从《中西医药》看民国时期中医语境和发展境遇

20世纪30年代,中西医双方在社会政治和文化背景下展开了以中医科学化为核心的论争。中医药话语的建构与分析,是近代中国一道重要的社会景观,医药期刊则是这一过程发生的重要场域,期刊学术层面的探讨可以让问题更加具体明确。以《中西医药》期刊为视角,窥视彼时双方关于中医的学术语境和发展境遇,中西医论争一方面彰显了学术自由风气,另一方面亦含有认为中医不科学的意向;学者主要借助国家现代化、医药科学化、民族健康化等口号对中医提出诸多改进意见;中医在反复论争的环境下并没有褪去勇气,反而愈加历久弥新。

A Comparative Analysis of the Administration of Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the application and administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,aiming at providing guidance and reference for clinical medication for treatment of diabetes.[Method] The main types,dosages and prices of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014 were compared and analyzed using the computer network system.[Result] During 2012-2014,sales quantity and sales amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College demonstrated an upward trend.[Conclusion] Integrative medicine can significantly improve symptoms of diabetes complications.Certain achievements have been made in diabetes treatment by Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE AND WESTERN MEDICINES FOR TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PALSY

Subjective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in treatment of acute peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: A total of 80 cases of facial palsy were randomly divided into acupuncture group (n=50) and Western medicine (control) group (n=30). In acupuncture group, Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sibai (ST 2), Yangbai (GB 14), etc. were punctured, combined with TDP radiation, cupping or administration of Chinese medicinal herbs according to the concrete situations. Acupuncture treatment was given once daily, with 6 days being a therapeutic course, continuously for 4 courses. In control group, patients were treated with intravenous injection of “energy mixture”, dexamethasone, compound Danshen injectio, etc.. Results: After treatment, in acupuncture group, of the 50 cases, 48 were cured and 2 had improvement, with the effective rate being 100%; among them, 12 cases were cured in 7 days, 23 cured in 8～14 days, 10 cured in 15～21 days and 3 cured in 22～28 days. In control group, of the 30 cases, 19 were cured, 8 had improvement and 3 had no apparent changes, with the effective rate being 90%. Of the 19 cured cases, 5 were cured within 8～14 days, 10 cured in 15～21 days and 4 cured in 22～28 days. Conclusion: In treatment of acute periphery facial palsy, acupuncture is obviously superior to Western medicines in the therapeutic effect and cure duration.

Good Medicine Tastes Bitter

Feeling peaky？Let＇s learn some words on medicine in Chinese.Compared to西医（xi yi）,Western medicine,中医（zhong yi）,traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）,and Chinese herbs seem a little bit mysterious.The character for＂medicine＂in Chinese has a radical which means herb,probably because药草（yao cao）,Chinese medicinal herbs,are the fundamental elements of中药学（zhong yao xue）.

Clinical characteristics of 96 patients with drug-induced acute liver failure:a comparison between Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To compare the causes, clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and prognosis in patients with acute liver failure(ALF) induced by traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) and by Western Medicines(WM).METHODS: The medical histories of patients who were diagnosed with drug-induced ALF(DALF)(n =96) after hospitalization in the 302 Military Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrospectively examined.RESULTS: Fifty-eight of the 96 DALF patients(60.4%) had a hepatocellular pattern of DALF, 16 patients(16.7%) had a cholestatic pattern, and 22 patients(22.9%) had a mixed pattern. DALF resolved in 24 patients(25.0%). Twenty-five patients(26.0%)developed chronic liver injury, 43 patients(44.8%)died, and 4 patients(4.2%) underwent liver transplantation. There were 42 ALF patients(43.8%) who received WM, and 32 ALF patients(33.3%) who received TCM. TCM-induced ALF patients had a higher average age [42.4 ± 18.4) vs(33.5 ± 17.9) years,P = 0.04] and higher creatinine and urine nitrogen levels [(155.2 ± 108.8) vs(97.5 ± 130.4) mmol/L, P =0.047;(9.1 ± 7.7) vs(4.3 ± 5.0) mmol/L, P = 0.002, respectively]. Patients with TCM-induced ALF exhibited an increased risk of renal injury [odds ratio(OR),3.75; 95% confidence interval(CI), 1.330-10.577].The 14 patients with TCM-induced ALF who died exhibited higher creatinine levels than the 18 patients with TCM-induced ALF patients who survived[(218.7 ± 111.6) vs(105.8 ± 78.4) mmol/L, P =0.002]. They were also more likely to exhibit ascites(85.7% vs 44.4%, P = 0.017) and hepatorenal syndrome(78.6% vs 22.2%, P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: TCM-induced ALF was more likely to be accompanied by renal injury than was WM-induced ALF, especially in TCM-induced ALF patients who died.

Characteristics and Advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective: To obtain epidemiological data on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapeutic status of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine TCM characteristics and advantages to improve the level of TCM prevention and treatment of AMI. Methods: Clinical epidemiology methods were used to register and survey the TCM therapeutic status of hospitalized AMI patients. In 2001, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine surveyed the therapeutic status of 3308 AMI patients hospitalized in 30 hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai from 2000-2001. The Beijing Collaborative Study Group on Therapeutic Status of Acute Myocardial Infarction (the Study Group) then conducted a 10-year-long register survey on hospitalized AMI patients in Third-grade A-Level TCM hospitals in Beijing. After 2002, the Study Group further surveyed the treatment conditions of AMI-hospitalized patients in 10 Second-grade A-Level TCM hospitals. The therapeutic status in 8 Third-grade A-Level Western medicine hospitals was surveyed in 2001 and 2005 as a control. In 2008, in cooperation with the China Association of Chinese Medicine, the Study Group further performed a survey at 26 Third-grade A-Level TCM hospitals nation-wide. Approximately 5000 cases were investigated to obtain authoritative data on the therapeutic status of AMI patients in TCM hospitals in China. Results: We found that Chinese herbal intravenous preparations may be beneficial in reducing the mortality of AMI. Major complications of AMI, such as heart failure and arrhythmia, were significantly less during the 10-year survey period. The mortality of hospitalized AMI patients showed a decline. TCM treatment was helpful for AMI patients in improving their quality of life. Ten-year dynamic monitoring showed that the ability to perform reperfusion and to use drugs appropriately, as well as an effort to carry out the Clinical Guidelines has made great progress in TCM hospitals. However, TCM hospitals still have some problems in treating AMI, including a lack of standardized TCM syndrome diagnosis, the need for syndrome differentiation and treatment standardization, and clinical skills in reperfusion and standardized drug treatment still need to be further improved. Compared with AMI patients in Western medicine hospitals during the same period, those in TCM hospitals had the following characteristics: they were admitted to hospital later; they were older when they had a heart attack; there were more females, they had more problems in their medical history, and they had more concomitant illnesses and complications. Therefore, the demographic baseline data were significantly different between AMI patients in TCM hospitals and those in Western medicine hospitals. This indicated that patients in TCM hospitals were more critical than those in Western medicine hospitals. Conclusions: TCM has special advantages in treating AMI. TCM hospitals are making continuous progress in standardized treatment of AMI, but further improvement is still required. AMI patients in TCM hospitals have some special characteristics, and their condition may be more critical. Further clinical research on TCM treatment of AMI is required.

Integrated Chinese-western therapy versus western therapy alone on survival rate in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer at middlelate stage

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of integrated Chinese-Western therapy versus Western therapy alone on the survival rate of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at middle-late stage and to evaluate prognostic factors. METHODS: We selected 98 inpatients with middle-late stage NSCLC diagnosed from March 2009 to March 2011 and randomly divided them into two groups, with 49 cases in each group, and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.The control group was treated by the combined methods of Western Medicine, including chemotherapy, supportive treatment and symptomatic treatment. The observation group was treated by injection and prescriptions of Chinese medicine based on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation and by the same combined methods of western treatment used in the control group. After treatment, the survival rates of the patients were compared by the stage of cancer and evaluation of 24 prognostic factors analyzed by a Cox regressionmodel, and the clinical data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The survival rates of all patients were over 90.0% at 1 and 3 months after treatment with no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05); In the observation group the survival rates at 6 months and 1 year were 93.4% and 42.8%, respectively, being superior to 85.6% and 18.3% in the control group (P<0.05). The median survival time in the observation group was superior to the control group (P<0.05); The effects of 24 prognostic factors were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Integrated Chinese-western therapy can significantly improve the survival rate in patients with middle-late stage NSCLC and improve prognostic factors compared with western therapy alone.

Meta-analysis on integrative medicine for the treatment of malignant ascites: a comparative study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine with that of only Western Medicine for the treatment of malignant ascites.METHODS: All randomized controlled trials(January 2004 to March 2013) from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Database were searched with keywords. Meta-analysis was conducted by combining the odds ratios of the individual studies. Review Manager 5.0 was used for the analysis.RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and fifty-six patients from 19 randomized controlled trails were included. Of them, 630 patients were treated with integrated Chinese and Western Medicine(the integrative group), and 526 patients were treated with Western Medicine alone(the control group). The Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78.73% in the integrated group, and 59.13% in the control group. The effective percentage was sig-nificantly higher in the integrative group than that of the control group [OR = 2.85, 95% CI(2.16,3.74),P < 0.01].CONCLUSION: The short-term curative effect in the integrative group was better than that in the control group. Integrative medicine may be beneficial for malignant ascites.

Visual Translations： Medicine, Art, China and the West

In the history of medicine, relatively little attention has been paid to the way medical illustration circulated globally---or to the issues raised by the cultural ＂translation＂ of such images. My goal here is to flesh out some of the history of this circulation and translation by exploring the aesthetic and medical connections be- tween two specific anatomical collections, both housed at the Gordon Pathology Museum at Guy＇s Hospital, London. The Joseph Towne collection of anatomical waxes and the Lam Qua paintings of the patients of medical missionary Peter Parker were both produced in the nineteenth century. Significantly, the two collections were part of related but culturally specific shifts in the way bodies （and diseased bodies） were viewed, represented, understood and treated. I explore some of the convergences and divergences between Western and Chinese medical and artistic priorities and will address some of the issues raised by them. These two collections are important, I argue, because they demonstrate how aesthetic considerations shape medical knowledge and wider attitudes about the human body.

Comparison of clinical effectiveness of acupuncture and a Western drug on allergic rhinitis:study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE： To compare the efficacy of an acu- puncture regimen for persistent allergic rhinitis （PER）, aimed at improving a patient＇s mind or Shen in Traditional Chinese Medicine, to that of a sec- ond-generation H-receptor antagonist, cetirizine hydrochloride. METHODS： This multicenter, randomized, con- trolled clinical trial on PER will be conducted at three institutions in China. The total study period will be 9 weeks. After a 1-week preparatory screen- ing period, 240 eligible participants with PER willbe randomized to receive acupuncture or pharma- cotherapy （1： 1） for 4 weeks with a 4-week fol- low-up. The primary outcome will be changes in 7-day average total nasal symptom score. Second- ary outcome measures include rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire score and total non-na- sal symptom score. RESULTS： The presence and seriousness of psycho- logical and emotional impairments should be con- sidered in therapeutic programs for allergic rhinitis. No clinical trial for treating allergic rhinitis via acu- puncture regulation of psychological and emotion- al activities has been reported. CONCLUSION： The findings of the trial will allow us to determine the effects of the mind （Shen）-regula- tion treatment approach. We will also be able to confirm if the effects of acupuncture are equivalent to those of the conventional drug cetirizine hydro- chloride.