Study on Detection of Organochlorine Pesticide Residue in Ginseng

To investigate the residue situation of pesticides in ginseng, total 17 samples of ginseng-growing soil, ginseng roots and ginseng seeds were collected from 5 regions of Fusong County, and the contents of organochlorine pesticide residues in the samples were detected by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography with acetone-ligroin as the solvent, thereby providing suitable recommendations and scientific basis for the selection of ginseng-growing soil.

Design and analysis of a bisected wheel-based cable climbing robot

To inspect inner wires of the cylindrical cables on a cable-stayed bridge, a new bisected wheel-based cable climbing robot is designed. The simple structure and the moving mode are described and the static features of the robot are analyzed. A cable with a diameter of 139 mm is selected as an example to calculate the design parameters of the robot. For safety energysaving landing in the case of electrical system failure, an electric damper based on back electromotive force and a gas damper with a slider-crank mechanism are introduced to exhaust the energy generated by gravity when the robot is slipping down along the cables. A simplified mathematical model is analyzed and the landing velocity is simulated. For the present design, the robot can climb up a cable with diameters varying from 65 to 205 mm with payloads below 3.5 kg. Several climbing experiments performed on real cables confirm that the proposed robot meets the demands of inspection.

Study on the Floating Plant Climatic Adaptation of Undercurrent Constructed Wetland in North China

[Objective] The aim was to choose appropriate floating plant in the wetland in the north China.[Method] Pistia stratiotes L.,Eichhornia crassipes,and Hydrocharis dubia（Bl.） Backer were planted in the aquatic biological pool of constructed subsurface flow wetland system in the reservoir.Through filed investigation,the growth of the three kinds of plants was studied and their adaptability to the northern climate was concluded.[Result] Judging from the growth speed and state of the three kinds of floating plants,the biological characteristic of Pistia stratiotes L.can perfectly adapt the environment in the pool in the reservoir,followed by the Eichhornia crassipes.The growth state of the Hydrocharis dubia（Bl.） Backer was the worst one and it can not adapt to the north environment.[Conclusion] It provided references for the choice of artificial floating plant in the north area.

UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC MODEL OF ISOLATED ROTORIN LARGE-AMPLITUDE MANEUVERS

To improve the rotor off-axis response prediction, aerodynamic models must include the wake distortion effects of the maneuvering rotor. And the crux of the matter is to obtain a precise wake curvature parameter KR. A Peters-He finite-state wake model is improved to incorporate the operating-state-dependent KR to embody maneuver-induced effects. The curvature parameter KR varies with rotor forward speed, thrust and maneuvering angular rate according to a smoking experiment. Moreover, aerodynamic force/moment experiment indicates that after a quasi-step angular input, both on-axis and off-axis rotor responses show that an overshoot and its amplitude increases with the pitching rate. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows that the operating-state-accurate curvature parameter must be adopted to obtain accurate aerodynamic forces/moments, especially for the off-axis response. Additionally, combined with a dynamic wake distortion model, the obtained correlation agrees well with experimental data.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDBLAST PROTECTION AT HIGH SPEED

The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is used to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the seat/occupant with windblast protection devices. The upwind Osher scheme is used for the spatial discretisation. The detached-eddy simulation （DES） based on the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation turbulence model is ap- plied to the detached viscous flow simulation behind the seat/occupant, with Mach numbers 0.6 and 1.2 at attack angles between --10 and 30°, and at two sideslip angles of 0 and 15°, respectively. The aerodynamic characteristics of seat/occupants with and without windblast protection devices are calculated in cases of the freestream Mach numbers 0. 8 and 1.6, attack angles from 5 to 30°, and three sideslip angles of 0, --20 and --50°, respectively. Results show that simulation results agree well with experimental data. And the occupant is efficiently protected by windblast protection devices.

Development and control of flexible pneumatic wall-climbing robot

A new kind of flexible pneumatic wall-climbing robot,named WALKMAN-I,was proposed. WALKMAN-I is basically composed of a flexible pneumatic actuator (FPA),a flexible pneumatic spherical joint and six suction cups. It has many characteristics of low-cost,lightweight,simple structure and good flexibility. Its operating principle was introduced. Then three basic locomotion modes,which are linear motion,curvilinear motion and crossing the orthogonal planes,were presented. The safety conditions of WALKMAN-I were discussed and built. Finally,the control system was designed and experiments were carried out. Experimental results show that WALKMAN-I is able to climb on the vertical wall surface along a straight line or a curved path,and has the ability of crossing orthogonal planes and obstacles. The maximum rotation angle reaches 90°,the maximum velocity reaches 5 mm/s,and the rotation angle and the moving velocity of WALKMAN-I can be easily controlled.

“建中—理中—补中”代表方在临床治疗双心疾病中的应用

双心疾病作为现代医学研究的热点与难点疾病,经典方剂在其治疗中发挥着重要作用。查阅相关资料,发现小建中汤、理中丸(人参汤)、补中益气汤作为强健中气、温理中阳、补益中焦即“建中、理中、补中”的代表方剂,在治疗双心疾病中有独特的治疗作用。分别从六经辨证、八纲辨证的角度整合分析,发现经方可以分别从太阳经、太阴经、少阳经论治,并从气血虚实阴阳的八纲辨证角度系统分析其治疗的理论作用,创新了传统中医药在治疗现代疾病中的应用思路与角度,为中医药在治疗双心疾病中提供新的思路与思考。

Histopathological Study on Chickens Artificially Infected with Infectious Laryngotracheitis

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in chickens artificially infected with infectious laryngotracheitis（ILT）. [Method] Through ar- tificial injection of allantoic liquid containing ILTV into chickens to induce infectious laryngotracheitis, the clinical symptoms in infected chickens were observed; tissues of trachea, lungs, heart, liver, kidney and spleen were collected from dead chickens, and prepared into paraffin sections, followed by histopathological observation under a microscope. [Results] This disease occured in the inoculated chickens 3d later, with a morbidity rate of 95%. The main symptoms were dyspnea, asthma and coughing up of bloody exudate; yellowish-white pseudomembrane was observed on dissected larynx trachea; swelling, haemorrhage, and further erosion were observed on the in- fected tracheal mucosa, resulting in death of chickens, with the mortality rate of 25%; histopathological observation showed that parenchymal organs exhibited exuda- tive inflammation; swelling, degeneration, necrosis and shedding of epithelial cells were observed; disturbance of blood circulation occured.[Conclusion] This study pro- vides reference bases for the treatment of ILT.

Localization of a Robotic Capsule for GI Motility Inspection with a Portable Ultrasonic System

The micro-systems used for in vivo physical inspection have many advantages over traditional methods. In order to aid diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, a capsule is developed for GI pressure and pH inspection. Localization of the capsule in GI tract with time is a necessary condition for subsequent data analysis and medical diagnosis. It is also a common problem facing all in vivo mobile micro-systems. An approach of segment localization by utilizing some key points along GI tract is proposed. A portable ultrasonic detecting device was designed for this purpose. Experiments under conditions similar to GI tract were carried out and the results proved the effectiveness and reliability of this method and the device.

An Active Endoscopy Robotic System for Direct Tracheal Inspection

The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the robot is based on the inchworm movement actuated by pneumatic rubber actuator.There are five air chambers controlled independently,by adjusting pressures in air chambers,the robot can move in a straight mode or in a bending mode.The inspection sensors and some therapy surgery tools can be equipped in the front of the robot.The prototype was made and its mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The robot could move smoothly in a small plastic tube,and the robot is respectable to be used for inspection in human trachea directly.

REASONS FOR THE LATE ONSET AND ANOMALOUS SOUTHWARD PERSISTENCE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON IN 2005

Features of atmospheric circulation and thermal structures are discussed using the NCAR/NCEP data to reveal the reasons for the late onset and anomalous southward persistence of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) in 2005.The results show that three factors are crucial.First,a strong Arabian High overlaps with a high-latitude blocking high and channels strong cold air to southern Asia.Second,the Tibetan Plateau has a bigger snow cover than usual in spring and the melting of snow cools down the surface.Third,the Somali Jet breaks out at a much later date,being not conducive to convection over Indochina.The former two factors restrict atmospheric sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby regions while the third one limits latent heating over Indochina.All of the factors slow down atmospheric warming and postpone the onset of SCSSM.Long after the onset of SCSSM,strong cold air over India advances the Southwest Monsoon northward slowly,resulting in weaker convection and latent heating over the Tibetan Plateau and nearby areas.The negative feedback conversely inhibits further northward movement of Southwest Monsoon.

Influence of Weather and Climate on Malaria Occurrence Based on Human-Biometeorological Methods in Ondo State, Nigeria

This study focuses on the influence of weather and climate on malaria occurrence based on human-biometeorological methods was carried out in Ondo State, Nigeria using meteorological and malaria dataset in the state for the period from 1998 to 2008. In addition, sea surface temperatures （SSTs） over equatorial Pacific Ocean were integrated in the analysis. The association between each of the meteorological-biometeorological parameters and clinical-reported malaria cases was examined by using Poisson distribution and log as link function between the two categories of dataset. The next step was the building of a model by using Poisson multiple regression models （GLMs） in order to know the weather variables that lead to statistically changes in clinical-reported malaria cases. The study revealed that an increase of I m.s1 of wind speed can lead to an increase of about 164% and 171% in the monthly occurrence of malaria at 95% confidence interval in derived savanna and humid forest zone respectively. Also, an increase of I ℃ in air temperature and sea surface temperature is associated with 53.4% and 29% increase in monthly malaria occurrence （CI： 95%） in derived savanna while an increase of 1 ℃ in air temperature and sea surface temperature is associated with 56.4% and 15.4% increase in monthly malaria occurrence at 95% confidence interval in humid forest zone of Ondo State

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Novel Plate-knitted Composite Tracheal Stents

A new knitted composite artificial tracheal stent made of polyglactin(PGLA) and polypropylene (PP) filaments for reinforcement and regeneration of human trachea has been developed by plated-knitting technique on a small-diameter circular knitting machine.Both tensile and compressive tests were carried out to determine the Young's modulus and the critical pressure corresponding to crushing of the stent.The experimental results confirmed that the new type of knitted composite artificial stent is mechanically feasible.

ANALYSIS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION VARIATION CHARACTERISTIC OF URBAN HEAT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ITS MECHANISM——A Case Study of Hangzhou City

Urban heat environmental quality (UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area. In the last two decades, many researchers from domestic and overseas have studied many problems at the aspect of urban heat environment such as urban heat islands, urban air temperature and their relation with urban land cover, city population, air pollution etc. In the recent years, Hangzhou, acting as a center city of Zhejiang Province in China, its urbanization quantum and quantity have both changed greatly, in particular, representing as business affairs building, resident real property and all kinds of specialty market having arisen in built-up zone. Based on Landsat TM images data in 1991 and 1999, urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by remote sensing software ERDAS image 8.4. The relation model between urban underlying surface temperature (UUST) and urban air temperature was setup according to the certain correlation pattern. Reference to the relational standard of assessing human comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer, the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial variation degree of human comfort of heat environmental quality are estimated and mapped on a middle scale, that is, in six districts of Hangzhou City . Then the paper reveals the main characteristic of spatial variation from 1991 to 1999. Lastly, the change mechanism is analyzed and discussed from the viewpoint of city planning, construction and environmental protection.

STUDY ON HUMAN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT TO INDOOR/OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS

The environmental air quality is one of the important problems of people′s concern. The study on human exposure to air pollutants provides an important basis for the nuprorement of human health effects. The questionnaire about time activity patterns includes questions about time spent in the houses, personal activities, indoor combustion sources, information about hobbies, (e.g. smoking), home repairing and decorating materials, and personal product use and so on. The questionnaire was conducted with 662 respondents over 16 years of age in Tianjin, China from fall 1995 to summer 1996. The results of the investigation show that 84% of people′s activities happen indoors, and 58% in family. The field researches of air pollutants monitoring of the most important air pollutants either indoors or outdoors, including carbon monoxide (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), inhaled particulate (IR), and Benzpyrene(Bap), were carried out in winter and summer from 1995 to 1996. The results of the study on human exposure to four selected air pollutants show that indoor sources and their air pollution cause relatively high exposure in the total air pollution exposures. For example, only the exposure indoors at home is 71.0%,60.3%, 69.4% and 74.0% respectively for CO, HCHO, IR and Bap in the total air pollution exposure.

Research on Oil/Gas In-pipe Inspection Robot

A new type of in-pipe mobile robot was designed and developed on the basis of w heel in-pipe robot and crawler in-pipe robot. The three sets of driving wheels circumferentially 120° apart in the cross section, both front and rear driving wheels are distributed on the same parallelogram mechanis m. The driving motor drives the three sets of driving wheels by worm couple, the regulating motor makes the three sets of driving wheels push against the pipe inwall with stable and adequate pressing force by the ball screw pair and p ressure sensor, so the in-pipe robot can provide adequate and stable traction force. The robot mechanism is simple and sm all in size and work reliably . It is particularly suitable to the pipe with diameter 400～650 mm.

Revisiting Sustainable Development of Dry Valleys in Hengduan Mountains Region

Dry valleys are a striking geographic landscape in Hengduan Mountains Region and are characterized by low rainfall, desert type of vegetation and fragile environment. Past efforts and resources have been concentrated mainly on rehabilitation of degraded ecosystem and fragile environment, particularly reforestation, while socio-economic development has been largely overlooked. Despite successes in pocket areas, the overall trend of unsustainability and environmental deterioration are continuing. It is important to understand that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is the root cause of development of dry valleys, and development and formation of dry valleys is a natural process. Human intervention has played a secondary role in development of dry valleys and degradation of dry valleys though human intervention in many cases has speeded up environmental degradation of the dry valleys. It is important to understand that dry valleys are climatic enclaves and an integrated approach that combines rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and socio-economic development should be adopted if the overall goal of sustainable development of dry valleys is to be achieved. Promotion of niche-based cash crops, rural energy including hydropower, solar energy, biogas and fuelwood plantation is recommended as the priority activities.

Spatio-temporal Pattern of Net Primary Productivity in Hengduan Mountains area, China： Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities

Net primary productivity(NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model to estimate the NPP of plant communities in Hengduan Mountains area of China, and to explore the relationship between NPP and altitude in this region. We examined the mechanisms underlying vegetation growth responses to climate change and quantitatively assessed the effects of ecological protection measures by partitioning the contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes. The results demonstrated that: 1) the average total and annual NPP values over the years were 209.15 Tg C and 468.06 g C/(m2·yr), respectively. Their trend increasingly fluctuated, with spatial distribution strongly linked to altitude(i.e., lower and higher NPP in high altitude and low altitude areas, respectively) and 2400 m represented the marginal altitude for vegetation differentiation; 2) areas where climate was the main factor affecting NPP accounted for 18.2% of the total research area, whereas human activities were the primary factor influencing NPP in 81.8% of the total research area, which indicated that human activity was the main force driving changes in NPP. Areas where climatic factors(i.e., temperature and precipitation) were the main driving factors occupied 13.6%(temperature) and 6.0%(precipitation) of the total research area, respectively. Therefore, the effect of temperature on NPP changes was stronger than that of precipitation; and 3) the majority of NPP residuals from 2001 to 2014 were positive, with human activities playing an active role in determining regional vegetation growth, possibly due to the return of farmland back to forest and natural forest protection. However, this positive trend is decreasing. This clearly shows the periodical nature of ecological projects and a lack of long-term effectiveness.