民国二十三年的《人言》周刊

《人言》是邵洵美所办七大刊物中之一种,是一本关注社会生活的同人杂志。我们通过《人言》了解时人对于世界的认识与想像,进而帮助我们完成对民国二十三年的再想像。我们看到灾难中不同人的不同感受,看到时潮中观点的默默演化,看到旧事物消亡过程的漫长和各种势力在其中发挥的作用。

也谈“《人言》事件”及其他

和鲁迅发生过笔战甚至有过较为激烈的矛盾冲突的人很多,邵洵美就是其中之一。文章在分析了一些有关鲁迅与邵洵美围绕着《人言》周刊发生笔战的文章后,发现了其中有很多不实之论,对这些不实之论加以了澄清。

人言无畏

世界上第一个吃螃蟹的人到底是谁已无从考证，但在他把螃蟹吃到嘴里之前．一定遭受了众人对他的冷嘲热讽．口诛笔伐．所到之处皆有人在背后对他指指点点，议论纷纷，使其陷人流言的旋涡里苦苦挣扎。

人言无畏

良言一句三冬暖．恶语伤人六月寒。有禅语：“夫士之生，斧在口中；所以斩身，由其恶言。”言语如斧，把人斫伤是很容易的。我们在怪罪别人的恶言相加，甚至胡言乱语、诽谤中伤之时，是不是也该反思一下，自身是不是确实有这样那样的缺点？人无完人，金无足赤，一生之中不曾被流言飞语关照过的人．几乎没有。你做事情积极主动．别人会说你使性逞能；

Progress and prospect of critical discourse analysis

The present paper reviews the theoretical framework and analytic methods of Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA） and then introduces the latest development of CDA from the perspectives of linguistic anthropology, cognitive linguistics and corpus linguistics. The prospect of CDA is accordingly advanced.

A survey on the art of Pride and Prejudice

Pride and Prejudice is an appealing novel with the graciously ironic style written by Jane Aust--British realistic female novelist. This novel without much grievance and pretence in the 18th century presents a vivid picture of the real life of a small English town. This paper attempts to explore the artistic features through three aspects, namely, deliberate artistic plans, unique characterizations and rich and colorful languages.

Risk factors and prediction score for chronic pancreatitis: A nationwide population-based cohort study

AIM To explore the risk factors of developing chronic pan-creatitis （CP） in patients with acute pancreatitis （AP） and develop a prediction score for CP.METHODS Using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, we obtained large, population-based data of 5971 eligible patients diagnosed with AP from 2000 to 2013. After excluding patients with obstructive pancreatitis and biliary pancreatitis and those with a follow-up period of less than 1 year, we conducted a multivariate analysis using the data of 3739 patients to identify the risk factors of CP and subsequently develop a scoring system that could predict the development of CP in patients with AP. In addition, we validated the scoring system using a validation cohort.RESULTS Among the study subjects, 142 patients （12.98%） developed CP among patients with RAP. On the other hand, only 32 patients （1.21%） developed CP among patients with only one episode of AP. The multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of recurrent AP （RAP）, alcoho-lism, smoking habit, and age of onset of 〈 55 years were the four important risk factors for CP. We developed a scoring system （risk score 1 and risk score 2） from the derivation cohort by classifying the patients into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk categories based on similar magnitudes of hazard and validated the performance using another validation cohort. Using the prediction score model, the area under the curve （AUC） [95% confdence interval （CI）] in predicting the 5-year CP incidence in risk score 1 （without the number of AP episodes） was 0.83 （0.79, 0.87）, whereas the AUC （95%CI） in risk score 2 （including the number of AP episodes） was 0.84 （0.80, 0.88）. This result demonstrated that the risk score 2 has somewhat better prediction performance than risk score 1. However, both of them had similar performance between the derivation and validation cohorts.CONCLUSIONIn the study,we identifed the risk factors of CP and devel-oped a prediction score model for CP.

The realization of interpersonal function with formulaic language

Language plays an important role in interpersonal communication, among which the importance of formulaic language shall never be under-estimated. Reflected in not only the language of individual language users but also language community, formulaic language could help establish and maintain human relationships. Meanwhile, interpersonal function is the most important one among the three metafunctions of language. The present paper aims to find the interface between functional grammar and the study of formulaic language, and consequently the significance of formulaic language in the realization of interoersonal function.

Healthcare interprofessional team members' perspectives on human caring: A directed content analysis study

Objectives:As Watson's Human Caring Theory continues to evolve and guide the discipline of nursing,the challenge is to find ways to integrate it into practice.The purpose of this study is to describe interprofessional team members'perspectives on human caring based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy of Watson's Human Caring Theory within the Unitary Caring Science.Methods:This is a qualitative directed content analysis study,taking place in a Children's Hospital in the United States between November 2017 and April 2018.Information redundancy was utilized to guide the recruitment.Data were collected via a one-time face-to-face individual interview.A qualitative directed content analysis was conducted using Watson's Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy as a coding framework.Results:Twenty-seven healthcare professionals participated in the study.Interprofessional human caring,based on the Ten Caritas Processes(R)/Caritas-Veritas Literacy,was referred to as performing lovingkindness to patients,each other,and self;maintaining faith-hope in teamwork;valuing intersubjective interactions and building trust among team members;cultivating heart-centered-caring relations;acknowledging and processing positive and negative feelings non-judgmentally;applying all ways of knowing in caring;encouraging reciprocal teaching-learning;developing caring-healing environments collaboratively;respecting human dignity of patients and each other;and being open-minded to the unknowns and believing in miracles.Conclusions:Watson's Human Caring Theory can be an underlying guide to enrich human-to-human relations and create a caring-healing environment.When human caring is applied in interprofessional teams,healthcare professionals find a caring consciousness to care for oneself and each other and promote patient care.

Teaching Chinese to English Tour Guide Interpreting

In the present study, some junior students of the English major were asked to verbalize or write their thoughts after interpreting. Besides, students＇ errors were also identified through observations by the researchers. As a result some of the mistakes made by students were found： lacking humor and variety in their interpreting, little vocabulary and variation in expression, etc.. Reasons were also analyzed which included that students were generally not familiar with some of the often-used sentence patterns for tour guide interpretation, and teachers are not using the suitable ways of teaching tour guide interpreting. To conclude, ways to solve these problems were recommended for readers＇ reference.

Indeterminate relationship between Sterne, Tristram and readers

This paper will analyze the identities of Sterne, his two spokesmen - Tristram and Yorick, and the reader of this novel to show their indeterminate identities and the indeterminate relationship between them.

Effects of Social Relationships on People＇s Acceptance of Robots： Using Forms of Language by Robots

This study investigated the difference in the levels of people＇s acceptance of robots by the types of social relationships between humans and robots. In this study, social relationships between a robot and a person were categorized into four types consisted of two in the horizontal of social relationship （intimacy dimension） and two in the vertical of social relationship （status dimension）. In dialogue between humans and robots, the types of social relationship were adjusted by forms of language such as calling by name and speech styles. People＇s acceptance of robots was measured by people＇s comfortable approach distance to the robot. Participants showed greater acceptance of a robot when the robot called them by their names. In the case of speech style, participants accepted the robot which used honorific speech style without addressing them by their name, while they accepted the robot which used familiar speech style with addressing them by their name. There was an interaction effect between gender and calling by name.

Speech Disorders of Aphasia

Disorders of speech and communication that affect the elderly population may result from stroke, cancer, disease of the larynx, Parkinson＇s disease, or other neurological disorders. They vary widely and include difficulty speaking and understanding verbal and/or written information. In many cases, the effects of speech impairments may be overwhelming and frustrating for the patient and caregiver. This paper presents the definition, causes, and classification of aphasia. We have a better understanding of aphasia from the perspectives of phonological disorders, syntactic disorders, and pragmatic disorders. As the study of aphasia and linguistics are closely related, a combination of them will make the study of aphasia more accurate.

The Dynamics of Hong Kong Identity： A Sociolinguistic Perspective

This paper looks at the language use and the language situation of Hong Kong and their relationship with the identity issue or identity crisis （as reported in some of the media, such as The Guardian, March 2012）. The ＂bi-literacy and tri-lingualism language policy＂ of Hong Kong is discussed. The use of the three language varieties, namely Cantonese, English and Mandarin are discussed in relation to Hong Kong people＇s proclaimed cultural identity. The emergence of mixed code （juxtaposing English into Cantonese utterances） also marks the link between language and proclaimed cultural identity. With the several social issues happened in Hong Kong 2010-2012, Hong Kong citizens＇ sense of belonging with an ethnic Hong Kong identity reached the highest according to the Public Opinion Program launched by one of the universities in Hong Kong. Language use in one of the recent television drama series magnifies the issue of ＂Hongkongness＂ which is closely linked to the use of Cantonese and mixed code.

How to Apply Humanistic Psychology to Establish an Effective Emotional Class Climate in China

To enhance students＇ all-around development and personal potential is the main purpose that teachers want to obtain in their teachings. The author believes that it can be achieved only in a relaxed and safe class atmosphere. The article introduces the humanistic psychology and illustrates how to apply humanistic psychology to the foreign language class and establish an effective emotional class climate in China.

On the Conceptual Shift and Collocation Between Concreteness and Abstractness——Analysis of The Mill by a New Poet in China

This is a poem review which analyzes The Mill that was written by a new poet in China, looking at it from the conceptual perspective. The conceptual shift and collocation between concreteness and abstractness enable her poems to carry both linguistic power and emotional strength; the conceptual images created by her abstract thinking and unique perception make her poems achieve originality and readability; her conceptual self built by the use of first person pronouns is actually not that of a person but that of a personified mule who was indignant about its heavy workload yet unable to speak against its predestined destiny. Although suffering from brain paralysis, the poet is shown by this review to be a sensible manipulator of words, which reveal the unique beauty in her language and show the suppressed sadness in her heart.

Candidate Expansion Algorithm Based on WeightedSyllable Confusion Matrix for Mandarin LVCSR

The inclusion of more potentially correct words in the candidate sets is important to improve the accuracy of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition （LVCSR）. A candidate expansion algorithm based on the Weighted Syllable Confusion Matrix （WSCM） is proposed. First, WSCM is derived from a confusion network. Then, the reeognised candidates in the confusion network is used to conjeeture the most likely correct words based on WSCM, after which, the conjectured words are combined with the recognised candidates to produce an expanded candidate set. Finally, a combined model having mutual information and a trigram language model is used to rerank the candidates. The experiments on Mandarin film data show that an improvement of 9.57% in the character correction rate is obtained over the initial recognition performance on those light erroneous utterances.

A Consumer Choice Theory Incorporating Behavioral and Spiritual Wisdom

A consumer makes choices by following a certain paradigm, a system for organizing his thinking based on norms that are determined by certain norm-setters or role models. Widespread societal ills such as depression and suicide seem to correlate with certain types of consumer behavior. However, current consumer choice theories don＇t appear to be effective in evaluating epidemiology research. This study compares existing consumer choice paradigms and introduces the linguistic paradigm as a framework for studying the organization of human thinking. The linguistic paradigm is based on the nature of human language and on spiritual wisdom. The paradigm is implemented to generate models （process templates） for the analysis of selected consumer choice issues. The potential effectiveness of these models in analyzing consumer behavior is discussed.

Aspects of Urhobo Grammar Taught Through Poetry： The Verb ＂Edia＂ to Be

Unquestionably, anyone born to Urhobo parents, being biologically Urhobo, should speak the Urhobo language. But does everybody born by an Urhobo parent speak Urhobo？ From our observation, the answer to this question is clearly ＂no＂. Many of the Urhobo people in the Diaspora as well as those at home have chosen to shift from their own language to other languages. Hence Urhobo language has gradually acquired the status of a second language. Therefore, its teaching would also veer away from language teaching methods that are used for first languages. Based on Noam Chomsky＇s theory of Generative Grammar, aspects of the Urhobo grammar will be treated as we present specifically the verb ＂edia＂/＂to be＂. As it is, it is being presented as a second language bearing in mind the great population of Urhobo people in the Diaspora as well as Mowarin＇s ＂miguo generation＂ of Urhobo children back home in Urhobo land. This being so, the methods applied in this study are the Grammar Translation Method Approach as well as the Direct Method Approach. To facilitate its learning especially for the new generation of Urhobo persons, the poetic approach would also be applied.

Exploration of the Facilitative Effects of Music Acquiring Device on Language Acquisition

Music Acquiring Device （or MAD, for short） is proposed to identify the origin and acquisition of human language, and is regarded as preceded Chomsky＇s LAD （Language Acquisition Device）. This paper tries to find the answers to two questions. Firstly, what are the main similarities between music and language？ Secondly, in what aspects can music facilitate language similarities （sound, rhythm, and acquisiti structure on？ By literature reviewing, comparison and contrast, three main ） between music and language are discussed, and then three facilitative effects of MAD on language acquisition are illustrated. They are： （1） MAD lays a foundation for language pronunciation acquisition; （2） MAD accelerates the mastery of language rhythm; and （3） MAD promotes language syntax acquisition. This paper will help teachers who like to use music-assistant language teaching method understand more about the positive effects of music on language teaching and acquisition.