王静斋与《伊光》月报

民国时期的穆斯林报刊是我国伊斯兰文化史上数量可观而又极为珍贵的文献,也是中国报刊史上鲜为人知而又十分重要的少数民族出版史料。《伊光》就是这样一份期刊,它可以使我们了解20世纪上半叶中国伊斯兰教所经历的一段重要历程,展现了回族知识分子以及中国穆斯林在中国社会发生巨大变革的关键时期,是把寻求宗教信仰自由、寻求民族平等、寻求祖国独立富强紧密地联系在一起。

Fluorescent Features of Germline Cysts of Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) after Fixation and Staining

[Objective] In order to provide firsthand information for the development of fluorescent histology,the paper studied the fluorescent features of ovarioles and germline cysts of fruit fly after common fixation and staining. [Method] With ovaries of Drosophila melanogaster as materials,after fixation with Bouin＇s fluid,the ovaries were sectioned and stained with HE,haematoxylin or eosin,respectively. The specimens were observed and photographed under fluorescent microscope in bright field,and fluorescent fields after excitation with green,blue and UV light,respectively. [Result] After staining by three methods,germ cells and somatic cells emitted different colors of fluorescence after excitation by different lights; lipids,nucleic acids and proteins in cells could also emit their special fluorescence. [Conclusion] Conventional dyes could give different fluorescence characteristics to germ cells and somatic cells,which can also give special fluorescence characteristics to different cellular components. Thus,the fluorescence histology will provide broad prospect for more convenient study on different cell types and cellular components.

Synthesis of N,N-diethyl dodecyl amine and its flotation properties on bauxite

N, N-diethyl dodecyl amine（DEN12） was synthesized from dodecyl amine, formic acid and acetic aldehyde. The collecting property of DENI2 on diaspore, kaolinite and illite was investigated by flotation test and infrared spectrum. The results show that in the presence of 2.0× 10^-4 mol/L DEN12, the recoveries of kaolinite and illite are all higher than 78% and the recovery of diaspore is 50% in the pH range of 5.5-6.0. The mass ratio of A1203 to SiO2 in concentrate obtained from separation artificial mixture is higher than 10, suggesting that DEN12 can be used as a collector to separate the aluminosilicates from diaspore in bauxite ores at the pulp pH below 8. The measurements of the infrared spectrum approve that the action between aluminosilicates and tertiary amine collector is strong electrostatic adsorption and that of diaspore is weak electrostatic adsorption.

Age Estimation of Qash Qooly Valley in Dokan Vicinity, North Iraq Using Exposure Age Determination Method

Qash Qooly valley runs parallel to Pera Magroon, Sara and Surdash anticlines, almost in SE-NW trend, and merges with the Lesser Zab River 9 km southeast to Dokan town. Before its development, it was a large basin with width ranges between 2-3 km, which was filled during Pleistocene or may be Late Pliocene by different types of sediments. The presence of the calcrete on the top indicates a wet period that has lasted for a long time as indicated from the thickness of the calcrete and alluvial fan sediments. The age of Qash Qooly valley was estimated using the exposure age determination method. The type of the sediments, their thicknesses, and erosion intensity and sediments＇ dens dissection by rills were the main features used. This study concluded that the age of the basin is Pliocene--Late Pleistocene, whereas the valley started to be developed during uppermost Late Pleistocene and is still active in shifting its course.

Micromorphological Aspects of Two Forest Soils Development Derived from Igneous Rocks in Lahijan, Iran

In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedogenic processes. Two representative soil pedons, granite （P1） and andesitic basalt （P2） were selected in a mountain landform with northwest aspect. Samples for thin section preparation were taken from each horizon by Kubiena boxes or clods. Micromorphological analysis of soils derived from these two soil pedons in eastern part of Lahijan （northern Iran） were conducted based on the physicochemical and mineralogical data. Micromorphological properties were characterized using a polarized light microscope under plain and cross light. Thin section study indicated that the nature of the parent material clearly affected the content of clay formation. It also showed that clay accumulation in the Bt horizons was not only due to clay illuviation （argillan）, but that strong in situ weathering of primary minerals also contributed to the enrichment of clay in soils derived from andesitic basalt. Comparing the results of clay mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction （XRD） with microscopic studies revealed that birefringence fabric （b-fabric） of the groundmass was partly striated due to smectitic minerals in soil of andesitic basalt （Hapludalf）, whereas speckled birefringence fabric was dominant in soil of granite （Udorthent） because of the absence of these minerals. We speculate that pores of skeletal fragments or microcracks in P1 were a place for illuvial clay protection. However, the main factor for flluvial clay film disruption （striation anddeformation） was biological activity （faunal turbation and root pressure） in P1 and expandable minerals and faunal turbation in P2.

Shakespeare＇s Language Strategies in Hamlet

This study investigates the language strategies used by Shakespeare in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark （1603）. Emphasis is given to the type of language or register Shakespeare provides his characters with in order to give them genuine or assumed identities. The linguistic register of the three major characters of Claudius, the Ghost, and Hamlet is explored in light of the Elizabethan cultural context. This concern with these three characters stems from the basic assumption of the paper that the play is a struggle between Claudius and the Ghost over Hamlet. Claudius speaks the language of a monarch which is informed by the code of society; the Ghost, who used to speak such language of sovereignty while alive, speaks a language of the dead informed by a newly acquired experience not familiar to human beings. On the other hand, Hamlet＇s use of language is the most peculiar in the play. His register keeps changing according to his tragic growth and his readiness for action. The study indicates that the language functions Shakespeare utilizes in Hamlet are numerous. Language is used creatively for a variety of purposes in addition to communication. The playwright employs language as a shield for self-defense, a tool for defining and hiding identity and misleading and manipulating others, a means of search for reality, and a tool for punishment, among other functions. The study findings invite further research into Shakespeare＇s use of language in his plays. No detailed in-depth studies of Shakespearean language and its implications exist.

Activity of Insect Fauna during the Night in the Pa Orchards of Central Iraq

The study was carried out at three palm orchards, each of 2.5 hectare in AI-Madain palm orchards （30 km, South Baghdad） contains the palm varieties （Prem, Osta omran, Zahdi, Berhee, Khadrawi, Khastawi, Oueedi and Tebarzel） in 2010 season aiming to determine the population density of palm borers and to know other insect occurring in date palm orchards. Three light traps with solar energy （Magna Traps with lamps of 320-420 nm wavelength are produced by Russell IPM） were used as one trap in each orchard. The number of fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans and frond borer, Phonapate frontalis adults were calculated per week in each trap aiming to determine the population density of adults in the three orchards under this study. Results of using light traps （Magna Traps） indicated that the number of O. elegans adults catch per trap during the period from April to December 2010 were 254, 217 and 240 adult/trap in orchards No. l, 2 and 3, respectively, the higher population densities were 87,79 and 81 adult/trap per month, respectively reported in July. Also, the study indicated that the population density of frond borer, Phonapatefrontalis catch per trap during the period from April to December 2010 were 34, 58 and 54 adult/trap for orchards No. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, the higher population densities were 10, 21 and 15 adult/trap per month, respectively reported in June. Many insect groups were caught in light traps, the insect fauna composed of nineteen insect groups, 12 are coleoptera, 1 hemiptera, 1 hymenoptera, 1 homoptera, 2 dermaptera, and 2 orthoptera, the numbers of this insect were recorded per month a year round in palm orchards.

The Impact of Political Islam on Global IR ＆ Prospects for Middle East Stability

This work traces the historical development and impact of political Islam on international relations （IR） from the last century to date. In this article the author asserts that understanding the rise of political Islam at the world＇s stage and IR generally can be genealogically traced to two interrelated developments： the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood （MB） in Egypt since 1928 as a social and political movement against the growing Western influence in the Islamic World after the collapse of the ottoman empire; and the development of the post-World War II IR theories, and practices which provided the basis of the political, military, and security doctrines of the United States and its allies which proved its lack of reliability and validity, particularly as related to the Muslim World, and the role of religion within the Muslim states and place of religion in global politics.

Geochemical characteristics of illite clay rocks from the Shihezi Formation in the Hanxing mining area and its sedimentary environment

We studied the geochemical characteristics of illite clay rocks and their importance from the 5hihezi Formation of Late Permian in the Hanxing mining area by means of ICP-M5 and sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results show that the amount of SiO2 is between 53.37% and 61.58% （by weight） and that of Al2O3 22.40% and 31.31% （by weight）. The ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 lies between 1.71 and 2.75. The amount of K2O ranges from 1.11% to 2.56% （by weight）. The amounts of Fe and Ti are higher than the theoretical values in illite clay rock would indicate. The amounts of some trace elements, such as Ga, As, Ba, Cu, Th and U are higher than their Clark values, while that of another 23 trace elements are found to be dose to their Clark values. The amounts of REE range from 22.59 to 570.54 μg/g, with an average of 163.23μg/g. The ratios of LREE/HREE range from 5.41 to 21.82, with an average of 8.87. These characteristics show that LREE are much richer in content than HREE. The REE distribution patterns of our samples were characterized by clearly negative Ce and Eu anomalies. We analyzed the sedimentary environment of the Hanxing mining area in Late Permian by the characteristic element ratio method. The ratios of Mn/Fe range from 0 to 0.0168, which are lower than those in a marine sedimentary environment. The ratios of Sr/Ba （0.20-0.41） are less than 1. These are all indications that the sediments of the Hanxing mining area in Late Permian form largely a continental sedimentary environment. The sedimentary water is freshwater, a conclusion reached on the basis of the ratios of Th/U （2.66-6.62） and of Ca/（Ca ＋ Fe） （0.01-0.059）; the average ratio of Fe2＋/Fe3＋ is 4.8. The sedimentary water condition is weakly acidic and weakly oxidative-weakly reductive, a conclusion reached on the basis of ratios of Fe2＋/Fe3＋ （4.8） and of Ceanom （-0.08）.