The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils we...The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils were evaluated for each scenic spots by calculating its soil impact indexes （SII） in the park. The results indicated that visitors＇ activities caused a serious influence on the soil in the park, especially in the two most used scenic spots-- Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream. The impact of tourism on soil mainly occurred within 3 m along the trails. The impact shapes are classified into six type as single-sided node type, double-sided node type, cross node type, single-sided linkage type, double-sided linkage type and short-cut linkage type. Of six types of impact shapes, the single-sided node type and double-sided type were dominant. The average water contents of soil for six scenic spots at sample areas of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m from trial is 36.6%, 24.5% and 2.2% lower than that of the control area, respectively. The average soil hardness for six scenic spots at 1m, 2 m, and 3m from the trails tramped increased 167.9%, and 122.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared with the control area. Soil bulk density increased 26.5% at 1 m and 20.9% at 2 m from the trails. The main countermeasures for reducing the range and extent of tourism impact on soil are discussed.展开更多
This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has bee...This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.展开更多
At present, the Portuguese education system promotes the development of new literacies in all education levels in response to new requirements of the digital world which imply changes in children＇s education. In fact...At present, the Portuguese education system promotes the development of new literacies in all education levels in response to new requirements of the digital world which imply changes in children＇s education. In fact, reading and writing are no longer limited exclusively to books, rather they are associated with diversified digital media integrating text, sound, image, and video. In this context, we developed an exploratory study in a kindergarten with the children and their family members. Data were collected through participant observation, children conversational interviews, and digital narratives produced by children. Data analysis is based on content analysis with NVivo software support. The emergence of literacy is evident in verbal interactions in peer-group work, in contact with the written text, in ＂writing＂ in various media, and in sharing knowledge, discoveries, and digital narratives produced in an online community （http：//janelajardim.ning.com）. This paper presents： （1） a systematic literature review in the field of digital narrative and emergent literacy; （2） the description of children＇s activities concerning interactive multimodal narrative; （3） the results of this work; and （4） the conclusion about contribution of multimodal narratives to the emergence of reading, writing, and digital skills展开更多
Environmental writing has attained a new relevance in the 21st century. In the present scenario, environmental writing becomes a social discourse. This is the result of a new, vibrant and growing environmental constit...Environmental writing has attained a new relevance in the 21st century. In the present scenario, environmental writing becomes a social discourse. This is the result of a new, vibrant and growing environmental constituency in societies such as Brazil, India, Thailand and other Third World Countries. The features of environmental writing include a visible concern for social justice, defence of livelihood and the determining part played by women. This new discourse has emerged with a new focus on redefinition of terms like human rights, common good, democracy and CPRs （common property resources）. Environmental Writing becomes a powerful discourse when it protests against the increasingly intrusive and interventionist developmental projects, implemented by the government, which in turn assert dominion over indigenous people of the land. There is also a strong emphasis on prudence among the poor as contrasted to the ecological profligacy of the rich. This paper is an attempt to examine the voices of dissent and the accountability of postmodern writers and environmental activists in India regarding environmental issues in India.展开更多
Rural poverty and poverty reduction are not only the focal issues that have attracted worldwide attention, but also the vital issues on people's livelihood that has attached great importance and aimed to be solved...Rural poverty and poverty reduction are not only the focal issues that have attracted worldwide attention, but also the vital issues on people's livelihood that has attached great importance and aimed to be solved by the central and local governments of China. Based on the survey data of 354 farming households, this paper, taking the national poverty county of Lingao County, Hainan Province for an example, examined the characteristics of rural poverty of the county. Moreover, this paper established the spatial lag model(SLM) from five dimensions, namely, status of the household head, household structure, health status, income composition and traffic accessibility, to analyze the main influencing factors of rural poverty according to the values of Moran's I and the diagnosis of spatial dependence of the OLS model. It is found that the poor farming households gathered mainly in five towns in the north and southwest of the county, and the rural poverty have the characteristics of low educational level of the heads, more minor children, high population of farming peasants, high incidence of disease and low proportion of household wage-equivalent income. The results also showed that the variables such as the number of minor children, the number of migrant worker, the number of farming peasants and the proportion of wage-equivalent income have significant effectiveness on rural poverty, while the status of the household head, health status and traffic accessibility have little influence. It is an important way to realize the goal of poverty alleviation by controlling the number of farmers' fertility, strengthening the vocational skills training of farmers, vigorously developing specialization and large-scale agriculture and increasing the employment opportunities of farmers.展开更多
Worldwide,the burden of the non viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is usually underestimated.Clearly industrial goods,tobacco,alcohol and processed foods are the agents of new epidemics in modern times whic...Worldwide,the burden of the non viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is usually underestimated.Clearly industrial goods,tobacco,alcohol and processed foods are the agents of new epidemics in modern times which far outscore the burden of infectious agents on morbidity and mortality.Smoking,a dose-related contributing factor for HCC,receives too little attention in clinical practice.In France,tobacco,hepatitis B and C virus and alcohol are the main risk factors for HCC mortality(33%,31% and 26%,respectively).In developing countries,where tobacco consumption is dramatically increasing,this epidemic may soon surpass hepatitis B.Obesity and diabetes are the contributing factors too.The role of industrial processed foods in the increase of the prevalence of obesity and diabetes cannot be ignored.展开更多
Despite the fact that BRIC Bank was instituted to enhance the core competitiveness of developing countries, opponents concern it would undermine the status of the World Bank and incurred negative impact. However, as C...Despite the fact that BRIC Bank was instituted to enhance the core competitiveness of developing countries, opponents concern it would undermine the status of the World Bank and incurred negative impact. However, as China is one of initiated countries of the BRIC nations, domestic mainstream media witnessed widespread coverage to justify Bank＇s roles. Therefore, this paper, based on Halliday＇s Meta-language Function theory, intends to explore the significance of BRIC Banks from the perspective of domestic mainstream media. Meanwhile, the thesis, combining with corpus research tools and VRIN standard theory （namely Valuable, Rare, Imperfectly, Imitable, Non-Substitutable）, probes into image construction and interprets roles of BRIC Bank in mainstream reports.展开更多
The issues of food security are an important aspect of every country for its social and economic growth and the eradication of poverty. It is particularly crucial for satisfying the needs of the ever-growing populatio...The issues of food security are an important aspect of every country for its social and economic growth and the eradication of poverty. It is particularly crucial for satisfying the needs of the ever-growing population in developing countries. Agriculture is the backbone of the people and the economy for developing countries, particularly in highly populated countries such as India, China and South East Asia. The world population is anticipated to rise to 8.3 billion by 2030 and to 9.2 billion by 2050. By that time, to feed the growing population, food production must double to keep pace with the escalating food demand. Agricultural commodities showed increases of 58.9% in import dependency ratio （IDR） as compared to 32.2% in 2013. Thus, this study attempts to review and explore the challenges of food security as well as the opportunities of the seed industry in Malaysia.展开更多
My research paper tries to investigate certain pertinent questions which are very important for the solution of today＇s problems which we are facing in a globalised world. They are as follows： （1） By following Jai...My research paper tries to investigate certain pertinent questions which are very important for the solution of today＇s problems which we are facing in a globalised world. They are as follows： （1） By following Jain principles, how one can promote and preserve rights of the individual; （2） In what ways Jain teachings prescribed preventive measures against the violation of human rights; （3） Chronology of Indian political thought and Comparison between Jain and Gandhian human rights. Today, we are facing the problems of infringement, misuse of rights in all walks of our life. We are confronting with the problems of social, economic, and political rights, discrimination between men and women in third world countries. Inequality is rampant. To establish equality-protection, promotion, and preservation of human rights is utmost important need of the day. It is one of ways that by following Jain teachings and principles we can be able to establish equality of rights and peace in the contemporary world. So my research paper will be aptly related with the Congress main theme, the politics in the world of inequality. My paper is an interpretative study which is viewed from the socio-political dimension not from the religious or metaphysical point of view.展开更多
Unemployment in the third world countries has led to various negative and positive challenges from brain drain, increased crime cases to emergent of entrepreneurial businesses. This paper examines the Nigerian informa...Unemployment in the third world countries has led to various negative and positive challenges from brain drain, increased crime cases to emergent of entrepreneurial businesses. This paper examines the Nigerian informal sector and the extent of conformity with proper human resource practices. This paper adopts survey approach in analyzing data to test whether or not SMEs can conform to global HRM practices by analyzing some variables. Graphs and simple statistics were used to test the probability of conformity of informal sector activities with HRM practices in Nigeria. This paper also relied on secondary data from Bureau of Statistics and other government agencies. Past literatures were also examined. It was discovered that due to low capital outlay and inability to access funds from financial institutions, global human resource practices like proper recruitment, training, career development are being ignored.展开更多
The role of empathic cognition is very ＂great for philosophers and philosophy in general and for ordinary people. Empathic cognition gives people a chance ＂to let＂ the emotions of the Other ＂go＂ into their minds....The role of empathic cognition is very ＂great for philosophers and philosophy in general and for ordinary people. Empathic cognition gives people a chance ＂to let＂ the emotions of the Other ＂go＂ into their minds. Empathic cognition is based on so-called co-suffering and in-sensation of the feelings of the Other or Others. Clots of energy or certain energy units are formed in consciousness of each person, they are called ＂subjective representants＂. It is possible to understand the Other or Others and to decipher the main idea of the poem （if the task to work on translation is given） and to express it in the native language if to find out not only the meanings of the words but the symbols the author has used in his poem. The reader ＂goes into＂ the world of the author trying to be near the author and trying to grasp what the author felt working on the poem. There is something what gives us a possibility to enter into the world of a creative personality. This ＂something＂ is empathic cognition.展开更多
Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas Nat...Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.展开更多
On December 2,2014,the World Family Summit＋10 was held in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province.It was jointly organized by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）and World Family Organization,with the theme of＂...On December 2,2014,the World Family Summit＋10 was held in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province.It was jointly organized by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）and World Family Organization,with the theme of＂Families in BalanceBuilding the Future We Want＂.Liu Yandong,Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC and Vice Premier of the State Council delivered a keynote speech.Gu Xiulian,展开更多
At the end of 20th Century, the electric energy became a new indicator of world civilization. The era of electricity also put his mark on the Romanian alveolus of civilization. The paper deals with an analysis of the ...At the end of 20th Century, the electric energy became a new indicator of world civilization. The era of electricity also put his mark on the Romanian alveolus of civilization. The paper deals with an analysis of the scientific researches and applications which express the results of works of eminent scientists and engineers in electro-techniques and related domains, in Romania, in the first decade of interwar period 1919-1929. The scientific activities developed in many domains of Science are sustained by the significant technical progress in Romania, in this short but relevant period of Tempus in which, in Europe and in other parts of Civitas Terra, was peace.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC30200040) and the Thousand-hundred-ten Talent Engineering project of Guangdong Province, P. R. China (03130401)
文摘The soil hardness, soil water content and soil bulk density along the trails of six scenic spots in the Zhangjiajie World Geopark were measured and analyzed, and the integrated effects of tourism trampling on soils were evaluated for each scenic spots by calculating its soil impact indexes （SII） in the park. The results indicated that visitors＇ activities caused a serious influence on the soil in the park, especially in the two most used scenic spots-- Yellowstone Village and Gold Whip Stream. The impact of tourism on soil mainly occurred within 3 m along the trails. The impact shapes are classified into six type as single-sided node type, double-sided node type, cross node type, single-sided linkage type, double-sided linkage type and short-cut linkage type. Of six types of impact shapes, the single-sided node type and double-sided type were dominant. The average water contents of soil for six scenic spots at sample areas of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m from trial is 36.6%, 24.5% and 2.2% lower than that of the control area, respectively. The average soil hardness for six scenic spots at 1m, 2 m, and 3m from the trails tramped increased 167.9%, and 122.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, compared with the control area. Soil bulk density increased 26.5% at 1 m and 20.9% at 2 m from the trails. The main countermeasures for reducing the range and extent of tourism impact on soil are discussed.
文摘This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.
文摘At present, the Portuguese education system promotes the development of new literacies in all education levels in response to new requirements of the digital world which imply changes in children＇s education. In fact, reading and writing are no longer limited exclusively to books, rather they are associated with diversified digital media integrating text, sound, image, and video. In this context, we developed an exploratory study in a kindergarten with the children and their family members. Data were collected through participant observation, children conversational interviews, and digital narratives produced by children. Data analysis is based on content analysis with NVivo software support. The emergence of literacy is evident in verbal interactions in peer-group work, in contact with the written text, in ＂writing＂ in various media, and in sharing knowledge, discoveries, and digital narratives produced in an online community （http：//janelajardim.ning.com）. This paper presents： （1） a systematic literature review in the field of digital narrative and emergent literacy; （2） the description of children＇s activities concerning interactive multimodal narrative; （3） the results of this work; and （4） the conclusion about contribution of multimodal narratives to the emergence of reading, writing, and digital skills
文摘Environmental writing has attained a new relevance in the 21st century. In the present scenario, environmental writing becomes a social discourse. This is the result of a new, vibrant and growing environmental constituency in societies such as Brazil, India, Thailand and other Third World Countries. The features of environmental writing include a visible concern for social justice, defence of livelihood and the determining part played by women. This new discourse has emerged with a new focus on redefinition of terms like human rights, common good, democracy and CPRs （common property resources）. Environmental Writing becomes a powerful discourse when it protests against the increasingly intrusive and interventionist developmental projects, implemented by the government, which in turn assert dominion over indigenous people of the land. There is also a strong emphasis on prudence among the poor as contrasted to the ecological profligacy of the rich. This paper is an attempt to examine the voices of dissent and the accountability of postmodern writers and environmental activists in India regarding environmental issues in India.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661028)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan(No.417099)Science and Technology Plan Project of Colleges and Universities of Shandong(No.J14LH04)
文摘Rural poverty and poverty reduction are not only the focal issues that have attracted worldwide attention, but also the vital issues on people's livelihood that has attached great importance and aimed to be solved by the central and local governments of China. Based on the survey data of 354 farming households, this paper, taking the national poverty county of Lingao County, Hainan Province for an example, examined the characteristics of rural poverty of the county. Moreover, this paper established the spatial lag model(SLM) from five dimensions, namely, status of the household head, household structure, health status, income composition and traffic accessibility, to analyze the main influencing factors of rural poverty according to the values of Moran's I and the diagnosis of spatial dependence of the OLS model. It is found that the poor farming households gathered mainly in five towns in the north and southwest of the county, and the rural poverty have the characteristics of low educational level of the heads, more minor children, high population of farming peasants, high incidence of disease and low proportion of household wage-equivalent income. The results also showed that the variables such as the number of minor children, the number of migrant worker, the number of farming peasants and the proportion of wage-equivalent income have significant effectiveness on rural poverty, while the status of the household head, health status and traffic accessibility have little influence. It is an important way to realize the goal of poverty alleviation by controlling the number of farmers' fertility, strengthening the vocational skills training of farmers, vigorously developing specialization and large-scale agriculture and increasing the employment opportunities of farmers.
文摘Worldwide,the burden of the non viral causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is usually underestimated.Clearly industrial goods,tobacco,alcohol and processed foods are the agents of new epidemics in modern times which far outscore the burden of infectious agents on morbidity and mortality.Smoking,a dose-related contributing factor for HCC,receives too little attention in clinical practice.In France,tobacco,hepatitis B and C virus and alcohol are the main risk factors for HCC mortality(33%,31% and 26%,respectively).In developing countries,where tobacco consumption is dramatically increasing,this epidemic may soon surpass hepatitis B.Obesity and diabetes are the contributing factors too.The role of industrial processed foods in the increase of the prevalence of obesity and diabetes cannot be ignored.
文摘Despite the fact that BRIC Bank was instituted to enhance the core competitiveness of developing countries, opponents concern it would undermine the status of the World Bank and incurred negative impact. However, as China is one of initiated countries of the BRIC nations, domestic mainstream media witnessed widespread coverage to justify Bank＇s roles. Therefore, this paper, based on Halliday＇s Meta-language Function theory, intends to explore the significance of BRIC Banks from the perspective of domestic mainstream media. Meanwhile, the thesis, combining with corpus research tools and VRIN standard theory （namely Valuable, Rare, Imperfectly, Imitable, Non-Substitutable）, probes into image construction and interprets roles of BRIC Bank in mainstream reports.
文摘The issues of food security are an important aspect of every country for its social and economic growth and the eradication of poverty. It is particularly crucial for satisfying the needs of the ever-growing population in developing countries. Agriculture is the backbone of the people and the economy for developing countries, particularly in highly populated countries such as India, China and South East Asia. The world population is anticipated to rise to 8.3 billion by 2030 and to 9.2 billion by 2050. By that time, to feed the growing population, food production must double to keep pace with the escalating food demand. Agricultural commodities showed increases of 58.9% in import dependency ratio （IDR） as compared to 32.2% in 2013. Thus, this study attempts to review and explore the challenges of food security as well as the opportunities of the seed industry in Malaysia.
文摘My research paper tries to investigate certain pertinent questions which are very important for the solution of today＇s problems which we are facing in a globalised world. They are as follows： （1） By following Jain principles, how one can promote and preserve rights of the individual; （2） In what ways Jain teachings prescribed preventive measures against the violation of human rights; （3） Chronology of Indian political thought and Comparison between Jain and Gandhian human rights. Today, we are facing the problems of infringement, misuse of rights in all walks of our life. We are confronting with the problems of social, economic, and political rights, discrimination between men and women in third world countries. Inequality is rampant. To establish equality-protection, promotion, and preservation of human rights is utmost important need of the day. It is one of ways that by following Jain teachings and principles we can be able to establish equality of rights and peace in the contemporary world. So my research paper will be aptly related with the Congress main theme, the politics in the world of inequality. My paper is an interpretative study which is viewed from the socio-political dimension not from the religious or metaphysical point of view.
文摘Unemployment in the third world countries has led to various negative and positive challenges from brain drain, increased crime cases to emergent of entrepreneurial businesses. This paper examines the Nigerian informal sector and the extent of conformity with proper human resource practices. This paper adopts survey approach in analyzing data to test whether or not SMEs can conform to global HRM practices by analyzing some variables. Graphs and simple statistics were used to test the probability of conformity of informal sector activities with HRM practices in Nigeria. This paper also relied on secondary data from Bureau of Statistics and other government agencies. Past literatures were also examined. It was discovered that due to low capital outlay and inability to access funds from financial institutions, global human resource practices like proper recruitment, training, career development are being ignored.
文摘The role of empathic cognition is very ＂great for philosophers and philosophy in general and for ordinary people. Empathic cognition gives people a chance ＂to let＂ the emotions of the Other ＂go＂ into their minds. Empathic cognition is based on so-called co-suffering and in-sensation of the feelings of the Other or Others. Clots of energy or certain energy units are formed in consciousness of each person, they are called ＂subjective representants＂. It is possible to understand the Other or Others and to decipher the main idea of the poem （if the task to work on translation is given） and to express it in the native language if to find out not only the meanings of the words but the symbols the author has used in his poem. The reader ＂goes into＂ the world of the author trying to be near the author and trying to grasp what the author felt working on the poem. There is something what gives us a possibility to enter into the world of a creative personality. This ＂something＂ is empathic cognition.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671057)Project of Science and Technology Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (No. 200933128)
文摘Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.
文摘On December 2,2014,the World Family Summit＋10 was held in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province.It was jointly organized by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）and World Family Organization,with the theme of＂Families in BalanceBuilding the Future We Want＂.Liu Yandong,Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC and Vice Premier of the State Council delivered a keynote speech.Gu Xiulian,
文摘At the end of 20th Century, the electric energy became a new indicator of world civilization. The era of electricity also put his mark on the Romanian alveolus of civilization. The paper deals with an analysis of the scientific researches and applications which express the results of works of eminent scientists and engineers in electro-techniques and related domains, in Romania, in the first decade of interwar period 1919-1929. The scientific activities developed in many domains of Science are sustained by the significant technical progress in Romania, in this short but relevant period of Tempus in which, in Europe and in other parts of Civitas Terra, was peace.
