Multivariate Aggregated NOMA for Resource Aware Wireless Network Communication Security

NonorthogonalMultiple Access(NOMA)is incorporated into the wireless network systems to achieve better connectivity,spectral and energy effectiveness,higher data transfer rate,and also obtain the high quality of services(QoS).In order to improve throughput and minimum latency,aMultivariate Renkonen Regressive Weighted Preference Bootstrap Aggregation based Nonorthogonal Multiple Access(MRRWPBA-NOMA)technique is introduced for network communication.In the downlink transmission,each mobile device’s resources and their characteristics like energy,bandwidth,and trust are measured.Followed by,the Weighted Preference Bootstrap Aggregation is applied to recognize the resource-efficient mobile devices for aware data transmission by constructing the different weak hypotheses i.e.,Multivariate Renkonen Regression functions.Based on the classification,resource and trust-aware devices are selected for transmission.Simulation of the proposed MRRWPBA-NOMA technique and existing methods are carried out with different metrics such as data delivery ratio,throughput,latency,packet loss rate,and energy efficiency,signaling overhead.The simulation results assessment indicates that the proposed MRRWPBA-NOMA outperforms well than the conventional methods.

Guest Editorial Special Issue on Network and Communication Security

Because of the advanced developments in information technology and networking, a user can easily communicate with others via the Internet. In daily life, users can buy a lot of products through the e-commerce market. Thus, how to protect users＇ private data from being compromised on the Internet has become a very important research issue in recent years.

Announcing a Special Issue on Network and Communication Security

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology （JEST） invites manuscript submissions in the area of Network and Communication Security （NCS）. This special issue of JEST will focus on recent theoretical and application achievements in NCS. It is intended to highlight and summarize the major developments that have occurred over the past few years. Topic scopes to be covered include：

Energy-efficient joint UAV secure communication and 3D trajectory optimization assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in the presence of eavesdroppers

We consider a scenario where an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),a typical unmanned aerial system(UAS),transmits confidential data to a moving ground target in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers.Multiple friendly reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs) help to secure the UAV-target communication and improve the energy efficiency of the UAV.We formulate an optimization problem to minimize the energy consumption of the UAV,subject to the mobility constraint of the UAV and that the achievable secrecy rate at the target is over a given threshold.We present an online planning method following the framework of model predictive control(MPC) to jointly optimize the motion of the UAV and the configurations of the RISs.The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via computer simulations.

Trust-based co-operative routing for secure communication in mobile ad hoc networks

The working of a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork(MANET)relies on the supportive cooperation among the network nodes.But due to its intrinsic features,a misbehaving node can easily lead to a routing disorder.This paper presents two trust-based routing schemes,namely Trust-based Self-Detection Routing(TSDR)and Trust-based Cooperative Routing(TCOR)designed with an Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV)protocol.The proposed work covers a wide range of security challenges,including malicious node identification and prevention,accurate trust quantification,secure trust data sharing,and trusted route maintenance.This brings a prominent solution for mitigating misbehaving nodes and establishing efficient communication in MANET.It is empirically validated based on a performance comparison with the current Evolutionary Self-Cooperative Trust(ESCT)scheme,Generalized Trust Model(GTM),and the conventional AODV protocol.The extensive simulations are conducted against three different varying network scenarios.The results affirm the improved values of eight popular performance metrics overcoming the existing routing schemes.Among the two proposed works,TCOR is more suitable for highly scalable networks;TSDR suits,however,the MANET application better with its small size.This work thus makes a significant contribution to the research community,in contrast to many previous works focusing solely on specific security aspects,and results in a trade-off in the expected values of evaluation parameters and asserts their efficiency.

A Communication Security Protocol of Mobile Agent System

The security issues of mobile agent system have embarrassed its widespread implementation. The paper analyses communication security threats and countermeasures of mobile agent system and proposes a communication security protocol of mobile agent system. It provides multifactor authentication, encryption transmission, and integrity protection of mobile agent.

Remote Access Communications Security: Analysis of User Authentication Roles in Organizations

Remote access is a means of accessing resources outside one’s immediate physical location. This has made employee mobility more effective and productive for most organizations. Remote access can be achieved via various channels of remote communication, the most common being Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). The demand for remote access is on the rise, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, and will continue to increase as most organizations are re-structuring to make telecommuting a permanent part of their mode of operation. Employee mobility, while presenting organizations with some advantages, comes with the associated risk of exposing corporate cyber assets to attackers. The remote user and the remote connectivity technology present some vulnerabilities which can be exploited by any threat agent to violate the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) dimensions of these cyber assets. So, how are users and remote devices authenticated? To what extent is the established connection secured? With employee mobility on the rise, it is necessary to analyze the user authentication role since the mobile employee is not under the monitoring radar of the organization, and the environment from which the mobile employee connects may be vulnerable. In this study, an experiment was setup to ascertain the user authentication roles. The experiment showed the process of 2FA in user authentication and it proved to be an effective means of improving user authentication during remote access. This was depicted via the use of what the user has (mobile phone/soft-token) as a second factor in addition to what the user knows, i.e. password. This authentication method overcomes the security weaknesses inherent in single-factor user authentication via the use of password only. However, the results also showed that though 2FA user authentication ensures security, the remote devices could exhibit further vulnerabilities and pose serious risks to the organization. Thus, a varied implementation was recommended to further enhance the security of remote access communication with regards to the remote user authentication.

The Security Analysis of Two-Step Quantum Direct Communication Protocol in Collective-Rotation Noise Channel

To analyze the security of two-step quantum direct communication protocol （QDCP） by using Einstein-Podolsky Rosen pair proposed by Deng et al. [Phys. Rev. A 68 （2003）042317] in collective-rotation noise channel, an excellent model of noise analysis is proposed. In the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and is compared with QDCP, an error rate point Qo（M ： （Q0, 1.0）） is given. In different noise levels, if Eve wants to obtain the same amount of information, the error rate Q is distinguishable. The larger the noise level ~ is, the larger the error rate Q is. When the noise level ~ is lower than 11%, the high error rate is 0.153 without eavesdropping. Lastly, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. It turns out that the quantum channel will be safe when Q 〈 0.153. Similarly, if error rate Q〉 0.153 = Q0, eavesdropping information I 〉 1, which means that there exist eavesdroppers in the quantum channel, and the quantum channel will not be safe anymore.

RIS Assisted Dual-Function Radar and Secure Communications Based on Frequency-Shifted Chirp Spread Spectrum Index Modulation

Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)assisted dual-function radar communications(DFRC)system is a promising integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)technology for future 6G.In this paper,we propose a scheme of RIS-assisted DFRC system based on frequency shifted chirp spread spectrum index modulation(RDFI)for secure communications.The proposed RDFI achieves the sensing and transmission of target location information in its radar and communication modes,respectively.In both modes,the frequency-shifted chirp spread spectrum index modulation(FSCSS-IM)signal is used as the baseband signal for radar and communications,so that the signal sent by the radar also carries information.This scheme implements the RIS-assisted beamforming in the communication mode through the azimuth information of the target acquired in the radar mode,so that the signal received from the eavesdropper is distorted in amplitude and phase.In addition,this paper analyzes the radar measurement accuracy and communication security of the FSCSS-IM signal using ambiguity function and secrecy rate(SR)analysis,respectively.Simulation results show that RDFI achieves both excellent bit error rate(BER)performance and physical layer security of communications.

Improving the security of secure deterministic communication scheme based on quantum remote state preparation

The security of the quantum secure deterministic communication scheme [Chin. Phys.16 （2007） 2549] is reexamined. A security loophole is pointed out. Taking advantage of this loophole, an eavesdropper can steal all the secret messages without being detected by an intercept-and-resend attack strategy. Furthermore, a possible improvement on this protocol is presented. It makes the modified protocol secure against this kind of attack.

ZTE Communications Special Issue on Security and Privacy in Communications

Modern communication allows billions of objects in the physical world as well as virtual environments to exchange data with each other in an autonomous way so as to create smart environments. However, modern communication also introduces new challenges for the security of systems and processes and the privacy of individuals. There is an increasing demand for development of new security and privacy approaches to guarantee the security, privacy, integ- rity, and availability of resources in modern communication.

System Design Of Security Evaluation For Data Link Communications

Data link communication requires data communication process must have reliability, availability, confidentiality, availability, integrity, non-repudiation, controllability.This has a great effect to ensure the normal communication functions.In this paper the author on the basis of many years of work experience, first discussed the establishment of a risk assessment system data link,then focused on the problem of index weight assessment.To data communication security, this research article will provide some references.

Security for Industrial Communication Systems

B. Remote Access to Stand-Alone Embedded Systems Industrial controllers, especially for power system and transportation applications, are often deployed as stand-alone systems in a geographically dispersed area. Maintenance and service costs of stand-alone embedded systems can be reduced when they can be

Security for Industrial Communication Systems

B. Network Architectures This section describes the main types of industrial and utility communication network topologies and protocols, in preparation for the discussion of specific security issues in the later sections. Communication networks for industrial automation are typically built in hierarchi-

Security for Industrial Communication Systems

D.Security on the Field Bus and Device Level As described in SectionⅢ-B,Fig.2,in- dustrial communication networks involve a number of levels.The lowest level\is closest to the application specific devices such as sensors,meters,and actuators.A large number of specialized and partly proprietary commu- nication systems,media,and protocols can be found on this level.Most were developed at a time when security issues were of lesser con- cern than today,and when no practical secu- rity measures were available.

Physical Layer Security for Wireless and Quantum Communications

his special issue is dedicated to security problems in wireless and quan-turn communications. Papers for this issue were invited, and after peer review, eight were selected for publication. The first part of this issue comprises four papers on recent advances in physical layer security forwireless networks. The second Part comprises another four papers on quantum com- munications.

Security for Industrial Communication Systems

E. Security of Embedded Systems for Industrial Control and Communication Industrial automation controllers are typically implemented on embedded computers. Such embedded systems have to cope with restrictions on cost, real-time performance, power consumption, and other constraints which are even more demanding than in large workstations. A reference discusses these aspects with the example of a thermostat con-

SCIM: Incorporating secure communication and interference management in one operation

Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communications,users’data transmitted wirelessly is susceptible to security/privacy threats.Meanwhile,as a result of the limitation of spectrum resources,massive wireless connections will incur serious interference,which may damage the efficiency of data transmission.Therefore,improving both efficiency and secrecy of data transmission is of research significance.In this paper,we propose a wireless transmission scheme by taking both Secure Communication(SC)and Interference Management(IM)into account,namely SCIM.With this scheme,an SCIM signal is generated by the legitimate transmitter(Tx)and sent along with the desired signal,so that the SCIM signal can interact with and suppress the environmental interference at the legitimate receiver(Rx).Meanwhile,the SCIM signal may interfere with the eavesdropper in the coverage of legitimate transmission so as to deteriorate the eavesdropping performance.Therefore,the secrecy of desired transmission is improved.In this way,both the transmission efficiency and privacy are enhanced.Then,by taking various transmission preferences into account,we develop different implementations of SCIM,including Interference Suppression First SCIM(ISF-SCIM),Data Transmission First SCIM(DTF-SCIM),Anti-Eavesdropping First SCIM(AEF-SCIM),and Secrecy Rate Maximization SCIM(SRM-SCIM).Our in-depth simulation results have shown the proposed methods to effectively improve the efficiency and secrecy of the legitimate transmission.

Secure vehicular data communication in Named Data Networking

Vehicular data misuse may lead to traffic accidents and even loss of life,so it is crucial to achieve secure vehicular data communications.This paper focuses on secure vehicular data communications in the Named Data Networking(NDN).In NDN,names,provider IDs and data are transmitted in plaintext,which exposes vehicular data to security threats and leads to considerable data communication costs and failure rates.This paper proposes a Secure vehicular Data Communication(SDC)approach in NDN to supress data communication costs and failure rates.SCD constructs a vehicular backbone to reduce the number of authenticated nodes involved in reverse paths.Only the ciphtertext of the name and data is included in the signed Interest and Data and transmitted along the backbone,so the secure data communications are achieved.SCD is evaluated,and the data results demonstrate that SCD achieves the above objectives.

Task Offloading and Trajectory Optimization in UAV Networks:A Deep Reinforcement Learning Method Based on SAC and A-Star

In mobile edge computing,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)equipped with computing servers have emerged as a promising solution due to their exceptional attributes of high mobility,flexibility,rapid deployment,and terrain agnosticism.These attributes enable UAVs to reach designated areas,thereby addressing temporary computing swiftly in scenarios where ground-based servers are overloaded or unavailable.However,the inherent broadcast nature of line-of-sight transmission methods employed by UAVs renders them vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks.Meanwhile,there are often obstacles that affect flight safety in real UAV operation areas,and collisions between UAVs may also occur.To solve these problems,we propose an innovative A*SAC deep reinforcement learning algorithm,which seamlessly integrates the benefits of Soft Actor-Critic(SAC)and A*(A-Star)algorithms.This algorithm jointly optimizes the hovering position and task offloading proportion of the UAV through a task offloading function.Furthermore,our algorithm incorporates a path-planning function that identifies the most energy-efficient route for the UAV to reach its optimal hovering point.This approach not only reduces the flight energy consumption of the UAV but also lowers overall energy consumption,thereby optimizing system-level energy efficiency.Extensive simulation results demonstrate that,compared to other algorithms,our approach achieves superior system benefits.Specifically,it exhibits an average improvement of 13.18%in terms of different computing task sizes,25.61%higher on average in terms of the power of electromagnetic wave interference intrusion into UAVs emitted by different auxiliary UAVs,and 35.78%higher on average in terms of the maximum computing frequency of different auxiliary UAVs.As for path planning,the simulation results indicate that our algorithm is capable of determining the optimal collision-avoidance path for each auxiliary UAV,enabling them to safely reach their designated endpoints in diverse obstacle-ridden environments.