“人”卷

蛋卷，大家肯定都尝过，味道很不错。那“人”卷你是否见过呢？喜欢吃蛋卷的我决定亲自尝试一下当“人”卷的滋味。

Development and validation of a self-management behavior questionnaire for Chinese enterostomy patients

Objectives:This study aimed to develop a self-management behavior questionnaire for Chinese enter-ostomy patients and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:Guided by the theory of self-management,an initial questionnaire was generated through literature review,group meetings,and two rounds of an expert consultation.Finally,the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were validated through a questionnaire survey of 200 enterostomy patients were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical University from June 2016 to March 2017.Results:The content validity index was 0.80e1.00.The exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor(dietary behavior,psychosocial behavior,symptom management behavior,medical compliance behavior,information management behavior),consisting of 40 items.The cumulative variance contri-bution rate was 65.42%.The Cronbach’s a coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.972,and for the five factors ranged from 0.797 to 0.939,indicating a good internal consistency.The test-retest reliability was 0.867(P<0.01).The self-management behavior questionnaire score was negatively related to the Ostomy Skin Tool score(r=-0.800,P<0.01).Conclusions:The self-management behavior questionnaire developed in this study showed good reli-ability and validity and can be used to assess the self-management behavior of Chinese enterostomy patients.

Needs assessment and expectations regarding evidence-based practice knowledge acquisition and training activities:A cross-sectional study of healthcare personnel in China

Objectives Evidence-based healthcare contributes to the improvement of healthcare quality and informs healthcare decision-making.The provision of timely high-quality evidence is always required to fulfil the ever-changing needs and expectations of healthcare personnel.This study aimed to assess the needs and expectations of healthcare personnel regarding evidence-based healthcare in China.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey from December 8,2020 to January 15,2021 involving 901 participants across China.Healthcare providers,policy makers,researchers and educators,and full-time postgraduate medical and nursing students working/living in China were eligible to participate.A self-developed questionnaire was used.Results Participants generally agreed that health-related research evidence was beneficial.Evidence-based resources,such as Cochrane resources,were only known or used by about half of the respondents due to difficulties related to availability and accessibility.Various types of resources,topics of evidence,and themes of workshops were of particular interest to most of the participants.Conclusions The dissemination and translation of evidence,provision of more support in evidence availability,offering evidence-based training,and determining the most in-demand research areas have been identified as priority areas of work which could fulfil the needs and expectations of healthcare personnel in China.

Face anti-spoofing algorithm combined with CNN and brightness equalization

Face anti-spoofing is a relatively important part of the face recognition system,which has great significance for financial payment and access control systems.Aiming at the problems of unstable face alignment,complex lighting,and complex structure of face anti-spoofing detection network,a novel method is presented using a combination of convolutional neural network and brightness equalization.Firstly,multi-task convolutional neural network(MTCNN)based on the cascade of three convolutional neural networks(CNNs),P-net,R-net,and O-net are used to achieve accurate positioning of the face,and the detected face bounding box is cropped by a specified multiple,then brightness equalization is adopted to perform brightness compensation on different brightness areas of the face image.Finally,data features are extracted and classification is given by utilizing a 12-layer convolution neural network.Experiments of the proposed algorithm were carried out on CASIA-FASD.The results show that the classification accuracy is relatively high,and the half total error rate(HTER)reaches 1.02%.

Appraisal of Common Dispute Problems on Public Works Projects in Thailand

The objectives of this research were to identify and appraising the common dispute problems in domestic and international funded public works projects. The interview and questionnaire method were used in this research. Randomly distributed questionnaire technique was applied to select samples of 390 various construction practitioners consisting of owners, consultants and main contractors to evaluate the severity of the 43 identified dispute factors. This survey found that contract and specification dispute problem was the highest concern among four main dispute problems for construction practitioners. The insufficient working drawing details factor was ranked as the highest overall severity index. The results of the survey also indicated that both domestic and international funded public projects faced moderately severe dispute level among construction team.

Correlation Analysis of Attitudinal Responses of Men and Women Toward Wife Beating by Husband in Rural and Urban Ethiopia

The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justified if wives commit some mistakes while they are undertaking their day to day family responsibilities and other personal functions. The sample size was about 14,000 women in the reproductive and productive ages of 15-49 and about 6,000 men in the age brackets of 15-59. The reasons for wife beating by husbands are examined against some selected independent background variables of the sampled men and women respondents, while the dependent variables are the responses to questions of wife beating. With respect to the analytical model, the author decided to focus on some descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions tables, proportions, comparative analysis, and application of chi-squares （Xz） techniques to examine the variations in the responses of women and men amongst the independent backgrounds.

A Lightweight Temporal Convolutional Network for Human Motion Prediction

A lightweight multi-layer residual temporal convolutional network model(RTCN)is proposed to target the highly complex kinematics and temporal correlation of human motion.RTCN uses 1-D convolution to efficiently obtain the spatial structure information of human motion and extract the correlation in the time series of human motion.The residual structure is applied to the proposed network model to alleviate the problem of gradient disappearance in the deep network.Experiments on the Human 3.6M dataset demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces the errors of motion prediction compared with previous methods,especially of long-term prediction.

Digital Divide in Relation to Differently Abled Community in Sri Lanka

The developments in the field of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） in the country has rapidly happen after year 2009 .Government has developed many programs and initiations to develop ICT in the country after three decades of war was ended up. As a result disabled community can make many opportunities to use the ICT and at the same time create a gap, which is commonly referred to as Disability Digital Divide. The purpose of this study was to examine empirically the current status of adoption of ICT and in turn the digital divide resulting from which in the disability community in Sri Lanka and the factors affecting this behavior. A questionnaire and Interviewed based survey （n = 107） was carried out to collect the data from the disabled people who used ICT in the Colombo, Gampaha, and Kaluthara district. An empirical model was developed to show the relationship between the level of adoption of 10 basic, intermediate, and advanced ICT facilities and a number of factors to reflect the WWW, Smart phones, and Computer usage aspects of disabled community. Based on the Innovatiotr---Diffusion Theory, the status of Digital Divide of a disabled community was specified by means of an Index. The results show that this community did not become innovators or early-adopters of ICT by adopting WWW or computer related technologies but was mostly confined to the smart phone related facilities. The results from this study highlight that the income of a disabled person, awareness about the information and technology, interest of new technology usage, social and cultural background of a person, use of English language in day-to-day life give a significant impact on the adoption oflCT by the disabled community.

Barriers to nurse-patient communication in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain:Patient perspective

Objectives:Effective and efficient communication is a core element in healthcare systems,especially between healthcare providers and patients.This study aimed to identify communication barriers be-tween nurses and patients in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted across primary healthcare centers in Bahrain.Four hundred and two patients were recruited using convenience sampling.A self-administered question-naire comprising 29 items on communication barriers was used.Results:A total of 402 patients consented to participate.The majority of participants reported the following statements had large effects on communication:“shortage in the number of nurses compared to the large number of patients”(254/401,63.3%),“lack of desire of nurse to communicate with patients”(246/402,61.2%),and“negative attitude of the nurse toward the patient”(238/401,59.4%).Further,“difference in language between nurses and patients,”“lack of self-confidence by nurses,”and“nurses overwhelmed by work”were ranked as top three statements with a significant influence on commu-nication between nurses and patients.Conclusions:Communication between healthcare providers and patients is pivotal for an optimal healthcare service.Based on the findings of this study and the literature,we recommend formal training of health care workers in improving communication skills and including this not only in medical cur-riculum but also in the form of continuing medical education(CMEs)1.

The Features and Patterns of Revision Process in English Learners＇ Writing

Revision is an important part of writing process but it often baffles the researchers due to the difficulties in recording the revision process of students. Based on a self-made questionnaire and the online record of the revision process, this study describes the English learners＇ revision behaviors and process in their second semester of a two-year writing course. The analysis indicates that the English learners hold a positive attitude towards revision and but passive in resorting to outside sources for help. The source of the feedback has a great influence on their motivation of revision. On the other hand, although they use all types of revision operations, they concentrate on surface changes and simple operations.

Spatial Development of Local Bantik Community in Malalayang, Indonesia

The Proximity between the central business district and the settlement has led to many changes in the local Bantik community. These include changes in the function of settlements, population size, location of residence, and the movement of local culture. This study aims to examine the spatial changes that occur in local neighborhoods with a focus on the Bantik tribal community in Malalayang. Data were obtained from a series of field observations, questionnaires and structured interviews. This study conducted a series of analyses on spatial patterns, sociocultural factors and urban policy. The results show that the dynamic changes are natural and hard to avoid, since they are related to the community＇s needs and development of the city. In order to face the changes, adjustments in the values of the local community towards the settlement terms and conditions are necessary. In addition, an increase in internal resources for those local communities is needed.

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Language Learning Strategy Training for Chinese Adult English Learners

This paper explores how to implement effective strategy training for part-time Chinese adult English learners in a tertiary FLT （Foreign Language Teaching） classroom. Through a study of threx~ semesters during which six sessions of learner training workshops and constant, integrated task-based instruction were carried out, empirical evidence was collected via the instrument of questionnaires, interviews, learners＇ regular written reports, and the findings indicate that： （1） The students reported a statistically significant increase of the overaU average frequency of language strategy use over all SILL （The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning） items with 2.95 at the beginning and 3.61 at the end; and （2） Well-organized, explicit, and discrete leaner training workshops combined with frequent, explicit, and integrated task-based strategy instruction are an effective and helpful way to improve learners＇ awareness, selection, and frequency of strategy use, which can further foster learner autonomy.

Lack of Skills of Human Resources in the Machine Construction Industry

The paper summarises the results of a questionnaire survey that took place in January 2015 in order to assess the current and prospective standard of the qualification of human resources in machine construction companies in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey included 23 small machine construction companies （less than 50 employees）, 24 medium-sized machine construction companies （50-249 employees）, and 53 larger machine construction companies （250 and more employees）. The results of the survey indicated that almost one half （43%） of respondent machine construction company top management members planned to hire new employees this year. In addition, 50% of them confirmed their endeavour to keep the current headcount and a mere 7% of them specified problems that would lead to the dismissal of employees. However, what is bothering machine construction top management members is the lack of qualifications and practical experience of job seekers they have to deal with. The intention of the authors is to define the main reasons and propose possible solutions of this problem within human resource management in machine construction companies.

Participation Study of Tourist Town Community——A Case Study of Kunming Guandu

Town tourism is booming in China, The town＇s physical and human environment have been brought great impact with the influx of tourists. This paper took example of Kunming Guandu town, did research studies on both sides in the core area of the two communities, did survey questionnaire and on-site interviews and used a Likert scale method for data processing and analysis, did analysis of residents participation in tourism situation of Guandu town, tried to find a key impact of the harmonious development of tourism in Guandu town and analyzed, identified the the negative factors, and improved the measures of feasibility in order to improve the Guandu community involvement.

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Kenya

To determine the climate changes that are due to natural variability and those due to human activities is quite challenging,just like delineating the impacts.Moreover,it is equally difficult to ascertain the adaptive strategies for coping with the climate changes and in particular for developing countries like Kenya.While climate change is a global phenomenon,the impacts are more or less specific to local areas such as observed in Kenyan case.Therefore climate change impacts adaptation strategies are appropriately applicable to a given local perspective.The study investigated the main indicators of climate change and effective adaptive strategies that can be employed in Kenya.Based on online questionnaire survey,the study established unpredictable rainfall patterns as the major indicator of climate change in the country,while water harvesting and change of cropping methods are the best adaptive strategies.

Evaluation of Common Delay Causes of Construction Projects in Singapore

The objectives of this paper were to identify and evaluating the common delay factors among owners, consultants and main contractors in building projects in Singapore. The interview and questionnaire method were used in this research. Randomly distributed questionnaire technique was applied to select samples of 74 various construction practitioners consisting of owners, consultants and main contractors to evaluat the severity of the 35 identified delay factors. The project investigated in this study included residential building and office building projects. The results found that delay in progress payment by owner, adverse weather conditions, main contractor financial problems, evaluation of completed works and act of god factor caused mostly severe delay in building construction project.

A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments

The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes （pteridophytes） as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes （aka, ferns and fern allies） are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteddophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae ex- hibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioacUve compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direc- tion of pteridophyte research is discussed.

Assessment of food supplementation and surveillance as techniques to reduce damage caused by black capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus to forest plantations

Black capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus are among several mammalian species that damage forest plantations, pri- marily plantations of pine trees （Pinus spp.） in South Brazil. Management practices to reduce these damages include supplemen- tary food offerings and plantation surveillance. To assess the efficiency of these techniques, four treatments were evaluated： feeding （F, with supplementary bananas and maize）, surveillance （S, in situ, wherein men patrolled the plantations, deterring the monkeys）, feeding ＋ surveillance （FS） and control （no procedures） （C）. The efficiency assessment of each treatment involved the number of recorded primate sightings in the treatments with the presence of guards （S and FS） and a damage inventory of the outskirts of the experimental points immediately before and after the experiment. These data were complemented by a simulta- neous study of the availability of fruit, the primary item in the diet of this primate species, in the remnant native forest in the study area. Most sightings of S. nigritus occurred early in the morning, and in general, sightings were inversely proportional to the availability of native fruits. This trend was most evident in treatment FS, most likely due to the presence of food. Treatments F and FS exhibited higher percentages of damage, indicating that these are inefficient management techniques. Treatment S exhi- bited the lowest damage rate, but at a high cost, making this technique difficult to apply over large expanses. The development of other management techniques, such as environmental enrichment and the use of deterrents, is recommended to minimize the damage caused by capuchins in forest plantations [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 581-590, 2014].

Efficiency analysis and optimization of wireless power transfer system for freely moving biomedical implants

In the wireless power transfer system for freely moving biomedical implants,the receiving unit was generally inefficient for the reason that its design parameters including the receiving coil's dimension and receiving circuits' topology were always determined by experiments.In order to build the relationship between these parameters and the total transfer efficiency,this paper developed a novel efficiency model based on the impedance model of the coil and the circuit model of the receiving circuits.According to the design constraints,the optimal design parameters in the worst case were derived.The results indicate that the combination of the two-layered receiving coil and half-bridge rectifier has more advantages in size,efficiency and safety,which is preferred in the receiving unit.Additionally,when the load resistance increases,the optimal turn number of the receiving coil basically keeps constant and the corresponding transmitting current and total efficiency decrease.For 100 Ω load,the transmitting current and total efficiency in the worst case were measured to be 5.30 A and 1.45% respectively,which are much better than the published results.In general,our work provides an efficient method to determine the design parameters of the wireless power transfer system for freely moving biomedical implants.