Cognitive impairment is a consequence of the normal aging process that effects many species, including humans and rodent models. Decline in hippocampal memory function is especially prominent with age and often reduce...Cognitive impairment is a consequence of the normal aging process that effects many species, including humans and rodent models. Decline in hippocampal memory function is especially prominent with age and often reduces quality of life. As the aging population expands, the need for interventional strategies to prevent cognitive decline has become more pressing. Fortunately, several major lifestyle factors have proven effective at combating hippocampal aging, the most well-known of which are environmental enrichment and exercise. While the evidence supporting the beneficial nature of these factors is substantial, a less well-understood factor may also contribute to healthy cognitive aging: social engagement. We review the evidence supporting the role of social engagement in preserving hippocampal function in old age. In elderly humans, high levels of social engagement correlate with better hippocampal function, yet there is a dearth of work to indicate a causative role. Existing rodent literature is also limited but has begun to provide causative evidence and establish candidate mechanisms. Summed together, while many unanswered questions remain, it is clear that social engagement is a viable lifestyle factor for preserving cognitive function in old age. Social integration across the lifespan warrants more investigation and more appreciation when designing living circumstances for the elderly.展开更多
We believe that well-known principles and relationships between physical entities are the key for a deep knowledge of reality. However, they must be applied using innovative points of view, points of view that can be ...We believe that well-known principles and relationships between physical entities are the key for a deep knowledge of reality. However, they must be applied using innovative points of view, points of view that can be provided by, for example, experts on information theory （as we are）. Our previous efforts in this direction led to a fascinating result： the theoretical total mass ofa spacetime in which Planck＇s length is an observer-independent scale of length is equal （both in expression and value） to the mass of our portion of Universe measured by national aeronautics and space administration wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe （NASA WMAP） spacecraft. In the following paragraphs we＇ll show how granularity （i.e., discontinuity） of physical entities of our portion of observable spacetime descends directly from the principles of information theory, and how a physical theory about the discontinuity of reality built on these basis can lead to an elegant descriptions of both microcosm and macrocosm.展开更多
We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correc...We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correct development direction. Socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics is our dream and pursuit for the nation＇ s glorious development prospects. University campus construction is a basic work for teaching and developing, in the mean time, it is also a systematic creative work. Campus construction set the systematic goal of being in favor of cultivating university students. It should not only have a good using function to meet material needs in the working and living aspects of teachers and students, hut also to create a high level and high style campus environment, reflecting the university spirit and culture, improving university elegant taste. Strengthening campus culture construction has vital theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of personnel training, building, elegant camt^us culture and enhancing core competitiveness of universities.展开更多
We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correc...We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correct development direction. Socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics is our dream and pursuit for the nation＇ s glorious development prospects. University campus construction is a basic work for teaching and developing, in the mean time, it is also a systematic creative work. Campus construction set the systematic goal of being in favor of cultivating university students. It should not only have a good using function to meet material needs in the working and living aspects of teachers and students, but also to create a high level and high style campus environment, reflecting the university spirit and culture, improving university elegant taste. Strengthening campus culture construction has vital theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of personnel training, building elegant campus culture and enhancing core competitiveness of universities.展开更多
Fuelwood is the main source of the energy in mountainous regions.Hence,annual wood consumption is very high.Information on fuelwood resources,and their extraction and availability is very scanty.Therefore,present stud...Fuelwood is the main source of the energy in mountainous regions.Hence,annual wood consumption is very high.Information on fuelwood resources,and their extraction and availability is very scanty.Therefore,present study was carried out to study the diversity of fuelwood species,annual collection,preference and availability of fuel species in the forests.Thirty four species(25 trees and 9 shrubs) were extracted for fuel by the inhabitants.Total collection and species preference was highest for Picea smithiana,Cedrus deodara,Indigofera heterantha,Pinus wallchiana and Sorbaria tomentosa,respectively.Resource use index indicating use pressure was highest for P.smithiana,C.deodara,I.heterantha and Abies pindrow,respectively.Besides native species,some non-native horticultural and agroforestry species such as Malus pumila,P.domestica,Celtis australis,etc.were also being used as fuel.Preferred species showed their availability in eight forest types whereas,population and regeneration status was poor.Therefore,immediate actions are suggested to sustain current and future demand of fuelwood.The afforestation of degraded,uncultivated and marginal lands through high quality and preferred fuel species might reduce pressure on wild and selective species.展开更多
基金partially supported by a R00 Pathway to Independence Award from NIH/NINDS(R00NS089938)(to EDK)
文摘Cognitive impairment is a consequence of the normal aging process that effects many species, including humans and rodent models. Decline in hippocampal memory function is especially prominent with age and often reduces quality of life. As the aging population expands, the need for interventional strategies to prevent cognitive decline has become more pressing. Fortunately, several major lifestyle factors have proven effective at combating hippocampal aging, the most well-known of which are environmental enrichment and exercise. While the evidence supporting the beneficial nature of these factors is substantial, a less well-understood factor may also contribute to healthy cognitive aging: social engagement. We review the evidence supporting the role of social engagement in preserving hippocampal function in old age. In elderly humans, high levels of social engagement correlate with better hippocampal function, yet there is a dearth of work to indicate a causative role. Existing rodent literature is also limited but has begun to provide causative evidence and establish candidate mechanisms. Summed together, while many unanswered questions remain, it is clear that social engagement is a viable lifestyle factor for preserving cognitive function in old age. Social integration across the lifespan warrants more investigation and more appreciation when designing living circumstances for the elderly.
文摘We believe that well-known principles and relationships between physical entities are the key for a deep knowledge of reality. However, they must be applied using innovative points of view, points of view that can be provided by, for example, experts on information theory （as we are）. Our previous efforts in this direction led to a fascinating result： the theoretical total mass ofa spacetime in which Planck＇s length is an observer-independent scale of length is equal （both in expression and value） to the mass of our portion of Universe measured by national aeronautics and space administration wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe （NASA WMAP） spacecraft. In the following paragraphs we＇ll show how granularity （i.e., discontinuity） of physical entities of our portion of observable spacetime descends directly from the principles of information theory, and how a physical theory about the discontinuity of reality built on these basis can lead to an elegant descriptions of both microcosm and macrocosm.
文摘We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correct development direction. Socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics is our dream and pursuit for the nation＇ s glorious development prospects. University campus construction is a basic work for teaching and developing, in the mean time, it is also a systematic creative work. Campus construction set the systematic goal of being in favor of cultivating university students. It should not only have a good using function to meet material needs in the working and living aspects of teachers and students, hut also to create a high level and high style campus environment, reflecting the university spirit and culture, improving university elegant taste. Strengthening campus culture construction has vital theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of personnel training, building, elegant camt^us culture and enhancing core competitiveness of universities.
文摘We should adhere to the socialist orientation construction of elegant campus culture and socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics. Whether a country is prosperous or not lies in if it can adhere to correct development direction. Socialistic common ideal with Chinese characteristics is our dream and pursuit for the nation＇ s glorious development prospects. University campus construction is a basic work for teaching and developing, in the mean time, it is also a systematic creative work. Campus construction set the systematic goal of being in favor of cultivating university students. It should not only have a good using function to meet material needs in the working and living aspects of teachers and students, but also to create a high level and high style campus environment, reflecting the university spirit and culture, improving university elegant taste. Strengthening campus culture construction has vital theoretical and practical significance for improving the quality of personnel training, building elegant campus culture and enhancing core competitiveness of universities.
文摘Fuelwood is the main source of the energy in mountainous regions.Hence,annual wood consumption is very high.Information on fuelwood resources,and their extraction and availability is very scanty.Therefore,present study was carried out to study the diversity of fuelwood species,annual collection,preference and availability of fuel species in the forests.Thirty four species(25 trees and 9 shrubs) were extracted for fuel by the inhabitants.Total collection and species preference was highest for Picea smithiana,Cedrus deodara,Indigofera heterantha,Pinus wallchiana and Sorbaria tomentosa,respectively.Resource use index indicating use pressure was highest for P.smithiana,C.deodara,I.heterantha and Abies pindrow,respectively.Besides native species,some non-native horticultural and agroforestry species such as Malus pumila,P.domestica,Celtis australis,etc.were also being used as fuel.Preferred species showed their availability in eight forest types whereas,population and regeneration status was poor.Therefore,immediate actions are suggested to sustain current and future demand of fuelwood.The afforestation of degraded,uncultivated and marginal lands through high quality and preferred fuel species might reduce pressure on wild and selective species.
