓(OR=0.682,95%CI:0.531~0.878)的风险也相对较低;春季出生儿童低体重、生长迟缓和消瘦检出率与冬季出生儿童的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6月龄时,与冬季出生儿童相比,夏季出生儿童发生低体重(OR=0.440,95%CI:0.293~0.659)、生长迟缓(OR=0.466,95%CI:0.306~0.709)、消瘦(OR=0.351,95%CI:0.190~0.648)的风险较低,秋季出生儿童发生生长迟缓(OR=0.693,95%CI:0.487~0.987)的风险较低;18月龄时,与冬季出生儿童相比,夏季出生儿童发生低体重(OR=0.464,95%CI:0.314~0.686)、生长迟缓(OR=0.594,95%CI:0.402~0.877)和消瘦(OR=0.496,95%CI:0.307~0.802)的风险较低,秋季出生儿童发生低体重(OR=0.554,95%CI:0.386~0.794)的风险较低;30月龄时,冬季出生儿童低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦检出率与其他季节差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论广东省广州市儿童的生长发育状况与出生时的节气有关,其中6月龄和18月龄儿童受影响较明显,30月龄儿童受影响不明显,提示出生节气对儿童生长发育的影响可能仅限于生命早期。

CONTRAST ANALYSIS ON ECG,CT AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF PATIENTS OVER SEVENTY YEARS OLD WITH STROKE

目的:探讨70岁以上老年人脑卒中患者的心电图、CT和临床表现的特点及其预防和治疗方法。方法:100例患者的心电图、CT和临床表现被分析了。结果:这些患者的心电图和CT改变以及临床表现是各不相同的。结论:70岁以上老年人的脑卒中患者是具有一定特点的。

≥80岁前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的临床疗效及安全性

目的探讨≥80岁且健康状况良好的前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜前列腺根治术(LRP)的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年8月-2020年3月于复旦大学附属浦东医院行LRP的18例≥80岁前列腺癌患者的临床资料。结果18例前列腺癌患者年龄80~86岁;术前血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)水平5.25~101.00 ng/mL;临床分期cT1N0M02例,cT2N0M012例,cT3N0M04例;Gleason评分≤6者4例,7分者9例,≥8分者5例。术后随访22~65个月,术后1、3、6个月及1年尿失禁率分别为50.00%(9/18)、33.33%(6/18)、16.67%(3/18)、5.56%(1/18),术后尿控恢复时间1~220 d;术后切缘阳性3例,3例出现生化复发。术后3、6个月及1年的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)均低于术前(P<0.05)。术后6个月前列腺治疗的功能评估(FACD-P)的总体健康评分高于术前(P<0.05)。结论对于经过筛选的≥80岁且健康状况良好的前列腺癌患者行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术安全可行,临床疗效确切,但尚需进一步的长期随访和大样本量的前瞻性临床研究证实。

Right Atrium Myxoma in an 11-Year-Old Girl in Guinea

The objective of this study was to describe the myxoma of the right atrium occurring in an 11-year-old girl. It was an 11-year-old girl weighing 22 kg, admitted for exertional dyspnea, dry cough, palpitations, hepatitis, abdominal bloating, fever evolving for more than 9 months without a history of known cardiovascular disease;referral from a pulmonology department for cardiomegaly and right pleurisy. At cardiac auscultation, the rhythm was irregularly fast at 130 beats without added noise with a blood pressure of 110/65 mmhg. In the lungs, there was silence and a decrease in vocal vibrations at the right base, SaO2 at 70%. Elsewhere a thoracic collateral venous circulation was visible. Electrocardiogram recorded rapid atrial fibrillation at 134 cycles. The cardiac ultrasound concluded that there was a mobile mass in the right atrium prolapsing in the right ventricle measuring 25 mm × 18.9 mm suggesting a myxoma. The myxoma of the right atrium is of a rare localization with a polymorphic clinical manifestation. It should be diagnosed as early as possible to avoid the occurrence of dreaded complications. Its management is surgical.

Management of a Total Coalescence of the Labia Majora in an 11-Year-Old Girl Following a Female Genital Mutilation: A Case Report

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still a topical practice in several African regions or countries. They constitute a violation of human rights, in particular because of their harmful consequences for the health of the people who suffer them and are the source of various complications. We report a case of FGM complications in the form of total coalescence of the labia majora with a small hole from which urine flows permanently. The management was a disinfubilation with suturing of the edges and urethral reimplantation and the evolution was favorable with complete healing after two (2) weeks.

Emergency department diagnosis of a concealed pleurocutaneous fistula in a 78-year-old man using point-of-care ultrasound

INTRODUCTION Although the differential diagnosis for chest wall masses is broad, the vast majority are abscesses, lipomas, or sebaceous cysts. Post-operative chest wall masses can also include infection, hematoma, seroma, cancer recurrence, metastasis, and lung hernia. Bedside ultrasound has been well documented to be beneficial in the differentiation of superficial pathology. Pleurocutaneous fistula is a pathologic communication between the pleural space and subcutaneous tissues of the chest wall. Pleurocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of tube thoracostomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） procedures, and various pulmonary infections.

不同死亡率标准下区域长寿死亡占比指标一致性分析

目的 分析死亡漏报对区域长寿相关死亡占比水平的影响,以期为利用人口死亡登记数据开展区域长寿水平评价提供依据。方法 基于2019年全国人口死亡登记数据计算各个区县的粗死亡率。按照不同的粗死亡率标准(粗死亡率≥4.5‰,≥5.0‰,≥6.0‰,≥7.0‰)分别计算相应纳入标准情况下百岁老人、长寿老人、高龄老人死亡占比等9个指标的全国水平,采用标准差和变异系数评价各个指标的稳定性。在省级和地市水平分别计算纳入全部监测区县和只纳入粗死亡率≥6.0‰区县情况下的9个死亡占比指标,采用基于百分位数法的Bland-Altman散点图法评价两种情况下各个指标的一致性。结果 在全国水平,100岁及以上死亡占比指标的标准差最小(0.01~0.02),其次是90岁及以上死亡占比指标(0.13~0.18),80岁及以上死亡占比指标的标准差最大(0.20~0.33);变异系数最小的指标是80+/60+和100+/90+(0.43~0.44),变异系数最大的指标是100+/all和90+/all(1.69~1.80)。在省级水平和地市水平,9个死亡占比指标的95%LoA均超出了相应的专业可接受范围,意味着两种情况下的指标测量结果不可互相替换。结论 死亡漏报对全国水平长寿死亡占比指标影响较小,但是对省级水平和地市水平影响较大。在依托人口死亡登记数据报告区域长寿死亡占比指标时须遴选数据完整性较高(粗死亡率≥6.0‰)的区县进行测算,以保证结果的准确性。

香梨结果树的控旺研究

以四年生香梨结果树为试验材料,采用调环酸钙、PBO、多效唑、烯效唑为生长抑制剂,设置不同浓度和喷施次数,在新梢旺长期对树体进行喷施的方法,研究了一年生枝长度、粗度的变化及对叶片、果实品质的影响,以期解决香梨树势旺,枝条易徒长,树形树势不易控制的问题。结果表明:调环酸钙、PBO、多效唑、烯效唑均能有效抑制香梨新梢旺长,枝条封顶率随处理浓度的升高而升高。调环酸钙和PBO处理后,叶片叶绿素含量、果实单果质量、果实横径和可溶性固形物含量与对照差异不显著,叶片质量和叶片厚度显著高于对照,果实纵径、果形指数和果实硬度显著低于对照。香梨生产中可选择环保、安全的调环酸钙作为新梢旺长的抑制剂,以300~450 mg·L^(-1)喷施2次效果较好。

60岁以下成年女性心理压力现状、影响因素及干预对策研究——以重庆市为例

回顾和梳理压力以及女性心理压力影响因素的相关文献,通过问卷调查对重庆市4270位60岁以下成年女性的心理压力程度进行分析,考察影响60岁以下成年女性心理压力的相关因素。通过有序Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、户籍、教育程度、年收入情况、工作时长、女性人才重视程度、对政策和制度的熟悉程度等变量显著影响着60岁以下成年女性的心理压力。研究结果显示:60岁以下成年女性中,农村户籍的女性心理压力显著高于城市户籍;年龄越大、工作时长越长,心理压力越大;受教育程度和年收入水平越高、女性人才重视程度越高、对政策和制度熟悉程度越高,心理压力越小。基于此,提出以下4条干预对策:重视低收入成年女性的心理问题;重视农村“留守中老年女性”的心理健康问题;重视企事业单位女性的心理健康问题;加强对成年女性心理健康教育、舆论引导及政策宣讲等。

宁夏50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者流行病学特征分析

目的分析宁夏50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者的相关特征,为艾滋病防控政策制定提供依据。方法数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,选取2015-2022年报告中年龄≥50岁的病例,应用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果宁夏报告HIV/AIDS患者中≥50岁所占比例从2015年的14.8%上升至2022年31.3%(P<0.05)。2015-2022年共报告≥50岁HIV/AIDS患者643例,其中男性494例(76.8%)、农民296例(46.0%)、已婚456例(70.9%)、小学及以下文化程度314例(48.8%),本省582例(90.5%);传播途径以异性传播为主(79.8%);发现方式以医疗机构检测为主(75.3%);首次CD4细胞计数<350个/μl占33.4%。男性以商业异性性传播为主(46.8%),同性传播占一定比例(18.8%);随着年龄增加离异或丧偶者占比增加,商业异性性传播占比也增加。女性以配偶阳性传播(46.0%)和非婚非商业异性性行为(44.6%)为主;已婚有配偶者配偶阳性传播占比较高(54.7%),离异或丧偶者非婚非商业传播占比较高(65.6%)。全死因报告死亡比例为5.1%,晚发现比例为30.5%。结论2015-2022年宁夏报告50岁及以上HIV/AIDS患者占比逐年增加,人群艾滋病传播方式多样,感染风险持续存在,应加强艾滋病防治知识宣传教育和配偶告知,加大主动检测力度,减少新发感染和二代传播。

深圳市龙岗区新发现≥50岁患者HIV感染/AIDS流行趋势特征和定量预测

目的掌握≥50岁患者的HIV感染/AIDS流行趋势特征,并进行定量预测,为指导疫情防控和风险评估提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法分析深圳市龙岗区2018-2023年新发现≥50岁患者HIV感染/AIDS的趋势特征,用缓冲算子序列建立灰色均值GM(1,1)模型进行趋势判定和定量预测。结果2018-2023年深圳市龙岗区新发现≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者271例,年均(45±11)例;男/女性别比3.44∶1,50~59岁占62.37%,职业分布较广,以家务及待业(37.27%)和商业服务(15.87%)较多,已婚或有配偶占53.51%,初中以下文化占62.36%,外市户籍占81.18%;感染途径以异性传播(71.22%)为主,非婚异性性接触史高(63.10%);发现途径以医疗机构检测发现(76.38%)为主。各年≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者在人群特征、感染途径和检测样本来源等分布上未呈现趋势变化(P>0.05);在当年新发现HIV感染/ADIS患者构成比呈现出增长趋势(P<0.05)。建立的弱化算子GM(1,1)灰色模型优秀,平均相对误差<2.0%,精度>98.0%,发展系数为0.05,患者数呈增长趋势,预测2024-2028年≥50岁患者年发现数将可能从62例增长至75例。结论深圳市龙岗区≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者在构成占比和患者数上均呈增长趋势,应重点关注≥50岁HIV感染/ADIS患者,针对老年人群加强宣传教育、制定和完善AIDS综合干预和防治体系。灰色GM(1,1)预测模型可用于≥50岁人群中HIV感染/AIDS流行趋势判定和定量预测,对风险定量评估和疫情防控具有较好的指导意义。

3~6岁儿童同胞关系的异质性及其影响因素:基于潜在剖面分析

运用潜在剖面分析探索3~6岁儿童同胞关系的不同特征模式,并且进一步探讨个体心理理论与亲子关系对儿童早期同胞关系类型的影响。采用同胞行为量表、社会理解量表、亲子关系量表对1410名二孩家庭的3~6岁儿童进行调查,结果发现:(1)儿童同胞关系可以分为磨合成长型(48.94%)、相对和谐型(47.09%)和矛盾冲突型(3.97%)三种类型;(2)儿童个体心理理论以及亲子关系亲密性越高,亲子关系冲突性越低,其同胞关系类型更倾向归属于相对和谐型。

0~3岁婴幼儿托育教养人员生存状态的地区差异及影响因素分析

关注0~3岁婴幼儿托育教养人员的生存状态有利于其专业成长和队伍稳定。通过对东北、华东、西部三个地区666名托育教养人员生存状态的实证调查,发现托育教养人员生存状态总体水平中等偏上且存在地区差异,政府保障是影响东北地区托育教养人员生存状态的关键因素,机构管理是影响华东地区托育教养人员生存状态的潜在因素,个体主观是影响西部地区托育教养人员生存状态的驱动因素。基于调查结果,提出改善托育教养人员生存状态的建议。

2012—2021年我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平及其影响因素

目的了解2012—2021年我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平变化趋势,探索该特定人群健康素养影响因素,为制定该人群健康教育和健康促进相关政策措施提供参考。方法基于全国2012—2021年居民健康素养监测数据,分析15~24岁人群健康素养水平现状及其影响因素。结果经加权调整,2012—2021年间我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平依次为9.43%、9.39%、10.78%、11.45%、12.78%、15.58%、18.45%、22.55%、23.15%和30.46%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,以西部为参照,东部地区15~24岁人群健康素养水平较高,OR值为1.593(95%CI:1.291~1.966);以男性为参照,女性健康素养水平较高,OR值为1.400(95%CI:1.167~1.679);以小学及以下文化程度为参照,大专/本科及以上文化程度者健康素养水平较高,OR值为18.837(95%CI:6.825~51.991);以家庭年收入<2万元者为参照,家庭年收入≥8万元者的健康素养水平较高,OR值为1.321(95%CI:1.011~1.726)。结论我国15~24岁人群健康素养水平在稳步提升,不同地区、性别、文化程度和家庭收入水平是15~24岁人群健康素养水平的主要影响因素。