For group-living primates, the information on postconflict management is crucial for understanding primate competition and cooperation. However, such information is poorly known for snub-nosed monkeys, especially for ...For group-living primates, the information on postconflict management is crucial for understanding primate competition and cooperation. However, such information is poorly known for snub-nosed monkeys, especially for wild populations. In this study, from September 2007 to June 2008, we investigated postconflict behavior among adult females Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana within one-male units in a wild, provisioned group in the Qinling Mountains of China by means of the time-rule method and the PC-MC method. We obtained a total of 81 PC-MC pairs and each individual was involved in only 0.004 aggressive behavior per observation hour. The first affiliative behavior was more likely to occur within the first minute after a conflict. The postconflict affiliative behaviors most often seen were contact-sit, embrace and grooming. The affiliative contacts between adult females occur due to selective attraction, i.e. reconciliation. The pattern of postconflict affiliation demonstrates that the R. roxellana belongs to a tolerant species.展开更多
Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）....Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.展开更多
Objective To investigate the relationship between geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase （GGPPS） gene polymorphisms and bone response to alendronate in Chinese osteoporotic women. Methods A total of 639 postmenopaus...Objective To investigate the relationship between geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase （GGPPS） gene polymorphisms and bone response to alendronate in Chinese osteoporotic women. Methods A total of 639 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were included and randomly received treatment of low dose （70 mg per two weeks） or standard dose （70 mg weekly） of alendronate for one year. The six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of GGPPS gene were identified. Bone mineral density （BMD）, serum cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen （β-CTX）, and total alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were measured before and after treatment. GGPPS gene polymorphisms and the changes of BMD and bone turnover markers after treatment were analyzed. Results rs10925503 polymorphism of GGPPS gene was correlated to serumβ-CTX levels at baseline, and patients with TT genotype had significantly higher serum β-CTX level than those with TC or CC genotype （all P〈0.05）. No correlation was found between polymorphisms of GGPPS gene and serum total ALP levels, as well as BMD at baseline. After 12 months of treatment, lumbar spine and hip BMD increased and serum bone turnover markers decreased significantly （P〈0.01）, and without obvious differences between the low dose and standard dose groups （all P〉0.05）. However, GGPPS gene polymorphisms were uncorrelated to percentage changes of BMD, serum total ALP, and β-CTX levels （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion GGPPS gene polymorphisms are correlated to osteoclasts activity, but all tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of GGPPS gene have no influence on the skeletal response to alendronate treatment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System （BI-RADS） in the categorization of nonpalpable breast lesions （NPBLs） and to determine its value in aiding decision-making for ...OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System （BI-RADS） in the categorization of nonpalpable breast lesions （NPBLs） and to determine its value in aiding decision-making for biopsy in a Chinese population. METHODS One hundred and seventy-four nonpalpable breast lesions in 155 female patients examined by mammography were retrospectively categorized according to the BI-RAD System, 4th edition, which was established by the American College of Radiology （ACR）. All the lesions were diagnosed by a histopathological analysis after mammographically guided wire-localization biopsy. RESULTS The 174 Iocalizations yielded 125 （71.8%） benign lesions and 49 （28.2%） cancers, including 14 （28.6%） ductal carcinomas in situ and 35 （71.4%） invasive cancers. The overall positive predictive value （PPV） for cancer was 28.2% （49/174）. After categorization according to the BI- RAD System, there were 12 category 2, 59 category 3, 83 category 4 and 20 category 5 lesions. The PPV for cancer for each category were 0% （0 of 12 lesions） in category 2, 3.4% （2 of 59 lesions） in category 3, 37.3% （31 of 83 lesions） in category 4 and 80.0% （16 of 20 lesions） in category 5. t is concluded that BI-RADS is valuable for the catego- rization of nonpalpable breast lesions in our Chinese population. This system greatly improved the diagnostic specificity of nonpalpable breast lesions and was feasible in aiding decision-making for biopsy. It is suggested that nonpalpable breast lesions in categories BI-RADS 4 and 5 should receive a biopsy because these lesions have a moderate and high positive predictive value for cancer.展开更多
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30970444, No. 30770375, No. 30630016)the Cosmo Oil Eco Card Fund of Japan (2005-2010) support
文摘For group-living primates, the information on postconflict management is crucial for understanding primate competition and cooperation. However, such information is poorly known for snub-nosed monkeys, especially for wild populations. In this study, from September 2007 to June 2008, we investigated postconflict behavior among adult females Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana within one-male units in a wild, provisioned group in the Qinling Mountains of China by means of the time-rule method and the PC-MC method. We obtained a total of 81 PC-MC pairs and each individual was involved in only 0.004 aggressive behavior per observation hour. The first affiliative behavior was more likely to occur within the first minute after a conflict. The postconflict affiliative behaviors most often seen were contact-sit, embrace and grooming. The affiliative contacts between adult females occur due to selective attraction, i.e. reconciliation. The pattern of postconflict affiliation demonstrates that the R. roxellana belongs to a tolerant species.
文摘Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570802)National Key Program of Clinical Science(WBYZ2011-873)
文摘Objective To investigate the relationship between geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase （GGPPS） gene polymorphisms and bone response to alendronate in Chinese osteoporotic women. Methods A total of 639 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were included and randomly received treatment of low dose （70 mg per two weeks） or standard dose （70 mg weekly） of alendronate for one year. The six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of GGPPS gene were identified. Bone mineral density （BMD）, serum cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen （β-CTX）, and total alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were measured before and after treatment. GGPPS gene polymorphisms and the changes of BMD and bone turnover markers after treatment were analyzed. Results rs10925503 polymorphism of GGPPS gene was correlated to serumβ-CTX levels at baseline, and patients with TT genotype had significantly higher serum β-CTX level than those with TC or CC genotype （all P〈0.05）. No correlation was found between polymorphisms of GGPPS gene and serum total ALP levels, as well as BMD at baseline. After 12 months of treatment, lumbar spine and hip BMD increased and serum bone turnover markers decreased significantly （P〈0.01）, and without obvious differences between the low dose and standard dose groups （all P〉0.05）. However, GGPPS gene polymorphisms were uncorrelated to percentage changes of BMD, serum total ALP, and β-CTX levels （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion GGPPS gene polymorphisms are correlated to osteoclasts activity, but all tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of GGPPS gene have no influence on the skeletal response to alendronate treatment.
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System （BI-RADS） in the categorization of nonpalpable breast lesions （NPBLs） and to determine its value in aiding decision-making for biopsy in a Chinese population. METHODS One hundred and seventy-four nonpalpable breast lesions in 155 female patients examined by mammography were retrospectively categorized according to the BI-RAD System, 4th edition, which was established by the American College of Radiology （ACR）. All the lesions were diagnosed by a histopathological analysis after mammographically guided wire-localization biopsy. RESULTS The 174 Iocalizations yielded 125 （71.8%） benign lesions and 49 （28.2%） cancers, including 14 （28.6%） ductal carcinomas in situ and 35 （71.4%） invasive cancers. The overall positive predictive value （PPV） for cancer was 28.2% （49/174）. After categorization according to the BI- RAD System, there were 12 category 2, 59 category 3, 83 category 4 and 20 category 5 lesions. The PPV for cancer for each category were 0% （0 of 12 lesions） in category 2, 3.4% （2 of 59 lesions） in category 3, 37.3% （31 of 83 lesions） in category 4 and 80.0% （16 of 20 lesions） in category 5. t is concluded that BI-RADS is valuable for the catego- rization of nonpalpable breast lesions in our Chinese population. This system greatly improved the diagnostic specificity of nonpalpable breast lesions and was feasible in aiding decision-making for biopsy. It is suggested that nonpalpable breast lesions in categories BI-RADS 4 and 5 should receive a biopsy because these lesions have a moderate and high positive predictive value for cancer.
