谢谢你，《作文》

我今年才上初一，《作文》就看了三年了，有一个教中学语文的爸爸，我也就幸运地有了一大堆的《作文》。 儿时，总记得爸爸会带一本封面十分漂亮的薄书回来，坐在书房里，手中拿一支红笔圈圈画画的。每当我好奇地凑过去看时，爸爸总是一脸笑容地对我说：“再等等吧，马上你就可以和爸爸一起阅读了!”我听话地期待着……

《作文》我们的乐园

当我捧读您——《作文》，这样一份充满呵护之情的杂志时怎能不由衷地心生感激之情，因为是您用宽阔的胸怀接纳并实现着一个文学少年的“作家”之梦。

Relationship between Rice Cultural Diversity and Ecological Environment in Yunnan Province of China

[Objective] This paper aims to confirm that Yunnan is one origin center of rice and human in the world.[Method] The complicated and unique ecological environment in Yunnan makes Yunnan Province the largest center of genetic diversity and cultural diversity of rice and human being as well as the cradle of human childhood.[Result] The genetic diversity and cultural diversity of rice and human being is closely related to the ecosystem diversity.Rice civilization in Yunnan can be divided into four types,including the diversity center region of rice civilization in southwestern Yunnan,diffusion region of rice civilization of Hani-Zhuang in southern Yunnan,rice civilization region of water-drought rotation in central Yunnan and poverty region of rice civilization in northern Yunnan.Southwestern Yunnan is not only the center of genetic ecological diversity and rice cultural diversity,but also the center of origin and diversity of crop genetic diversity.It is not only a transitional region among East Asia continent,South Asian sub-continent and Indo-China Peninsula,but also a core integration area of Chinese culture,Indian culture and Mid-south Peninsula culture which all merge with the local culture.[Conclusion] Yunnan is one common sphere where the origin of human evolution is closely related to the origin of rice evolution.

Text Difficulty,Working Memory Capacity and Mind Wandering During Chinese EFL Learners’Reading

This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,mind wandering(MW),in the course of reading.Sixty first-year university non-English majors participated in the study.A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(text difficulty:difficult and simple)×2(WMC:high/large and low/small)was employed.Results revealed that 1)the main and interaction effects of WMC and text difficulty on voluntary MW were significant,whereas those on involuntary MW were not;2)while reading the easy texts,the involuntary MW of high-WMC individuals was less frequent than that of low-WMC ones,whereas while reading the difficult ones,the direct relationship between WMC and involuntary MW was not found;and that 3)high-WMC individuals had a lower overall rate of MW and better reading performance than low-WMC individuals did,but with increasing text difficulty,their rates of overall MW and voluntary MW were getting higher and higher,and the reading performance was getting lower and lower.These results lend support to WM theory and have pedagogical implications for the instruction of L2 reading.

A study on the feasibility of CET oral test based on automatic essay marking

This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.

Study on The Ecology System of Hani Terraced Paddy Fields

The ecology system of Hani Terraced Paddy Fields is the typical repre-sentative of the ecological agriculture in the southwestern mountainous areas of our country. After long-term development, Hani ecology system has developed, cored by＂forest-vil age-terrace-river＂, including paddy cultivation system, forests and ecologi-cal maintenance, folk culture and construction of water facilities. This research ex-plored the details of the structure and functions of the ecology system of Hani ter-raced fields. And il ustrates that the system is a new model of agriculture ecological civilization and deserves further study and more applications.

Analysis of TEM-4 compositions in 2008

The Test for English Majors Band-4（TEM4） is annually taken for the second year students in China and it is based on the requirement of English teaching syllabus for English majors. This paper has collected some of students＇ compositions of TEM-4, and according to the score evaluation of the syllabus as well as TEM-4, the paper aims to analyze students＇ errors and find out their reasons behind in order to improve students＇ writing capacity in TEM-4.

齿轮耦合的转子-轴承系统非线性动力特性的研究

在考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、脱齿、挤齿及齿背接触 等因素的情况下，建立了齿轮耦合的转子—滑动轴承系统的多自由度动力学模型。用数值方 法研究了该系统的质量不平衡响应，结果发现，由于齿轮时变啮合刚度的影响，随着转速的 增加，系统动力学响应首先由周期运动向准周期运动变化，当转速超过某一值时，系统的响应将由准周期运动发展为混沌运动；由于混沌运动，转子将沿齿轮中心线方向产生很大的变 形，脱齿、齿背接触及挤齿现象也将发生，可能导致系统产生破坏。

Community Structure and Seasonal Variation of Soil Arthropods in the Forest-Steppe Ecotone of the Mountainous Region in Northern Hebei,China

Soil fauna have been receiving more and more attention because they play an important role in nutrient cycling.However,there is a lack of information on soil arthropods in the forest-steppe ecotone in the mountainous region of northern Hebei,which makes it difficult to meet the need of protecting biodiversity in this area.Soil arthropod communities were investigated in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern Hebei province to provide basic information on changes in mountain soil fertility,which could promote the development of soil arthropod communities in mountain ecotones.From the preliminary identification,a total of 7994 individual soil arthropods were collected,which belonged to 25 groups,6 classes and 24 orders.Acarina,Hymenoptera and Collembola were the dominant groups in the ecotone.The number of Acarina was higher than Collembola,and this phenomenon was obviously different from other areas in the same climate zone.The increased abundance of rare groups in the Forest zone with the richer vegetation,higher arthropod abundance and more substantial litter depth,could be interpreted as a reaction to the suitable soil environment and food supply.And these rare groups were sensitive to environmental changes,which could be regarded as biotic indicators for evaluating soil quality.The analysis of community diversity showed that the abundance index (d),the Shannon-Wiener index (H'),the evenness index (J) and the density-group index (DG) were significantly higher in the forest zone,lower in the forest-steppe zone,and lowest in the meadow-steppe zone.Seasonal variations in community composition correlated with changes in average air temperature and precipitation in this ecotone.Groups and individuals of soil arthropod communities in the three zones were present in greater numbers in the middle of the rainy season than in the early or late periods of the rainy season as a whole.At the same time,seasonal changes in soil arthropod communities from different plots were also influenced by habitat condition.

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis:Experience from 11 cases and review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS:The records of 11 patients (4 males,7 females, mean age 39 years,range 18-65 years) diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in Harran University Hospital between January 1996 and October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS:Ascites was present in all cases.Other common findings were weight loss (81%),weakness (81%),abdominal mass (72%),abdominal pain (72%),abdominal distension (63%),anorexia (45%) and night sweat (36%).The average hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dL and the average FAR was 50 mm/h (range 30-125).Elevated levels of cancer antigen CA-125 were determined in four patients.Abdominal ultrasound showed abnormalities in all cases:ascites in all,tuboovarian mass in five,omental thickening in 3,and enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric,para-aortic) in 2.CT scans showed ascites in all,pelvic mass in 5,retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 4,mesenteric stranding in 4,omental stranding in 3, bowel wall thickening in 2 and mesenteric lymphadenopathy in 2.Only one patient had a chest radiograph suggestive of a new TB lesion.Two had a positive family history of pulmonary TB.None had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the sputum and the tuberculin test was positive in only two.Laparotomy was performed in 6 cases,laparoscopy in 4 and ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration in 2.In those patients subjected to operation,the findings were multiple diffuse involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum,white ‘miliary nodules’or plaques,enlarged lymph nodes,ascites, ‘violin string’fibrinous strands,and omental thickening. Biopsy specimens showed granulomas,while ascitic fluid showed numerous lymphocytes.Both were negative for acid-fast bacilli by staining.PCR of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobactenum tuberculosis ( M.tuberculosis) in all cases. CONCLUSION:Abdominal TB should be considered in all cases with ascites.Our experience suggests that PCR of ascitic fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for its diagnosis and should at least be attempted before surgical intervention.

Seasonal Changes of Reproductive Activity and Biochemical Composition of Pen Shell Atrina pectinata Linnaeus,1767 in Bohai Sea,China

Seasonal variations in the biochemical composition and the reproductive cycle of pen shell Atrina pectinata in Bohai Sea were investigated from May 2013 to April 2014. Histological analysis indicated that the reproductive cycle of A. pectinata can be divided into two phases, inactive stage and gametogenesis, which were equally and significantly influenced by seawater temperature and food availability. Gametogenesis began in late autumn(October), and completed in June and July. Spawning took place in August, coinciding with the highest water temperature and the richest phytoplankton. The significantly high glycogen content in adductor muscles sustained throughout the late active and ripeness stages, but plummeted during spawning and inactive stages. The protein content in female gonads exhibited a synchronous increase along with oocyte diameter and lipid content, suggesting that the female gonads could accumulate protein and lipid for vitelline in A. pectinata. Furthermore, the RNA/DNA ratio was found to be a useful index to indicate the level of gonad maturation in both males and females. The findings of the present study provided a foundation for the fishery resource administration and the aquaculture development of this species.

Multi-scaled simulation of latticed frames considering bending collapse of pipes

To consider the bending collapse of the pipes in the latticed frames, based on the multi-scale simulation, the collapsed parts of the pipe are meshed by the shell elements as micro-scaled models, and the other parts are meshed by beam elements macro-models. The incremental displacement constraint equations for the nodes on the section between the two models are established based on the plane section premise of classical beam theory. The method to introduce the constraint equations is derived based on the Updated Largrangian method. The location of the micro-model is predicted by the stress field of the beam element, and the length of the collapsed part is adjusted by the plastic energy in the micro model. Several examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.

Modified molecular matrix model for predicting molecular composition of naphtha＇

To improve the naphtha composition prediction model based on molecular type homologous series matrix （MTHS）, this paper puts forward a novel molecular matrix to characterize the naphtha composition and the norreal distribution hypothesis to better describe the molecular composition distribution within each homologous series of the molecular matrix. Through prediction calculation of eight groups of naphtha samples and eight groups of gasoline samples, it is verified that the normal distribution hypothesis is more applicable than gamma distribution hypothesis for the prediction model. According to the prediction results of the samples, the restrain range of normal distribution parameters during model computing process is summarized. With the bulk properties of naphtha samples and the value range of distribution parameters as input conditions, this study utilizes the improved novel molecular matrix to predict the composition of naphtha samples. As the results show, the novel molecular matrix can predict more detailed composition information of naphtha and improve prediction accuracy with less unknown parameters.

Auto Composition System for Two Voice Part Inventions Based on Soft Computational Methods

Algorithmic composition is a very popular research field today. Bach's "two voice part invention" is the research object in this paper. The grammar and compositional rules of "invention" are introduced first. Then two soft computational methods,genetic algorithms and back propagation (BP) neural network technology,are combined to the experiment on assisting in composing "two voice part inventions". The system presented in this paper is quite effective and satisfactory.

Infrared thin layer drying of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) stigmas:Mass transfer parameters and quality assessment

Saffron is the most precious and expensive agricultural product. A dehydration treatment is necessary to convert Crocus sativus L. stigmas into saffron spice. To the best of our knowledge, no information on mass transfer parameters of saffron stigmas is available in the literature. This study aimed at investigating the moisture transfer parameters and quality attributes of saffron stigmas under infrared treatment at different temperatures（60,70, …, 110 ℃）. It was observed that the dehydration process of the samples occurred in a short accelerating rate period at the start followed by a falling rate period. The effective moisture diffusivity and convective mass transfer coefficient were determined by using the Dincer and Dost model. The diffusivity values varied from1.1103 × 10^-10m^2·s^-1to 4.1397 × 10^-10m^2·s^-1 and mass transfer coefficient varied in the range of 2.6433 × 10^-7–8.7203 × 10^-7m·s^-1. The activation energy was obtained to be 27.86 kJ·mol^-1. The quality assessment results showed that the total crocin content increased, when the temperature increased up to90 ℃ but, in higher temperatures, the amount of crocin decreased slightly. The total safranal content of the samples decreased slightly when drying temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 70 ℃ and then continuously increased up to 110 ℃. Also, the amount of picrocrocin increased from 83.1 to 93.3 as the drying temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃.

Characterization and analysis of ribosomal proteins in two marine calanoid copepods

Copepods are among the most abundant and successful metazoans in the marine ecosystem. However, genomic resources related to fundamental cellular processes are still limited in this particular group of crustaceans. Ribosomal proteins are the building blocks of ribosomes, the primary site for protein synthesis. In this study, we characterized and analyzed the c DNAs of cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins(c RPs) of two calanoid copepods, P seudodiaptomus poplesia and A cartia pacifi ca. We obtained 79 c RP c DNAs from P. poplesia and 67 from A. pacifi ca by c DNA library construction/sequencing and rapid amplifi cation of c DNA ends. Analysis of the nucleic acid composition showed that the copepod c RP-encoding genes had higher GC content in the protein-coding regions(CDSs) than in the untranslated regions(UTRs), and single nucleotide repeats(>3 repeats) were common, with "A" repeats being the most frequent, especially in the CDSs. The 3′-UTRs of the c RP genes were signifi cantly longer than the 5′-UTRs. Codon usage analysis showed that the third positions of the codons were dominated by C or G. The deduced amino acid sequences of the c RPs contained high proportions of positively charged residues and had high p I values. This is the fi rst report of a complete set of c RP-encoding genes from copepods. Our results shed light on the characteristics of c RPs in copepods, and provide fundamental data for further studies of protein synthesis in copepods. The copepod c RP information revealed in this study indicates that additional comparisons and analysis should be performed on different taxonomic categories such as orders and families.

A flexible architecture for job management in a grid environment

Job management is a key issue in computational grids, and normally involves job definition, scheduling, executing and monitoring. However, job management in the existing grid middleware needs to be improved in terms of efficiency and flexibility. This paper addresses a flexible architecture for job management with detailed design and implementation. Frameworks for job scheduling and monitoring, as two important aspects, are also presented. The proposed job management has the advantages of reusability of job definition, flexible and automatic file operation, visual steering of file transfer and job execution, and adaptive application job scheduler. A job management wizard is designed to implement each step. Therefore, what the grid user needs to do is only to define the job by constructing necessary information at runtime. In addition, the job space is adopted to ensure the security of the job management. Experimental results showed that this approach is user-friendly and system efficient.

Literature review of material evaluation

A literature-based review concerning why and how to evaluate language-teaching materials is presented with the purpose to facilitate English Language Teachers＇ awareness of material evaluation and assist their conduction.

A Comparison between Heathcliff and Chillingworth from the Perspective of Romanticism

Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two heroes from the perspective of romanticism. From the analysis of the author＇s living background and their literary genre of the two works, the paper will analyse the reasons why Heathcliff and Chillingworth want to revenge, and reflect their similarities and differences in terms of their character, means, ending, and so on. The paper will analyse the two heroes by using the methods of literature data collection, text comparison and induction, and come to a conclusion that the romanticism carried by the two authors is influential in shaping the two satan type heroes. Thus to gain more details about the similarities of the two cruel revenger, and the differences of their individuality and different ways of revenge.

An interpretation of alienation theme in J. D. Salinger＇s The catcher in the rye and Nine stories

J. D. Salinger is an alienated writer, who alienates himself from the dominant society. He is unsocial in character and unconventional in behavior. His reclusion can be regarded as the behavioral presentation of his alienation. Salinger also portrays many alienated characters in his The catcher in the rye and Nine stories. These alienated characters include children, adolescents and adults. They alienate themselves from dominant social culture, groups and even themselves. According to the analysis of these alienated protagonists from autobiographical and historical perspectives, the root of their alienation lies in the conflict between their searching for the ideal love and the absence of such love in the dominant society. So comparing with enjoying substantial life, Salinger＇s works can arouse people＇s interest and give more concern to their spiritual life.