三包

小贝看到电视里正在播放某产品实行三包的广告，就对妈妈说：“妈妈。从明天起，我也要三包？”妈妈不解地问她：“什么三包？”小贝：“糖一包、饼干一包、巧克力一包。

A new small baurioid therocephalian from the Lower Triassic Jiucaiyuan Formation, Xinjiang, China

Several therocephalian species,mainly represented by cranial material from the late Permian,have been reported from China in recent years.Here we describe a tiny new baurioid therocephalian,Jiucaiyuangnathus confusus gen.et sp.nov.,from the Jiucaiyuan Formation,Xinjiang,China.The new taxon is represented by a partial snout with occluded partial lower jaw and two postcranial skeletons.Although juvenile in stage,the new species is diagnosed by the following features:round pit in middle of lateral surface of maxilla;lacrimal contact nasal;fossa for dentary tooth on the posterior end of the premaxilla,lateral to the anterior choana;two small vertical triangular ridges extending dorsally and ventrally on the vomerine anterior portion,and bordering a thin vomerine foramen laterally;anterior projection of the lateral part of the frontal on the nasal;symphyseal region of the dentary projected anteriorly;5 upper premaxillary teeth,upper and lower canines absent,diastema between the last premaxillary upper incisor and first maxillary tooth present,no diastema separating anterior from posterior dentition in the mandible,10 maxillary teeth and 12 dentary teeth,posterior postcanine expands mesiodistally,having a main large cusps and tiny anterior and posterior accessory cusps in line;neural arches of the atlas fused by the neural spine,neural spine of the axis projected posteriorly,procoracoid foramen lies between procoracoid and scapula.Features of the dentition resembles those of the small baurioid Ericiolacerta parva from South Africa and Silphedosuchus orenburgensis from Russia.The specimens provide the rare opportunity to know in detail the postcranial skeleton of baurioids.

A heuristic method for solving triangle packing problem

Given a set of triangles and a rectangle container, the triangle packing problem is to determine if these triangles can be placed into the container without overlapping. Triangle packing problem is a special case of polygon packing problem and also NP-hard, so it is unlikely that an efficient and exact algorithm can be developed to solve this problem. In this paper, a new concept of rigid placement is proposed, based on which a discrete solution space called rigid solution space is constructed. Each solution in the rigid solution space can be built by continuously applying legal rigid placements one by one until all the triangles are placed into the rectangle container without overlapping. The proposed Least-Destruction-First (LDF) strategy determines which rigid placement has the privilege to go into the rectangle container. Based on this, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Combining Least-Destruction-First strategy with backtracking, the corresponding backtracking algorithm is proposed. Computa- tional results show that our proposed algorithms are efficient and robust. With slight modification, these techniques can be con- veniently used for solving polygon packing problem.

Estimating regional coal resource efficiency in China using three-stage DEA and bootstrap DEA models

Based on three-stage data envelopment analysis(DEA) model estimates of resource utilization efficiency of coal,we selected 29 provinces from China's 2012 input-output data and used the bootstrap DEA model to correct the bias.The results show that the mean overall technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency was 0.833,0.998,and 0.711 in 2012,respectively.Moreover,the comprehensive technical efficiency score indicates that the scale is invalid.Area utilization efficiencies for the eastern,central,and western regions were 0.917,0.731,and 0.629,respectively.The results prove that there are significant differences in the distribution of coal resources utilization efficiency across regions.

A TCAM-based Two-dimensional Prefix Packet Classification Algorithm

Packet classification (PC) has become the main method to support the quality of service and security of network application. And two-dimeusioual prefix packet classification (PPC) is the popular one. This paper analyzes the problem of ruler conflict, and then presents a TCAM-based two-dimensional PPC algorithm. This algorithm makes use of the parallelism of TCAM to lookup the longest prefix in one instruction cycle. Then it uses a memory image and associated data structures to eliminate the conflicts between rulers, and performs a fast two-dimeusional PPC. Compared with other algorithms, this algorithm has the least time complexity and less space complexity.

Testing for Nonlinearity in Dynamic Characteristics of Vertical Upward Oil-Gas-Water Three-phase Bubble and Slug Flows

Based on the conductance fluctuation signals measured from vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow experiment, time frequency representation and surrogate data method were used to investigate dynamical characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows. The results indicate that oil-in-water type bubble flow will turn to deterministic motion with the increase of oil phase fraction f o and superficial gas velocity U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture Q mix . The dynamics of oil-in-water type slug flow becomes more complex with the increase of U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture. The change of f o leads to irregular influence on the dynamics of slug flow. These interesting findings suggest that the surrogate data method can be a faithful tool for characterizing dynamic characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows.

Analysis on distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face

The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face under the effect of given deformation of the main roof is analyzed by the damage mechanics theory. And the relationship between distribution of the abutment pressure and thickness of coal seam is explored. The presented result is of great theoretical significance and practical value to the study on stability control of the surrounding rock of road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face.

Virtual Dressing Room Application with Virtual Human Using Kinect Sensor

This study proposes a real time 3D virtual model controll and a virtual dressing room application to enable users to try virtual garments and shoes on in front of a virtual mirror. A virtual representation of the user appears in a virtual changing room and the user＇s hand motions select the clothes from a list on the screen. Afterwards, the selected virtual clothes appear on a humanoid model in the virtual mirror. For the purpose of aligning the 3D garments and shoes with the model, 3D locations of the joints are used for positioning, scaling and rotating. By using our developed algorithm, small, medium, large or xlarge garment size is selected automatically and this information is shown on the screen. Then, we apply skin color detection to handle the unwanted occlusions between the user and the model. To create a more realistic effect, the system takes into account different images of the clothes according to different human poses and movements. Optional mirror selection buttons make it possible to have multiple viewing angles on the model. Additionally, we developed an algorithm for matching up all motions between the model and garments. In this study, we benefit from the Microsoft Kinect SDK （software development kit） in order to follow the user＇s movements, coordinate the suitable clothe try-ons and provide depth sort effect to the human body and clothes. In order to use the rapid calculation attributes of game engines, we used unity 3D game engine.

Mesoporous Fe_(3)O_(4)@C nanoarrays as high-performance anode for rechargeable Ni/Fe battery

Rechargeable aqueous batteries with high power density and energy density are highly desired for electrochemical energy storage.Despite the recent reports of various cathode materials with ultrahigh pseudocapacitance exceeding3000 F g^(-1)(or 800 mA h g^(-1)),the development of anode materials is relatively insufficient,which limits the whole performance of the devices far from practical applications.Herein,we report the preparation of mesoporous Fe_(3)O_(4)@C nanoarrays as high-performance anode for rechargeable Ni/Fe battery by a self-generated sacrificial template method.Zn O/Fe_(3)O_(4)composite was first synthesized by a co-deposition process,and Zn O was subsequently removed by alkali etching to construct the mesoporous structure.A thin carbon film was introduced onto the surface of the electrode by the carbonization of glucose to increase the structural stability of the electrode.The unique mesoporous nanoarray architecture endows the electrode with larger specific surface area,faster charge/mass transport and higher utilization of Fe_(3)O_(4),which shows an ultrahigh specific capacity (292.4 mA h g^(-1)at a current density of 5 mA cm^(-2)) and superior stability in aqueous electrolyte (capacitance retention of 90.8%after 5000cycles).After assembled with hierarchical mesoporous Ni O nanoarray as a cathode,an optimized rechargeable Ni/Fe battery with double mesoporous nanoarray electrodes was fabricated,which provided high energy/power densities(213.3 W h kg^(-1)at 0.658 kW kg^(-1)and 20.7 kW kg^(-1)at113.9 W h kg^(-1),based on the total mass of the active materials)in the potential window of 1.5 V with excellent cyclability(81.7%retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles).

Assembly of layer-by-layer films of superoxide dismutase and gold nanorods:A third generation biosensor for superoxide anion

Based on the layer-by-layer self-assembly of positively charged cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） wrapped gold na- norods （AuNRs） and negatively charged superoxide dismutase （SOD） from their aqueous solutions on cysteine modified gold electrode （Cys/Au）, a third generation electrochemical biosensor （（SOD/AuNRs）2/Cys/Au） for superoxide anion （02＂-） was developed. The two layers assembly of SOD/AuNRs can significantly enhance the direct electron transfer between SOD and the electrode. The functional enzymatic activities of the SOD offer an electrochemical approach to the determination of 02＂-. In the reductive regions, the proposed sensor exhibits excellent analytical performances, such as wide linear range （200 nM to 0.2 mM O2-）, low detection limit （100 nM O2-）, high sensitivity （22.11 nA cm-2 μM-1）, short response time （less than 5 s）, good stability and reproducibility, while no obvious interferences are caused by commonly met interfering species including hydrogen peroxide （H202）, uric acid （UA） and ascorbic acid （AA）.

Dual solidification mechanisms of liquid ternary Fe-Cu-Sn alloy

Liquid ternary Fe47.5Cu47.5Sn5 alloy displayed dual solidification mechanisms when it was undercooled by up to 329 K （0.19TL）. Below a critical undercooling of about 196 K, it solidified just like a normal peritectic alloy, even though metastable phase separation occurred to a microscopic extent. Once bulk undercooling exceeds 196 K, macroscopic segregation played a domi- nant role in solidification. In both cases, the solidification process was always characterized by two successive peritectic trans- formations： firstly primary yFe dendrites reacted with liquid phase to form （Cu） phase, and subsequently the （Cu） phase reacted with residual liquid phase to yield β-Cu5.6Sn intermetallic compound. The primary yFe dendrites achieved a maximum growth velocity of 400 mm/s and experienced a growth kinetics transition as a result of macrosegregation. Since the （Cu） phase was both the product phase of the first peritectic transformation and also the reactant phase for the second peritectic transformation, it appeared as two layers in solidification microstructures due to the microsegregation of Sn solute. The boundary continuity between the macroscopically separated Fe-rich and Cu-ricb zones was enhanced with the increase of undercooling.