Sutured scleral fixation of existing subluxated/dislocated acrylic one-piece intraocular lenses

AIM:To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes in cases after sutured scleral fixation of existing subluxated or dislocated acrylic one-piece intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This study retrospectively enrolled a consecutive series of patients who underwent a surgery of sutured existing subluxated or dislocated IOLs from October 2018 to June 2020.All patients underwent comprehensive preoperative and postoperative ophthalmologic examination,and data were collected including age,sex,surgical indications,best-corrected visual acuity,refractive error,intraocular pressure.Presence of intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications was documented.RESULTS:A total of 20 consecutive cases were enrolled for analysis with mean final follow-up period 9.8±5.3mo.Visual acuity improved from a mean of 0.35(0.46±0.32 logMAR)preoperatively to 0.61(0.21±0.18 logMAR)at the 3-month follow-up(P=0.002).The mean amount of preoperative keratometric astigmatism and total postoperative refractive astigmatism was-1.24±0.80 diopters(D)and-1.42±0.97 D,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative astigmatism(P=0.156).The mean IOL-induced astigmatism was-0.23±0.53 D.The mean spherical equivalent at the 3-month follow-up was-0.1±0.94 D.No major complications were noted during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:Surgical techniques using sutured scleral fixation of existing subluxated or dislocated acrylic one-piece IOLs result in favorable visual and refractive outcomes without major complications.

Spontaneous dislocation of a toric implantable collamer lens resulting in corneal endothelial decompensation:a case report and review of the literature

Dear Editor We present a case of spontaneous dislocation of a toric implantable collamer lens(TICL)resulting in corneal endothelial decompensation 8y after implantation.Since 2006,by helping people take off their glasses,the Visian TICL(Staar Surgical Co,Monrovia,CA,USA)have gained popularity in China.Though complications of intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation,cataract formation and endothelial damage exist as relevant problems,implantable collamer lens(ICL)implantation has been generally accepted as a viable option to correct moderate to high ametropia[1-2].

Summary of Home Nursing for Lens Dislocation Among Patients with Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is a rare genetic disease,and the condition of most patients deteriorates with age.The lesions are mainly cardiovascular,skeletal,and ocular lesions.Its clinical manifestations are characterized by congenital heart disease,ectopic lens,slender body,slender limbs,spider fingers(toes),and general muscle dysplasia.In the early stage of this disease,when the symptoms are not yet clearly manifested,some patients came to the hospital for treatment due to decreased vision.According to the particularity of crystal dislocation patients with Marfan syndrome,this article provides home nursing education in terms of physiological and psychological aspects,and builds an effective home nursing model to promote the physical and mental recovery of patients.

Intraocular lens exchange or explantation post cataract surgery

AIM:To report incidence,indications,and visual outcomes of intraocular lens(IOL)exchange/explantation surgery.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 60 eyes requiring IOL exchange/explantation surgery between 1^(st) January 2017 and 31^(st) December 2022.The overall outcomes as well as comparison between the trainee versus experienced surgeons were analyzed.RESULTS:Out of 39778 cataract surgeries(with no preexisting ocular co-morbidities)during a six-year period(2017-2022),60(0.15%)needed IOL exchange/explantation.Surgeons-under-training performed 36/60 cases(60%)while 24/60(40%)were by experienced surgeons.The commonest indication was subluxated IOL in 26(43.3%),followed by dislocated IOL in 20(33.3%),postoperative refractive surprise in 7(11.6%),IOL induced uveitis in five and broken haptic in two eyes.Twenty-four(40%)eyes had intraoperative complications during primary surgery.Posterior chamber IOL(PCIOL)was the commonest secondary IOL in 21(35%)eyes,scleral fixated in 20(31.6%),anterior chamber IOL(ACIOL)in 13(21.6%),iris fixated IOL in three(5%)and three eyes(5%)were left aphakic.The mean time between primary and secondary surgery was 168d(168±338.8).Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of>20/60 was obtained in 43 eyes(71.66%),20/80-20/200 in 14(23.33%),20/250 in two and hand movements in one.No statistically significant difference in visual outcome was noted at post-op one month between trainees versus experienced surgeons(UCVA 0.45±0.29 vs 0.53±0.32,P=0.20,BCVA 0.34±0.25 vs 0.37±0.26,P=0.69).CONCLUSION:IOL subluxation as the commonest indication and posterior capsular rupture is the commonest intraoperative risk factor.This complication can be effectively addressed with selection of the appropriate secondary IOL achieving good visual outcomes in over 70% of patients.

High density dislocations enhance creep ageing response and mechanical properties in 2195 alloy sheet

The creep strain of conventionally treated 2195 alloy is very low,increasing the difficulty of manufacturing Al-Cu-Li alloy sheet parts by creep age forming.Therefore,finding a solution to improve the creep formability of Al-Cu-Li alloy is vital.A thorough comparison of the effects of cryo-deformation and ambient temperature large pre-deformation(LPD)on the creep ageing response in the 2195 alloy sheet at 160℃with different stresses has been made.The evolution of dislocations and precipitates during creep ageing of LPD alloys are revealed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.High-quality 2195 alloy sheet largely pre-deformed by 80%without edge-cracking is obtained by cryo-rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature,while severe edge-cracking occurs during room temperature rolling.The creep formability and strength of the 2195 alloy are both enhanced by introducing pre-existing dislocations with a density over 1.4×10^(15)m^(−2).At 160℃and 150 MPa,creep strain and creep-aged strength generally increases by 4−6 times and 30−50 MPa in the LPD sample,respectively,compared to conventional T3 alloy counterpart.The elongation of creep-aged LPD sample is low but remains relevant for application.The high-density dislocations,though existing in the form of dislocation tangles,promote the formation of refined T1 precipitates with a uniform dispersion.

Early clinical outcome with lens position adjustment following implantable collamer lens surgery

AIM:To observe early clinical outcome with lens position adjustment following the implantable collamer lens(ICL)surgery.METHODS:Sixty patients were selected for this retrospective study.One eye from each patient received Toric ICL for astigmatism correction,and the other received non-astigmatic ICL surgery using horizontal position.Patients with higher postoperative arch height were selected,and their non-astigmatic eye clinical outcome were observed after ICL surgery at 1wk,1,and 3mo.The clinical measurements included uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive state,corneal endothelium cell count,and arch height.Three months later,the ICL in each patient’s non-astigmatic eye was adjusted to the vertical from the horizontal position.The results were compared before and 1wk,1,and 3mo after adjustment.RESULTS:UCVA and IOP were significantly reduced 1wk after position adjustment compared to 1wk after ICL implantation(P<0.05).The patients demonstrated significantly reduced arch height and corneal endothelium cell count 1wk,1,and 3mo after adjusting position compared to 1wk,1,and 3mo after ICL implantation(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in refraction between 1wk,1,and 3mo after ICL implantation and position adjustment(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Early positioning adjustment postphakic ICL implantation can benefit patients with adjusted arch height or higher IOP.Despite the good clinical effects,the doctors should pay attention to the potential for adverse effects on UCVA and corneal endothelium cells following early position adjustment after posterior chamber phakic ICL implantation.

Evaluating the Effects of Graviton Redshift upon Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curves, Surface Brightness Magnitudes and Gravitational Lensing

The effects of the gravitational redshift of gravitons upon spiral galaxy rotation energy are compared to the standard mass to light analyses in obtaining rotation curves. The derivation of the total baryonic matter compares well with the standard theory and the rotation velocity is matched to a high precision. The stellar mass distributions obtained from the fit with graviton energy loss are used to derive the surface brightness magnitudes for the galaxies, which agree well with the observed measurements. In a new field of investigation, the graviton theory is applied to the observations of gravitational lenses. The results of these applications of the theory suggest that it can augment the standard methods and may eliminate the need for dark matter.

Neglected congenital bilateral knee dislocation treated by quadricepsplasty with semitendinosus and sartorius transfer:A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital knee dislocation(CKD)is a rare condition,which accounts for 1%of congenital hip dislocations.It can present as an isolated condition or coexist with other genetic disorders.Treatment options include serial casting,percutaneous quadriceps recession,and V-Y quadricepsplasty(VYQ).The pathogenesis and hereditary patterns of CKD are not fully understood,with most cases being familial.CKD is usually managed immediately after birth.However,in this report,the patient was neglected for 2 years.CASE SUMMARY A 2-year-old girl with bilateral CKD after birth presented to our hospital after failed serial casting;the patient had seizures and limited access to healthcare because of her family’s low socioeconomic status.Her birth was noted for a breech presentation accompanied by oligohydramnios.The delivery took a long time,requiring immediate medical interventions.As an infant,she had chronic diseases,including a small patent ductus arteriole,multicystic dysplastic kidney disease,and epilepsy.She was found to have a bilateral knee dislocation of approximately-90°on hyperextension.A multidisciplinary team was involved,and medical care was optimized.She underwent VYQ plus semitendinosus and sartorius transfer.After four postoperative follow-ups,her knees were regaining mobility,and she could walk for 2-3 steps without assistance.CONCLUSION This report highlights the importance of early intervention and recommends extensive studies of the management in similar cases.

Elbow Dislocation in Children: About Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Background: Elbow dislocations in pediatric patients are rare injuries. This is a therapeutic emergency because a delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences on the functional level of the upper limb. Objective: To present the management of elbow dislocation in children in cases of limited resources. Presentation of the Cases: These were 2 older male children aged 7 and 9 years old, admitted to the emergency room for painful functional impotence of the right elbow after a fall and landing on the right hand. Clinical and radiological examinations were in favor of posterior elbow dislocations. The reductions were carried out under sedation and immobilization in Jersey. According to Robert’s criteria, the functional result was excellent in both patients. Conclusion: Emergency reduction and immobilization whatever the means ensure an excellent functional prognosis even in cases of limited resources.

Biocompatibility of light responsive materials prepared for accommodative intraocular lenses manufacturing

AIM:To investigate the biocompatibility and bacterial adhesion properties of light responsive materials(LRM)and analyze the feasibility and biosafety of employing LRM in the preparation of accommodative intraocular lenses(AIOLs).METHODS:Employing fundamental experimental research techniques,LRM with human lens epithelial cells(hLECs)and human retinal pigment epithelium cells(ARPE-19 cells)were co-cultured.Commercially available intraocular lenses(IOLs)were used as controls to perform cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),cell staining under varying light intensities,cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion experiments.RESULTS:LRM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ARPE19 cells than commercially available IOLs when co-cultured with the undiluted extract for 96h(P<0.05).Under other culturing conditions,the effects on the proliferation of hLECs and ARPE-19 cells were not significantly different between the two materials.Under the influence of light irradiation at intensities of 200 and 300 mW/cm^(2),LRM demonstrated a markedly higher inhibitory effect on the survival of hLECs compared to commercially available IOLs(P<0.0001).They also showed a stronger suppressive effect on the survival rate of ARPE-19 cells,with significant differences observed at 200 mW/cm^(2)(P<0.001)and extremely significant differences at 300 mW/cm^(2)(P<0.0001).Additionally,compared to commercially available IOLs,LRM had a higher number of cells adhering to their surface(P<0.05),as well as a significantly greater number of adherent bacterium(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:LRM,characterized by their excellent non-contact tunable deformability and low cytotoxicity to ocular tissues,show considerable potential for use in the fabrication of AIOLs.These materials demonstrate strong cell adhesion;however,during photothermal conversion processes involving shape deformation under various light intensities,the resultant temperature rise may harm surrounding cells.These factors suggest that while the material plays a positive role in reducing the incidence of posterior capsule opacification(PCO),it also poses potential risks for retinal damage.Additionally,the strong bacterial adhesion of these materials indicates an increased risk of endophthalmitis.

Modeling monocular form deprivation in rabbits using a simulated-cataract intraocular lens

AIM:To establish an animal model of form deprivation amblyopia based on a simulated cataract intraocular lens(IOLs).METHODS:Poly(dimethyl siloxane)-SiO_(2) thin films(PSF)with different degrees of opacity as IOL materials were prepared.The light transmission of the PSF-IOL was measured,and its in vitro biosafety was determined by cell counting kit(CCK)-8 assay using the HLEC-B3 cell line and ARPE-19 cell line.Subsequently,the in vivo safety was determined by implanting the PSF-IOL with 10%wt SiO_(2) into the right eyes of New Zealand white rabbits(PSF-IOL group),and compared with two control groups:contralateral comparison group and normal control(NC)group(Contralateral comparison group:the fellow eye;NC group:a group of binocular normal rabbits without intervention).The flash visual-evoked potentials(F-VEPs)were measured to verify amblyopia.RESULTS:PSFs containing 0,2%,and 10%wt SiO_(2) were successfully constructed.The 0 SiO_(2) PSF was transparent,while the 10%wt SiO_(2) PSF was completely opaque.It was found that PSF did not induce unwanted cytotoxicity in HLECs and ARPE19 cells in vitro.In vitro,PSF-IOL with 10%wt SiO_(2) was also non-toxic,and no significant inflammation or structural changes occurred after four weeks of PSF-IOL implantation.Finally,our IOL-simulated congenital cataract rabbit detected by F-VEPs suggested tentative amblyopia.CONCLUSION:A PSF-IOL that mimics cataracts is created.A novel form deprivation model is created by the IOL-simulated congenital cataract rabbit.It can be developed fast and stable and holds great potential for future study.

Clinical prediction of insufficient vaults after implantable collamer lens implantation

AIM:To determine the factors related to preoperative ocular characters that are predictive of insufficient vault(<250μm)after implantable collamer lens(ICL V4c;STAAR Surgical)implantation.METHODS:The participants underwent ICL surgery and were divided into the low(<250μm)and normal(250-1000μm)vault groups based on the postoperative vault at 3mo.The preoperative biometric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.The relationship between the 3-month vault values and preoperative ocular parameters were evaluated by Generalized estimating equations.RESULTS:Sixteen(23 eyes)and 36 patients(63 eyes)were in the low and normal vault groups,respectively.All implantation procedures were uneventful with no cataract formation in the early postoperative period.The sulcusto-sulcus lens rise(STSL)and iris ciliary angle(ICA)were correlated with vault at 3mo after surgery.Every 0.1 mm increase in STSL was associated with 38.9μm decrease in the postoperative 3-month vault.A rise of 1 degree in ICA is associated with a reduction of 4μm in vault.CONCLUSION:Eyes with a narrow ciliary sulcus are associated with a higher rate of low vault after ICL implantation,suggesting a need for adjustments to the ICL size in these patients.Evaluating the characteristics of the ciliary sulcus contributes valuable information to predict low vault after surgery.

Roughness characterization and shearing dislocation failure for rock-backfill interface

Shearing dislocation is a common failure type for rock–backfill interfaces because of backfill sedimentation and rock strata movement in backfill mining goaf.This paper designed a test method for rock–backfill shearing dislocation.Using digital image techno-logy and three-dimensional(3D)laser morphology scanning techniques,a set of 3D models with rough joint surfaces was established.Further,the mechanical behavior of rock–backfill shearing dislocation was investigated using a direct shear test.The effects of interface roughness on the shear–displacement curve and failure characteristics of rock–backfill specimens were considered.The 3D fractal dimen-sion,profile line joint roughness coefficient(JRC),profile line two-dimensional fractal dimension,and the surface curvature of the frac-tures were obtained.The correlation characterization of surface roughness was then analyzed,and the shear strength could be measured and calculated using JRC.The results showed the following:there were three failure threshold value points in rock–backfill shearing dis-location:30%–50%displacement before the peak,70%–90%displacement before the peak,and 100%displacement before the peak to post-peak,which could be a sign for rock–backfill shearing dislocation failure.The surface JRC could be used to judge the rock–backfill shearing dislocation failure,including post-peak sliding,uniform variations,and gradient change,corresponding to rock–backfill disloca-tion failure on the field site.The research reveals the damage mechanism for rock–backfill complexes based on the free joint surface,fills the gap of existing shearing theoretical systems for isomerism complexes,and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of possible disasters in backfill mining.

Effects of interstitial cluster mobility on dislocation loops evolution under irradiation of austenitic steel

The evolution of dislocation loops in austenitic steels irradiated with Fe^(+)is investigated using cluster dynamics(CD)simulations by developing a CD model.The CD predictions are compared with experimental results in the literature.The number density and average diameter of the dislocation loops obtained from the CD simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observations of Fe~+-irradiated Solution Annealed 304,Cold Worked 316,and HR3 austenitic steels in the literature.The CD simulation results demonstrate that the diffusion of in-cascade interstitial clusters plays a major role in the dislocation loop density and dislocation loop growth;in particular,for the HR3 austenitic steel,the CD model has verified the effect of temperature on the density and size of the dislocation loops.

Intraocular lens selection in diabetic patients:How to increase the odds for success

The incidence of cataracts is significantly higher in diabetic individuals,particularly in younger age groups,with rates quadrupled in those under 65 and doubled in those over 65 compared to non-diabetics.Cataract surgery in diabetic patients poses many challenges:Poor epithelial healing,decreased corneal sensitivity,increased central corneal thickness,decreased endothelial cell count,variable topography,poor pupillary dilatation,anterior capsular phimosis,posterior capsular opacification(PCO),chances of progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR),zonular weakness,and vitreous prolapse and diabetic macular edema.Selection of an appropriate intraocular lens(IOL)is crucial for visual rehabilitation and monitoring DR.The choice of IOL in diabetic cataract patients is a challenging scenario.Square-edge IOLs are favored for their capacity to mitigate PCO,whereas hydrophilic counterparts may incur calcification in the setting of proliferative DR.The advisability of premium IOLs for achieving spectacle independence warrants judicious evaluation,particularly in the presence of advanced retinopathy.Optimal IOL placement within the capsular bag is advocated to minimize postoperative complications.Rigorous preoperative assessment and informed patient counseling regarding IOL options are indispensable for optimizing surgical outcomes.This review article covers various aspects regarding the choice of IOLs in different case scenarios and complications in the diabetic population.

C1C2 Wiring and Posttraumatic Atlantoaxial Dislocation: An Effective and Cheap Surgical Procedure in a Developing Country

Objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation remains a rare and serious condition with a high preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Its successful surgical management is still challenging and gratifying for neurosurgeons. Several technics have been described such as wiring, trans articular screwing, C1C2 screwing with plate and screw introduced by Goel et al., and modified by insertion of polyaxially screw and rod many years later by Harms. Unavailability and expensiveness of upper cervical spine instrumentation device led us to C1C2 Wiring resulting in a good outcome. Finally, a quadriplegic patient with a more comfortable financial condition had ordered devices from abroad and benefit for Goel and Harms screwing technique and improved dramatically from ASIA A to ASIA E. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients managed in our department by a same neurosurgeon from January 2019 to April 2024. Results: We defined 6 men and 1 woman with an average age of 33 years. Unrestrained driver in a rollover motor vehicle accident was most common. Only one patient was neurologically intact on admission. Neurovegetative disorders were noticed in one patient. Dislocation was associated to a fracture of the dens in two patients. Three patients have been successfully operated with remarkable outcome, mostly from ASIA A to E. Conclusion: C1C2 dislocation is a serious condition and C1C2 Wiring represents an effective and cheaper technic. Therefore, this technic should deserve consideration above all in low incomes countries when screwing devices are not available. Seatbelt should be demanded for motor vehicle drivers and passengers.

Testicular dislocation:A rare complication of scrotal trauma

Scrotal trauma,though uncommon,can have severe consequences,and one such complication is testicular dislocation.This occurs when the testicle is displaced from its normal anatomical position within the scrotum due to a traumatic event.Understanding the mechanisms,diagnosis,and management of testicular dislocation is paramount in providing optimal care for affected individuals[1].Traumatic incidents,such as sports injuries,motor vehicle accidents,or direct blows to the scrotum,can result in testicular trauma[2].The condition demands immediate medical attention to prevent further complications,including vascular compromise and testicular ischemia.Diagnosing testicular dislocation involves a thorough physical examination and often necessitates imaging studies,such as ultrasound,to precisely determine the extent of the displacement and assess potential vascular compromise.Once diagnosed,prompt intervention is crucial to reposition the dislocated testicle and restore blood flow.Treatment options may include manual reduction or surgical intervention,depending on the severity of the dislocation and associated injuries[3].Close monitoring in the post-treatment period is essential to identify and manage any complications promptly.

Impact of multifocal gas-permeable lens designs on short-term choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

AIM:To investigate the impact of multifocal gas permeable contact lens(MFGPCL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term changes of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young adults.METHODS:Seventeen young adults(2 males and 15 females;age 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in between.Total of four MFGPCL designs were assessed.All designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;design A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of MFGPCL daily wear.ChT was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldomain optical coherence tomography.RESULTS:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens C,-18±27μm with lens D,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all P<0.05).A significant overall increase in ChT was observed with all 4 designs(lens A:+6±6μm,B:+3±7μm,C:+8±7μm,and D:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening associated with MFGPCL.All designs induced significant relative peripheral myopia(RPM)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:MFGPCLs show a significant influence on ChT and AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPM after short-term wear.The reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term changes in ChT support its use as a promising marker for the long-term efficacy of myopia-controlling treatments.

Moiré superlattices arising from growth induced by screw dislocations in layered materials

Moiré superlattices(MSLs) are modulated structures produced from homogeneous or heterogeneous two-dimensional layers stacked with a twist angle and/or lattice mismatch. Enriching the methods for fabricating MSL and realizing the unique emergent properties are key challenges in its investigation. Here we recommend that the spiral dislocation driven growth is another optional method for the preparation of high quality MSL samples. The spiral structure stabilizes the constant out-of-plane lattice distance, causing the variations in electronic and optical properties. Taking SnS_(2) MSL as an example, we find prominent properties including large band gap reduction(~ 0.4 e V) and enhanced optical activity. Firstprinciples calculations reveal that these unusual properties can be ascribed to the locally enhanced interlayer interaction associated with the Moiré potential modulation. We believe that the spiral dislocation driven growth would be a powerful method to expand the MSL family and broaden their scope of application.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens

AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment methods and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens(ICL).METHODS:High myopia patients who received treatment for nontraumatic RRD after ICL implantation surgery at the Retinal Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 were reviewed.Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity measurement and digital fundus photography were performed in each patient.RESULTS:A total of nine RRD eyes from nine patients who received V4c-ICL implantation were included.The mean time from ICL implantation surgery to the diagnosis of RRD was 32.44±22.56mo(range,1-60mo).At the initial visit for RRD,giant retinal tear(GRT),horseshoe tear,simple round hole,and horseshoe tear combined with round hole were detected in 3,3,2,and 1 eye(s),respectively,with maculaoff in eyes.Eight patients received surgical treatment,and one patient was treated by retinal laser photocoagulation alone.The ICL was preserved in 7 eyes.At the last followup,the mean best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)improved significantly from 1.76±1.06 logMAR at presentation to 0.81±1.01 logMAR(P=0.035),and no case of recurrent retinal detachment was found.CONCLUSION:The morphological presentation of retinal breaks is diverse in this study.The ICL can be preserved in most cases during the course of retinal detachment repair surgery in our data,companied with acceptable visual and anatomical outcomes.