The fattening pig house with fermentation bed had an area of 2 100 m2, and the area of fermentation bed was 1 900 m2 with a utilization rate of 91.4%, which was 45% higher than that of conventional pig house with surr...The fattening pig house with fermentation bed had an area of 2 100 m2, and the area of fermentation bed was 1 900 m2 with a utilization rate of 91.4%, which was 45% higher than that of conventional pig house with surrounding barrier. There was feeding trough around the house. The water troughs were set in the middle of the fermentation bed and of the feeding trough on the short sides of the house, separating feed and water. There were electric aluminum alloy shutters in both long sides of the house for ventilation, cooling and heat preservation. On both short sides, there were fans and wet curtains. The spray cooling devices were in- stalled outside the roof for cooling. The environmental control in the piggery, includ- ing light, temperature, water, humidity, carbon dioxide and ammonia, was realized to run by computer automatically. The coconut chaff and chaff configuration were used as mattress material, realizing the advantages of fermentation bed, such as no smell, zero emission, high-quality meat, saving labor, controlling disease, no drug residue, producing fertilizer, intelligent control, mechanized operation, etc.展开更多
With northern pig house as study objective,the 3-D numerical simulation of natural ventilation airflow field of five pig houses with different window area was done by using Fluent software,and the comparative analysis...With northern pig house as study objective,the 3-D numerical simulation of natural ventilation airflow field of five pig houses with different window area was done by using Fluent software,and the comparative analysis was carried out on simulation result and measured result.The results showed that the effect of ventilation was decided by the reasonable area ratio of window and earth and the ratio of length and width of window.According to this real pig house in experiment,there are the best uniformity of ventilation and the least area of having no ventilation by 1：10 of the area ratio of the window and earth in the pig houses,the smaller air retention zone by the smaller ratio of length and width of window,the better effect of ventilation;the results of simulation agree well with the results of measured,the max relative error and the average error was 11.1% and 7.7%,so the software of Fluent was proved effective in the numerical simulation of natural ventilation in the pig houses and the optimal design of pig houses＇ structure.展开更多
Marangoni convection and its influence on the mass transter in the liquid phase were investigated. Marangoni convection was visualized using laser Schlieren technique, Orderly polygonal convection patterns and random ...Marangoni convection and its influence on the mass transter in the liquid phase were investigated. Marangoni convection was visualized using laser Schlieren technique, Orderly polygonal convection patterns and random interfacial turbulence were observed. The effect of Marangoni convection on the mass transfer rate was studied by desorbing ethanol from aqneous solution in the falling film. The experimental results show that Marangoni convection can speed up the surface real and enhance the mass transfer rate in the liquid phase.The liquid mass transfer coefficient can be enhanced by as much as 3 folds. The corresponding empirical correlations are given in terms of the mass transfer enhancement factor. Furthermore, in considering the Marangoni effect, the conventional mass transfer correlation was modified, The differences between the values predicted by the correlation and the experimental data are within ±8.2% and the average difference is 4.2%.展开更多
In order to study the distribution laws and types of plastic zone of surrounding rock in large-span roadway, we analyzed the distribution laws with different spans and lateral pressures using FLAC3D numerical calcu- l...In order to study the distribution laws and types of plastic zone of surrounding rock in large-span roadway, we analyzed the distribution laws with different spans and lateral pressures using FLAC3D numerical calcu- lation software. Based on the roadway support difficulty and distribution laws of the plastic zone of sur- rounding rock, we defined the large-span roadway and classified the types of large-span rectangular roadways. As a result, the distribution laws of the plastic zone on surrounding rock in a rectangular roadway with different spans and lateral pressures were obtained. The results show that the area of the plastic zone on surrounding rock increased with the increase of the spans and lateral pressures, and the plastic zone was symmetrical to the center line of roadway. At λ=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, the plastic zone presented ＂addle- shape＂ distribution, ＂ellipse＂ distribution, ＂thin and high＂ distribution and ＂inverse trapezium＂ distribu- tion, respectively. In addition, we classified the roadways into four types according to the different lateral pressures and spans, including small-span, moderate-span, large-span and extreme-large-span roadways.展开更多
The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monito...The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.展开更多
Traditional villages are the foundation of human history, the crystallization of agricultural civilization, the important carder of homeland feelings, and the spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation. In the important...Traditional villages are the foundation of human history, the crystallization of agricultural civilization, the important carder of homeland feelings, and the spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation. In the important period of attaching importance to the protection of traditional villages and making active plans for the protection and development of traditional villages, the planning of conservation has been stereotyped, which only cares about quantity and speed. Every traditional village has its unique value and soul, and ignoring its internal cultural connotation and value characteristics can result in the lack of scientific and comprehensive planning, making it unable not be implemented in practice. In this paper, taking Heshe Village in Jiangxi Province as an example, the value characteristics oriented planning strategy for traditional villages were proposed through the refinement of its value characteristics based on the scientific planning principles.展开更多
Products made by Raschel Jacquard(RSJ)high-speed jacquard warp knitting machine are used in ornament and apparel fabrics.However,most products are produced according to the existing samples.The capability of creative ...Products made by Raschel Jacquard(RSJ)high-speed jacquard warp knitting machine are used in ornament and apparel fabrics.However,most products are produced according to the existing samples.The capability of creative design is not enough at home.In this paper,based on the basic features,the knitting methods and the working principles of warp knitting jacquard machines,the rules for manufacturing jacquard products are summarized.The article provides the new thoughts for the development of fabrics,such as the pattern design,changing the cams,power-net and a special technology of without pillar,which were obtained from the practices in a factory.展开更多
Nine cowsheds were used, the differences between each cowshed are orientation （east-west or north-south）, cooling （with or without）, and height （3 m, 5 m or 8 m height）. Dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, ...Nine cowsheds were used, the differences between each cowshed are orientation （east-west or north-south）, cooling （with or without）, and height （3 m, 5 m or 8 m height）. Dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, dew point, shaded area, air velocity, and maximum temperature were measured beneath each shed. The temperature-humidity index （THI） and the shading efficiency were calculated for each cowshed. The trials were conducted using 180 lactating Holstein Friesian cows; twenty cows housed beneath each shade structure. Measurements performed on cows were respiration rate, skin temperature, and rectal temperature; moreover, the milk produced by each cow was recorded, and the feed intake. High air velocities were recorded under high shade structures which enhance the aeration; consequently, maximum temperatures, and THI recorded beneath high sheds were less than those recorded beneath low sheds; also, skin temperatures, and respiration rates for cows housed under high sheds were less than those measured for animals housed under low sheds（differences were found to be significant）. Thereby, increasing shed height enhances dairy cows＇ microclimate under Egyptian conditions （hot climate）; consequently, the milk production increases. The best orientation is the east-west orientation, which is preferable for hot climates. The exploitation of cooling has significant effect on microclimate, cooling enhances the ambient environment and provides comfortable zone for dairy cows within which cows reach high production levels.展开更多
A general solution including three arbitrary functions is obtained for the (2+1)-dimensional higher-orderBroer-Kaup equation by means of WTC truncation method.Introducing proper multiple valued functions and Jacobiell...A general solution including three arbitrary functions is obtained for the (2+1)-dimensional higher-orderBroer-Kaup equation by means of WTC truncation method.Introducing proper multiple valued functions and Jacobielliptic functions in the seed solution,special types of periodic folded waves are derived.In long wave limit theseperiodic folded wave patterns may degenerate into single localized folded solitary wave excitations.The interactions ofthe periodic folded waves and their degenerated single folded solitary waves are investigated graphically and are foundto be completely elastic.展开更多
基金Supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2012DFA31120)Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31370059)+2 种基金948 Project of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(2011-G25)973 Program Earlier Research Project(2011CB111607)Project of Agriculture Science and Technology Achievement Transformation(2010GB2C400220)~~
文摘The fattening pig house with fermentation bed had an area of 2 100 m2, and the area of fermentation bed was 1 900 m2 with a utilization rate of 91.4%, which was 45% higher than that of conventional pig house with surrounding barrier. There was feeding trough around the house. The water troughs were set in the middle of the fermentation bed and of the feeding trough on the short sides of the house, separating feed and water. There were electric aluminum alloy shutters in both long sides of the house for ventilation, cooling and heat preservation. On both short sides, there were fans and wet curtains. The spray cooling devices were in- stalled outside the roof for cooling. The environmental control in the piggery, includ- ing light, temperature, water, humidity, carbon dioxide and ammonia, was realized to run by computer automatically. The coconut chaff and chaff configuration were used as mattress material, realizing the advantages of fermentation bed, such as no smell, zero emission, high-quality meat, saving labor, controlling disease, no drug residue, producing fertilizer, intelligent control, mechanized operation, etc.
基金Supported by the Development Program of the Science and Technol-ogy Department of Jilin Province (20060205)Key Modern Produc-tion Technology of Safe and Quality Hog in Jilin Province~~
文摘With northern pig house as study objective,the 3-D numerical simulation of natural ventilation airflow field of five pig houses with different window area was done by using Fluent software,and the comparative analysis was carried out on simulation result and measured result.The results showed that the effect of ventilation was decided by the reasonable area ratio of window and earth and the ratio of length and width of window.According to this real pig house in experiment,there are the best uniformity of ventilation and the least area of having no ventilation by 1：10 of the area ratio of the window and earth in the pig houses,the smaller air retention zone by the smaller ratio of length and width of window,the better effect of ventilation;the results of simulation agree well with the results of measured,the max relative error and the average error was 11.1% and 7.7%,so the software of Fluent was proved effective in the numerical simulation of natural ventilation in the pig houses and the optimal design of pig houses＇ structure.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20136010).
文摘Marangoni convection and its influence on the mass transter in the liquid phase were investigated. Marangoni convection was visualized using laser Schlieren technique, Orderly polygonal convection patterns and random interfacial turbulence were observed. The effect of Marangoni convection on the mass transfer rate was studied by desorbing ethanol from aqneous solution in the falling film. The experimental results show that Marangoni convection can speed up the surface real and enhance the mass transfer rate in the liquid phase.The liquid mass transfer coefficient can be enhanced by as much as 3 folds. The corresponding empirical correlations are given in terms of the mass transfer enhancement factor. Furthermore, in considering the Marangoni effect, the conventional mass transfer correlation was modified, The differences between the values predicted by the correlation and the experimental data are within ±8.2% and the average difference is 4.2%.
基金Financial supports are from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (No. 50874104)the Scientific Research Indus-trialization Project of Jiangsu Universities (No. JH07-023)
文摘In order to study the distribution laws and types of plastic zone of surrounding rock in large-span roadway, we analyzed the distribution laws with different spans and lateral pressures using FLAC3D numerical calcu- lation software. Based on the roadway support difficulty and distribution laws of the plastic zone of sur- rounding rock, we defined the large-span roadway and classified the types of large-span rectangular roadways. As a result, the distribution laws of the plastic zone on surrounding rock in a rectangular roadway with different spans and lateral pressures were obtained. The results show that the area of the plastic zone on surrounding rock increased with the increase of the spans and lateral pressures, and the plastic zone was symmetrical to the center line of roadway. At λ=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, the plastic zone presented ＂addle- shape＂ distribution, ＂ellipse＂ distribution, ＂thin and high＂ distribution and ＂inverse trapezium＂ distribu- tion, respectively. In addition, we classified the roadways into four types according to the different lateral pressures and spans, including small-span, moderate-span, large-span and extreme-large-span roadways.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303094)International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(2012DFA31120)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD14B15)
文摘The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.
文摘Traditional villages are the foundation of human history, the crystallization of agricultural civilization, the important carder of homeland feelings, and the spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation. In the important period of attaching importance to the protection of traditional villages and making active plans for the protection and development of traditional villages, the planning of conservation has been stereotyped, which only cares about quantity and speed. Every traditional village has its unique value and soul, and ignoring its internal cultural connotation and value characteristics can result in the lack of scientific and comprehensive planning, making it unable not be implemented in practice. In this paper, taking Heshe Village in Jiangxi Province as an example, the value characteristics oriented planning strategy for traditional villages were proposed through the refinement of its value characteristics based on the scientific planning principles.
文摘Products made by Raschel Jacquard(RSJ)high-speed jacquard warp knitting machine are used in ornament and apparel fabrics.However,most products are produced according to the existing samples.The capability of creative design is not enough at home.In this paper,based on the basic features,the knitting methods and the working principles of warp knitting jacquard machines,the rules for manufacturing jacquard products are summarized.The article provides the new thoughts for the development of fabrics,such as the pattern design,changing the cams,power-net and a special technology of without pillar,which were obtained from the practices in a factory.
文摘Nine cowsheds were used, the differences between each cowshed are orientation （east-west or north-south）, cooling （with or without）, and height （3 m, 5 m or 8 m height）. Dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, dew point, shaded area, air velocity, and maximum temperature were measured beneath each shed. The temperature-humidity index （THI） and the shading efficiency were calculated for each cowshed. The trials were conducted using 180 lactating Holstein Friesian cows; twenty cows housed beneath each shade structure. Measurements performed on cows were respiration rate, skin temperature, and rectal temperature; moreover, the milk produced by each cow was recorded, and the feed intake. High air velocities were recorded under high shade structures which enhance the aeration; consequently, maximum temperatures, and THI recorded beneath high sheds were less than those recorded beneath low sheds; also, skin temperatures, and respiration rates for cows housed under high sheds were less than those measured for animals housed under low sheds（differences were found to be significant）. Thereby, increasing shed height enhances dairy cows＇ microclimate under Egyptian conditions （hot climate）; consequently, the milk production increases. The best orientation is the east-west orientation, which is preferable for hot climates. The exploitation of cooling has significant effect on microclimate, cooling enhances the ambient environment and provides comfortable zone for dairy cows within which cows reach high production levels.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10472063 and 10772110
文摘A general solution including three arbitrary functions is obtained for the (2+1)-dimensional higher-orderBroer-Kaup equation by means of WTC truncation method.Introducing proper multiple valued functions and Jacobielliptic functions in the seed solution,special types of periodic folded waves are derived.In long wave limit theseperiodic folded wave patterns may degenerate into single localized folded solitary wave excitations.The interactions ofthe periodic folded waves and their degenerated single folded solitary waves are investigated graphically and are foundto be completely elastic.
