一九九四:荧屏走红《中国模特》

当电视连续剧《北京人在纽约》在中央电视台黄金时间隆重播出，并以绝对的喝彩声赢得广大电视观众普遍赞誉时，一次更为巨大的壮观的电视制作行动却轰动了影视界，国内外的新闻媒体也对此做出了迅速反应，几亿中国电视观众翘首期待着它的问世，这就是11位名作家联袂制造出来的冲击：来自二十集电视系列剧《中国模特》的冲击。

Model and Characteristics of China's Service Sector Reform during 1978-2016

This paper intends to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of China＇s service sector reform during 1978-2016 and characterize the model of the service sector reform. Due to unique national conditions and development journey, China＇s service sector reform was carried out in the context of China＇s overall reform and opening-up program based on non-industrial motivations with a pragmatic approach to improve both people＇s livelihood and efficiency and address practical problems facing China in various stages of its development, putting aside theoretical controversies. How to further improve the model of China＇s service sector reform that came into shape in such a unique historical context and advance service sector reform is an important yet arduous task.

Does knowledge of physical activity recommendations increase physical activity among Chinese college students？ Empirical investigations based on the transtheoretical model

Background: Based on the transtheoretical model, the current study investigated whether awareness of physical activity(PA) recommendations had an impact on the stages of PA behavior change and levels of PA among Chinese college students.Methods: In Study 1, with a cross-sectional study design, 9826 students were recruited, and their knowledge of international PA recommendations,PA stage distribution, and self-reported PA level were surveyed. Pearson's χ2 test was used to test whether those participants who were aware and not aware of PA guidelines were equally distributed across the stages of PA behavior, and independent t test was conducted to test the group difference in the actual levels of PA. In Study 2, 279 students who were not aware of the PA recommendations were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group, and only those in the intervention group were presented with international PA guidelines. In both groups,students' PA stages and PA level were examined before the test and then 4 months post-test. Mc Nemar's test for correlated proportions and repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted to examine the changes in PA stage membership and PA level after the intervention.Results: Study 1 results revealed that only 4.4% of the surveyed students had correct knowledge of PA recommendations. Those who were aware of the recommendations were in later stages of PA behavior(χ~2(4) = 167.19, p < 0.001). They were also significantly more physically active than those who were not aware of the recommendations(t(443.71) = 9.00, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.53). Study 2 results demonstrated that the intervention group participants who were at the precontemplation and contemplation stages at the pre-test each progressed further in the PA stages in the post-test(χ~2(1) = 112.06, p < 0.001; χ~2(1) = 118.76, p = 0.03, respectively), although no significant change in PA level was observed(t(139) < 1, p = 0.89).Conclusion: The results showed that awareness of the PA recommendations was associated with higher stages and levels of PA behavior, and a brief educational exposure to PA recommendations led to improved stages of PA behavior but no change in the levels of PA among Chinese college students. More effective public health campaign strategies are needed to promote the dissemination of the PA recommendations and to raise the awareness of the Chinese student population.

Foreign Direct Investment with Chinese Characteristics:A Middle Path Between Ownership-Location-Internalization Model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning Model

The majority of multinational enterprises （MNEs） traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment （FDI） from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization （0LI） model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning （LLL） model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally： the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.

Environmental Capacity of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Jiaozhou Bay, China: Modeling and Calculation

An environmental capacity model for the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutions （PHs） in Jiaozhou Bay is constructed based on field surveys, mesocosm, and parallel laboratory experiments. Simulated results of PHs seasonal successions in 2003 match the field surveys of Jiaozhou Bay resaonably well with a highest value in July. The Monte Carlo analysis confirms that the variation of PHs concentration significantly correlates with the river input. The water body in the bay is reasonably subjected to self-purification processes, such as volatilization to the atmosphere, biodegradation by microorganism, and transport to the Yellow Sea by water exchange. The environmental capacity of PHs in Jiaozhou Bay is 1500 tons per year IF the seawater quality criterion （Grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ, 0.05 mgLl） in the region is to be satisfied. The contribution to self-purification by volatilization, biodegradation, and transport to the Yellow Sea accounts for 48%, 28%, and 23%, respectively, which make these three processes the main ways of PHs purification in Jiaozhou Bay.

TIDAL FEATURES IN THE CHINA SEAS AND THEIR ADJACENT SEA AREAS AS DERIVED FROM TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETER DATA

Some important tidal features of 8 major tidal constituents ( M 2, S 2, K 1, O 1, P 1, Sa, N 2 and K 2 ) in the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas were obtained using six years’ TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data. The results showed that the obtained co tidal and co range charts for these major tidal constituents agreed well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations and numerical models.

A Novel Feature-based Method for Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Product Reviews

Sentiment analysis of online reviews and other user generated content is an important research problem for its wide range of applications.In this paper,we propose a feature-based vector model and a novel weighting algorithm for sentiment analysis of Chinese product reviews.Specifically,an opinionated document is modeled by a set of feature-based vectors and corresponding weights.Different from previous work,our model considers modifying relationships between words and contains rich sentiment strength descriptions which are represented by adverbs of degree and punctuations.Dependency parsing is applied to construct the feature vectors.A novel feature weighting algorithm is proposed for supervised sentiment classification based on rich sentiment strength related information.The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with a state of the art method using term level weighting algorithms.

Regional Clustering and Synchronization of Provincial Business Fluctuations in China

In this article, we propose a novel, multilevel, dynamic factor model, to determine endogenously clustered regions for the investigation of regional clustering and synchronization of provincial business fluctuations in China. The parameter identification and model estimation was conducted using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. We then conducted an empirical study of the provincial business fluctuations in China(31 Chinese provinces are considered except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan due to the data unavailability), which were sampled from January 2000 to December 2015. Our results indicated that these provinces could be clustered into four regions: leading, coincident, lagging, and overshooting. In comparison with traditional geographical divisions, this novel clustering into four regions enabled the regional business cycle synchronization to be more accurately captured. Within the four regional clusters it was possible to identify substantial heterogeneities among regional business cycle fluctuations, especially during the periods of the 2008 financial crisis and the ‘four-trillion economic stimulus plan'.

Vegetation Traits and Soil Properties in Response to Utilization Patterns of Grassland in Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China

Numerous studies have focused on vegetation traits and soil properties in grassland, few of which concerned about effects of human utilization patterns on grassland yet. Thus, this study hypothesized that human disturbance(e.g., grazing, mowing and fencing) triggered significant variation of biomass partitioning and carbon reallocation. Besides, there existed some differences of species diversity and soil fertility. To address these hypotheses of grassland with diverse utilization patterns in Hulun Buir City, Inner Mongolia, China, we sampled in situ about aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass(BGB) to evaluate their biomass allocation. Species diversity and soil properties were also investigated. Subsequently, we discussed the relationship of species diversity with environmental conditions, using data collected from 23 sites during the ecological project period of Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG) program. The results were as follows: 1) both AGB and BGB were lower on grazing regime than those on fencing and mowing, but the ratio of root-to-shoot(R/S) was higher on grazing regime than the other two utilization patterns; 2) neither of evenness and Simpson Index was different significantly among all grassland utilization patterns in desert, typical, and meadow grassland at 0.05. In meadow grassland, species richness of fencing pattern was significantly higher than that of grazing pattern(p < 0.05); 3) both of soil organic carbon content and soil available phosphorous content were increased significantly on fencing pattern than grazing pattern(p < 0.05) in desert grassland, and mowing patterns increased the soil nutrients(soil organic carbon, soil total phosphorous, soil available phosphorous, and soil total nitrogen) significantly compared with grazing patterns(p < 0.05) in typical grassland. However, there were no significant differences among utilization patterns in meadow grassland. In conclusion, both of AGB and BGB were increased significantly by fencing. Moreover, species diversity and soil nutrients can be promoted via mowing and fencing. This study suggested that implementation of Ecological Project played a positive role in sustainable grassland utilization of Hulun Buir City and a strong positive influence on the entire temperate grassland.

China＇s Land System and Its Extraordinary Infrastructure Development

Over the past two decades, China's infrastructure development has been extraordinary in the sense that it far exceeds GDP growth rate and unconventional in the sense that it cannot be explained with existing theories on infrastructure development.This paper found that the transformation of China's land system is an important clue:China's extraordinary infrastructure development is a result that can be explained with the transformation of its land system. Theoretically, this paper proves that with other conditions held constant, the difference of land systems has a significant effect on the optimal infrastructure supply of regions. Empirically, it can be found through the test of cross-country panel data that the transformation of China's land system around the 1990 s indeed exerted an overall impact on China's extraordinary infrastructure development. This paper implies that China's "land-supported infrastructure development" model has been pivotal to its extraordinary infrastructure development. Under the Belt and Road Initiative,China's experience of land-supported infrastructure development is of broad significance for developing countries to boost their infrastructure development.

中国模特——“高攀”欧美

模特表演和选美比赛．都是从外国学来的，这个不用有学问也能知道。这两样，我看也差不多．都是要穿各样的霓裳羽衣在台上走．都是要有相当的身高，以及好的形体、相貌和所谓气质等。

Construction of Network Legal Supervision Mode With Chinese Characteristics

Localizing network legal supervision based on national conditions, legal traditions and the needs of economic and political development is the basis to manage and administrate the network by law. Adjusted to media convergence and the needs of network cultural industry development, China has made the lawmaking of media transform from practical service oriented management to functional oriented management of media. This strategy aims to prevent network medium risk effectively according to network communication regularity.

3-D BAROCLINIC NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA I. UPPER CIRCULATION

A three dimensional baroclinic shelf sea model was employed to simulate the seasonal characteristics of the South China Sea (SCS) upper circulation. The results showed that: in summer, an anticyclonic eddy, after its formation between the Bashi Channel and Dongsha Islands in the northeastern SCS, moves southwestward until it disperses slowly. There exists a northward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo China Peninsula in the western SCS and an anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS. But at the end of summer and beginning of autumn, a weak local cyclonic eddy forms in the Nansha Trough, then grows slowly and moves westward till it becomes a cyclonic gyre in the southern SCS in autumn. At the beginning of winter, there exists a cyclonic gyre in the northern and southern SCS, and there is a southward western boundary current along the east shore of the Indo China Peninsula. But at the end of winter, an anticyclonic eddy grows and moves toward the western boundary after forming in the Nansha Trough. The eddy’s movement induces a new opposite sign eddy on its eastern side, while the strength of the southward western boundary current gets weakened. This phenomenon continues till spring and causes eddies in the southern SCS.

Analysis on Cultural and Aesthetic Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Patterns

China traditional patterns are of various kinds,and the performance of the content is also very rich.In the development of traditional pattern evolvement process,it experienced a plurality of historical period change,and it has a certain period of time the representative style, so the traditional patterns have more cultural meaning.We can say that development track Of traditional pattern have a close relationship with the Chinese history and culture ,which reflects the aesthetic characteristics of different cultural background of each period.In this paper, from the analysis of Chinese traditional patterns of aesthetic characteristics in different periods,it researches the cultural meaning of traditional patterns.

Main Factors on Energy Efficiency in East China during 1995-2010： An Analysis Based on the SBM-Tobit Model

Applying the slacks-based measure （SBM）-Tobit two-stage model, this paper analyzes energy efficiency in eastern China. First, the SBM model featured in taking non- desired output in calculation was employed to evaluate the energy efficiency in eastern China from 1995 to 2010. The results show that Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangdong have the highest energy efficiency while Hebei has the lowest. Next, we used the panel Tobit model to perform a regression on factors affecting energy efficiency. Our results show that optimizing industrial structure, improving energy structure and enhancing the level of economic reform can contribute to improving energy efficiency. Government influence and technological progress, on the other hand, affect energy efficiency insignificantly. The influence of socio-economic development on the energy efficiency goes from negative to positive, which adheres to the Kuznets curve hypothesis. Our findings are that the socio-economic development in eastern China has not yet passed the ＂turning point of the Kuznets curve ＂.

Employment and Wage Effects of RMB Exchange Rate for Manufacturing Sectors in China and the US

By creating a labor market dynamic general equilibrium model, this paper derives the pass-through mechanism of exchange rate's employment and wage effects,carries out an empirical study on the employment and wage effects of RMB exchange rate for manufacturing sectors in China and the United States based on ridge regression, and examines the role of industry characteristics in this process. Research findings suggest that: RMB depreciation will drive employment and wage growth for most of China's laborintensive manufacturing sectors, and RMB appreciation will increase employment for certain capital-and technology-intensive sectors; but RMB depreciation has insignificant employment and wage effects for most sectors in the US. Hence, in achieving the longterm stability of RMB exchange rate, China should take advantage of RMB appreciation's manufacturing upgrade effect and ensure the steady growth of manufacturing employment.The US should make breakthroughs in various links of its economic development in order to tackle unemployment, instead of blaming RMB exchange rate. In addition, the nature of business activities and trade union characteristic are both significant factors that lead to differences in inter-sector employment levels of Chinese and US manufacturing sectors.Technology characteristic and other monopolistic characteristics exert decisive effects on the difference of wage return for various sectors in China and the US.

Classification of estuaries in China based on eutrophication susceptibility to nutrient load

Recently, environmental pressures along coasts have increased substantially. Classification of estuaries according to their sus- ceptibility to eutrophication nutrient load is a useful method to determine priority management objects and to enforce control measures. Using historical monitoring data from 2007 to 2012, from 65 estuaries, including 101 estuarine monitoring sections and 260 coastal monitoring stations, a nutrient-driven phytoplankton dynamic model was developed based on the relationship among phytoplankton biomass, Total Nitrogen （TN） load and physical features of estuaries. The ecological filter effect of es- tuaries was quantified by introducing conversion efficiency parameter values into the model. Markov Chain Monte Carlo algo- rithm of Bayesian inference was then employed to estimate parameters in the mode/. The developed model fitted well to the observed chlorophyll, primary production, grazing, and sinking rates. The analysis suggests that an estuary with Q/V （the ratio of river flow to estuarine volume） greater than 2.0 per year and e （conversion efficiency ratio） less than 1.0 g C/g N can be classified as less susceptible to TN load, Q/V between 0.7 to 2.0 per year and e between 1.0 to 3.0 g C/g N as moderately sus- ceptible, and e greater than 3.0 g C/g N as very susceptible. The estuaries with Q/V less than 0.7 per year vary greatly in their susceptibility. The estuaries with high and moderate susceptibility accounted for 67% of all the analyzed estuaries. They have relatively high eutrophication risks and should be the focus of environmental supervision and pollution prevention.