“左”倾思潮中知识分子的精神突围——评陈徒手《人有病、天知否:1949年后中国文坛纪实》

《人有病、天知否》这本书真实再现了特定历史背景下知识分子的无奈悲剧,透视了"左"倾思潮中知识分子从"言由心生"到"言不由衷"再到"外圆内方",最终被逼走向绝路的状况。1949年后的中国文坛是复杂的,知识分子试图在这些制度和话语的约束下完成精神突围,却未成功。

Concise review: Interferon-free treatment of hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis and liver graft infection

Chronic hepatitis C is a major reason for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and a leading cause for liver transplantation. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents lead to(pegylated) interferon-alfa free antiviral therapy regimens with a remarkable increase in sustained virologic response(SVR) rates and opened therapeutic options for patients with advanced cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. This concise review gives an overview about most current prospective trials and cohort analyses for treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. In patients with compensated cirrhosis Child-Pugh-Turcotte(CTP) class A, all approved agents are safe and SVR rates do not significantly differ from patients without cirrhosis in general. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis CTP class B or C, daclastasvir, ledipasvir, velpatasvir, and sofosbuvir are approved, and SVR rates higher than 90% can be achieved. Especially for patients with a model of end stage liver disease score higher than 15 and therefore eligible for liver transplantation, data is scarce. Reported SVR rates in patients with cirrhosis CTP class C are lower compared to patients with a less severe liver disease. In liver transplant recipients with a maximum of CTP class A, SVR rates are comparable to patients without LT. Patients with decompensated graft cirrhosis should be treated on an individual basis.

Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis antibiotic treatment in the era of multi-drug resistance pathogens: A systematic review

To systematically review literature upon aetiology of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (N-SBP) given the rising importance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. METHODSA literature search was performed on MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 15th of November 2016, using the following search strategy: “spontaneous” AND “peritonitis”. RESULTSThe initial search through electronic databases retrieved 2556 records. After removing duplicates, 1958 records remained. One thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of them were excluded on the basis of the screening of titles and abstract, and the ensuing number of remaining articles was 223. Of these records, after careful evaluation, only 9 were included in the qualitative analysis. The overall proportion of MDR bacteria turned out to be from 22% to 73% of cases across the studies. CONCLUSIONN-SBP is caused, in a remarkable proportion, by MDR pathogens. This should prompt a careful re-assessment of guidelines addressing the treatment of this clinical entity.

Development and validation of a simple and multifaceted instrument,GERD-TEST,for the clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspeptic symptoms

To evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly developed questionnaire, known as the gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test (GERD-TEST), in patients with GERD.METHODSJapanese patients with predominant GERD symptoms recruited according to the Montreal definition were treated for 4 wk using a standard dose of proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The GERD-TEST and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8) were administered at baseline and after 4 wk of treatment. The GERD-TEST contains three domains: the severity of GERD and functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms (5 items), the level of dissatisfaction with daily life (DS) (4 items), and the therapeutic efficacy as assessed by the patients and medication compliance (4 items).RESULTSA total of 290 patients were eligible at baseline; 198 of these patients completed 4 wk of PPI therapy. The internal consistency reliability as evaluated using the Cronbach’s α values for the GERD, FD and DS subscales ranged from 0.75 to 0.82. The scores for the GERD, FD and DS items/subscales were significantly correlated with the physical and mental component summary scores of the SF-8. After 4 wk of PPI treatment, the scores for the GERD items/subscales were greatly reduced, ranging in value from 1.51 to 1.87 and with a large effect size (P < 0.0001, Cohen’s d; 1.29-1.63). Statistically significant differences in the changes in the scores for the GERD items/subscales were observed between treatment responders and non-responders (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONThe GERD-TEST has a good reliability, a good convergent and concurrent validity, and is responsive to the effects of treatment. The GERD-TEST is a simple, easy to understand, and multifaceted PRO instrument applicable to both clinical trials and the primary care of GERD patients.

人有病,天知否?——“冷漠生存”报告

生活节奏加快，物质欲望膨胀，传统道德流失……在现代人富足的物质享受背后，是日益凋蔽的精神家园，温情脉脉的面纱下，掩盖着人际交往中越来越强的功利性与目的性：

Common parameters of acupuncture for the treatment of hypertension used in animal models

Hypertension is associated with at least 7.6 million annual deaths worldwide.While pharmacotherapy may provide good control for blood pressure,it sometimes induces adverse effects.Meanwhile,acupuncture has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases,such as hypertension,coronary artery disease,and stroke,but its mechanisms of actions remain poorly understood.The efficacy of acupuncture depends on multiple constituent elements including acupoints,manipulation skills,and implementation programs,which are termed as acupuncture prescription.This review summarized the previous information of experimental use of acupuncture on animals including species,hypertension models,acupoints selection,acupoint location,stimulation protocols,and evaluation of effectiveness to provide useful guidance for researchers when performing acupuncture in animal experiments.