接受美学视域下的海派旗袍文化研究——以电视剧《传家》为例

海派旗袍作为中华优秀传统服饰,具有一定的历史价值和时代意义。文章以接受美学理论作为指导,运用其核心观点“期待视野”与“召唤结构”,分析电视剧《传家》中的海派旗袍服饰接受美学。该剧尊重历史、传承文化,不断构建观众的新期待,弥补观众的文化空白,并帮助观众建立新的审美意识,传承并传播了我国优秀服饰文化,增强了民族自信与文化自信。

《传家》之海派旗袍服饰文化研究

旗袍作为中国女性最具代表性的服饰之一,在电视剧中对艺术形象的塑造和表达起着重要作用。《传家》中美轮美奂的海派旗袍,既具有服化道的基本功能,又起到了体现时代背景、凸显人物性格、反映人物命运变化等方面的作用。通过研究《传家》中精致华美的旗袍,可以提高受众对海派旗袍服饰文化的认知,并为影视剧的服饰创作提供借鉴。

浅析传统文化传承主题类纪录片中的多模态隐喻——基于纪录片《传家》的个案分析

传统文化传承主题类纪录片表达的主题通常相对固定,包含一些频繁出现、较为典型的多模态隐喻类型。本文以《传家》这部典型的传统文化传承类纪录片为个案,从该片表达的主题出发,按源域分类,分析其中包含的多模态隐喻类型。《传家》中包含以下几种频繁出现、较为典型的多模态隐喻:(一)时间;(二)传统与现代的对比;(三)新一代与老一代的对比;(四)匠人精神;(五)人与人之间的亲密关系;(六)对传统文化的破坏;(七)传统文化的传承。

司马光《传家集》“乐中公案”书信再考

司马光《传家集》收录其与范镇论乐的一批书信,被称作"乐中公案"而历来颇受重视,然而研究者对这批书信写作时间的考证却存在不小的分歧,本文尝试从书信内容出发再作探讨。该批书信是马、范二人讨论具体问题的载体,那么,根据信件之间构成的问答关系,即可分作前后4组。除第1组写于皇祐三年外,第2、3、4组主要写于元丰六年,第5组更接近元丰八年。通过重新整理与研究,我们梳正了原有《传家集》的篇章命名与排序的错误,考证了各组书信的写作时间,使信件内容被明确地置入历史背景及其发展脉络之中,从而深入理解了范、马"乐中公案"之难断与重要,根源在于他们围绕乐律的争论,实质是与北宋政治改革的实践和思想紧密联系在一起的。

船山《传家十四戒》今译

传家十四戒勿作赘婿,勿以子女出继异姓及为僧道,勿嫁女受财,或丧子嫁妇尤不可受一丝,勿听鬻术人改葬,勿作吏胥,勿与胥隶为婚姻,勿为讼者作证佐,勿为人作呈诉及作歇保,勿为乡团之魁。

王介之《耐园家训》及其对王夫之《传家十四戒》的影响

家训家规是各家族制定的、用以约束或教化家族成员的规章约定。它是历代道德规范、法律制度的反映和延续,是家训、家规拟定者社会理想的体现,也是一个家族优良家风形成及人才孕育的基础。王夫之《传家十四戒》是研究王夫之思想的重要文献,其内容受长兄王介之《耐园家训》影响甚巨。当今学者多以为《耐园家训》已失传,故往往仅通过王夫之所作跋语来大致推测其内容,其实该家训仍完整保存于《(衡阳)邗江王氏五修族谱》中。

Migraine as a sex-conditioned inherited disorder: evidences from China and the world

Migraine is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. Although several genetic models has been proposed including autosomal-dominant/autosomal recessive, sex-linked, sex-limited, mitochondrial, and multi-gene, none of these models can well-explain the transmission of the disease. We hypothesied that migraine is a sex-conditioned inherited disorder （autosomal dominant in females and autosomal recessive in males）. This hypothesis is supported by the evidence such as the locations of genes associated with familial hemiplegic migraine, possibly ＂typical＂ migraine as well （dominantly on chromosome 19p, lq, and 2q）, male：female ratio of prevalence （1：2-1：4）, the mostly youth-onset, the provocation by the contraceptives, the induction by menstruation, and the self-limitation after menopause. Female sex-hormones appear to be the key contributor to a higher prevalence of migraine in female. Socio-environmental factors may also play an important role.

Home control system based on ZigBee wireless sensor networks

A new scheme of the home control system based on ZigBee wireless sensor networks is presented. The design and development of the software and hardware of the proposed system are given. In addition to the basic data acquisition and processing functions, the gateway supports the Bluetooth-based local interface and the general packet radio service （GPRS）-based remote interface. Users on the client service side can use a pocket PC or notebook PC to achieve real-time data acquisition and control instruction implementation, or remotely control the home control system through a mobile phone by sending a short message. The Labview graphical development environment is adopted to create PDA applications running on pocket PCs and monitoring platform established on notebook PCs. Except for the gateway, other nodes in the system work in sleep mode most of the time on the system, and thus it improves the lifetime of the whole system efficiently.

《醒世姻缘传》方言词补释

本文补充解释了“除的家”、“打立水”、“黑面”三则向来解释欠确或未曾解释过的词语。

Three novel missense germline mutations in different exons of MSH6 gene in Chinese hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer families

AIM: To investigate the germline mutations of MSH6 gene in probands of Chinese hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families fulfilling different clinical criteria. METHODS: Germline mutations of MSH6 gene were detected by PCR-based DNA sequencing in 39 unrelated HNPCC probands fulfilling different clinical criteria in which MSH2 and MLH1 mutations were excluded. To further investigate the pathological effects of detected missense mutations, we analyzed the above related MSH6 exons using PCR-based sequencing in 137 healthy persons with no family history. The clinicopathological features were collected from the Archive Library of Cancer Hospital, Fudan University and analyzed. RESULTS: Four germline missense mutations distributed in the 4th, 6th and 9th exons were observed. Of them, three were not found in international HNPCC databases and did not occur in 137 healthy controls, indicating that they were novel missense mutations. The remaining mutation which is consistent with the case H14 at c.3488A>T of exon 6 of MSH6 gene was also found in the controls, the rate was approximately 3.65% (5/137) and the type of mutation was not found in the international HNPCC mutational and SNP databases, suggesting that this missense mutation was a new SNP unreported up to date. CONCLUSION: Three novel missense mutations and a new SNP observed in the probands of Chinese HNPCC families, may play an important role in the development of HNPCC.

Detection of hMSH2 and hMLH1 mutations in Chinese hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer kindreds

AIM： To establish and validate the mutation testing for identification and characterization of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） in suspected Chinese patients. METHODS： Five independent Chinese kindreds with HNPCC fulfilling the classical Amsterdam criteria were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted after informed consent was obtained. The coding region of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC）. Mutations identified in the proband by DHPLC were directly sequenced using a 377 DNA sequencer, analyzed with a basic local alignment tool （BLAST）, and tested in the corresponding family members by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Mutations were identified in two Chinese HNPCC kindreds. One was the missense mutation of hMSH2 c.1808A→G resulting in Asp 603 Gly identified in the proband of the fifth HNPCC （HNPCCS） kindred. In the HNP5 kindred, three family members were found to have this mutation and two of them had colorectal cancer. The other mutation of hMLH1 c.1882A→G was identified in the HNP2 kindred＇s proband, which might be the nonsense mutation analyzed by BLAST. CONCLUSION： Pedigree investigation and mutation testing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 are the practical methods to identify high-risk HNPCC patients in China.

Gastroenterology in developing countries:Issues and advances

Developing countries shoulder a considerable burden of gastroenterological disease. Infectious diseases in particular cause enormous morbidity and mortality. Diseases which afflict both western and developing countries are often seen in more florid forms in poorer countries. Innovative techniques continuously improve and update gastroenterological practice. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment which are commonplace in the West, have yet to reach many developing countries. Clinical guidelines, based on these advances and collated in resource-rich environments, lose their relevance outside these settings. In this two-part review, we first highlight the global burden of gastroenterological disease in three major areas： diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis B, and Helicobacter pylori. Recent progress in their management is explored, with consideration of future solutions. The second part of the review focuses on the delivery of clinical services in developing countries. Inadequate numbers of healthcare workers hamper efforts to combat gastroenterological disease. Reasons for this shortage are examined, along with possibilities for increased specialist training. Endoscopy services, the mainstay of gastroenterology in the West, are in their infancy in many developing countries. The challenges faced by those se^ing up a service are illustrated by the example of a Nigerian endoscopy unit. Finally, we highlight the limited scope of many clinical guidelines produced in western countries. Guidelines which take account of resource limitations in the form of ＂cascades＂ are advocated in order to make these guidelines truly global. Recognition of the different working conditions facing practitioners worldwide is an important step towards narrowing the gap between gastroenterology in rich and poor countries.

Nitric Oxide:from a mysterious labile factor to the molecule of the Nobel Prize Recent progress in nitric oxide research

NO is now known to be an important messenger molecule in biology.It regulates a variety of functions within cells and tissues including vasodilation, neurotransmission and immunological process. This review will focus on the nitric oxide synthase gene family and recent progress on molecular genetic analysis of NOS1, NOS2 and N0S3 genes.

Genomic and genetic alterations influence the progression of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated deaths worldwide, although the incidence has gradually decreased in many Western countries. Two main gastric cancer histotypes, intestinal and diffuse, are recognised. Although most of the described genetic alterations have been observed in both types, different genetic pathways have been hypothesized. Genetic and epigenetic events, including 1q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability and hypermethylation, have mostly been reported in intestinal-type gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions, whereas 17p LOH, mutation or loss of E-cadherin are more often implicated in the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer.In this review, we summarize the sometimes contradictory findings regarding those markers which influence the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two-Particle State via a Single Cluster-Class State

Teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit state with a single partially entangled state,a four-qubit linearcluster-class state,is studied.The case is more practical than previous ones using maximally entangled states as thequantum channel.In order to realize teleportation,we first construct a cluster-basis of 16 orthonormal cluster states.We show that quantum teleportation can be successfully implemented with a certain probability if the receiver can adoptappropriate unitary transformations after receiving the sender's cluster-basis measurement information.In addition,animportant conclusion can be obtained that a four-qubit maximally entangled state (cluster state) can be extracted froma single copy of the cluster-class state with the same probability as the teleportation in principle.

Traditional Chinese surgical treatment for anal fistulae with secondary tracks and abscess

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese surgical treatment for anal fistulae with secondary tracks and abscess.METHODS:Sixty patients with intersphincteric or transsphincteric anal fistulas with secondary tracks and abscess were randomly divided into study group [suture dragging combined with pad compression(SDPC)] and control group [fistulotomy(FSLT)].In the SDPC group,the internal opening was excised and incisions at external openings were made for drainage.Silk sutures were put through every two incisions and knotted in loose state.The suture dragging process started from the first day after surgery and the pad compression process started when all sutures were removed as wound tissue became fresh and without discharge.In the FSLT group,the internal opening and all tracts were laid open and cleaned by normal saline postoperatively till all wounds healed.The time of healing,postoperative pain score(visual analogue scale),recurrence rate,patient satisfaction,incontinence evaluation and anorectal manometry before and after the treatment were examined.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age,gender and fistulae type.The time of healing was significantly shorter(24.33 d in SDPC vs 31.57 d in FSLT,P < 0.01) and the patient satisfaction score at 1 mo postoperative followup was significantly higher in the SDPC group(4.07 in SDPC vs 3.37 in FSLT,P < 0.05).The mean maximal postoperative pain scores were 5.83 ± 2.5 in SDPC vs 6.37 ± 2.33 in FSLT and the recurrence rates were 3.33 in SDPC vs 0 in FSLT.None of the patients in the two groups experienced liquid and solid fecal incontinence and lifestyle alteration postoperatively.The Wexner score after treatment of intersphincter fistulae were 0.17 ± 0.41 in SDPC vs 0.40 ± 0.89 in FSLT and transsphincter fistulae were 0.13 ± 0.45 in SDPC vs 0.56 ± 1.35 in FSLT.The maximal squeeze pressure and resting pressure declined after treatment in both groups.The maximal anal squeeze pressures after treatment were reduced(23.17 ± 3.73 Kpa in SDPC vs 22.74 ± 4.47 Kpa in FSLT) and so did the resting pressures(12.36 ± 2.15 Kpa in SDPC vs 11.71 ± 1.87 Kpa in FSLT),but there were neither significant differences between the two groups and nor significant differences before or after treatment.CONCLUSION:Traditional Chinese surgical treatment SDPC for anal fistulae with secondary tracks and abscess is safe,effective and less invasive.

Healthcare utilization and costs associated with gastroparesis

To use a national database of United States hospitals to evaluate the incidence and costs of hospital admissions associated with gastroparesis. METHODSWe analyzed the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) for all patients in whom gastroparesis (ICD-9 code: 536.3) was the principal discharge diagnosis during the period, 1997-2013. The NIS is the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient care database in the United States. It contains data from approximately eight million hospital stays each year. The statistical significance of the difference in the number of hospital discharges, length of stay and hospital costs over the study period was determined by regression analysis. RESULTSIn 1997, there were 3978 admissions with a principal discharge diagnosis of gastroparesis as compared to 16460 in 2013 (P < 0.01). The mean length of stay for gastroparesis decreased by 20 % between 1997 and 2013 from 6.4 d to 5.1 d (P < 0.001). However, during this period the mean hospital charges increased significantly by 159 % from $13350 (after inflation adjustment) per patient in 1997 to $34585 per patient in 2013 (P < 0.001). The aggregate charges (i.e., “national bill”) for gastroparesis increased exponentially by 1026 % from $50456642 ± 4662620 in 1997 to $568417666 ± 22374060 in 2013 (P < 0.001). The percentage of national bill for gastroparesis discharges (national bill for gastroparesis/total national bill) has also increased over the last 16 years (0.0013% in 1997 vs 0.004% in 2013). During the study period, women had a higher frequency of gastroparesis discharges when compared to men (1.39/10000 vs 0.9/10000 in 1997 and 5.8/10000 vs 3/10000 in 2013). There was a 6-fold increase in the discharge diagnosis of gastroparesis amongst type 1 DM and 3.7-fold increase amongst type 2 DM patients over the study period (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONThe number of inpatient admissions for gastroparesis and associated costs have increased significantly over the last 16 years. Inpatient costs associated with gastroparesis contribute significantly to the national healthcare bill. Further research on cost-effective evaluation and management of gastroparesis is required.

Familial aggregation in inflammatory bowel disease:Is it genes or environment?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops in genetically susceptible individuals due to the influence of environmental factors, leading to an abnormal recognition of microbiota antigens by the innate immune system which triggers an exaggerated immune response and subsequent bowel tissue damage. IBD has been more frequently found in families, an observation that could be due to either genetic, environmental or both types of factors present in these families. In addition to expanding our knowledge on IBD pathogenesis, defining the specific contribution to familial IBD of each one of these factors might have also clinical usefulness. We review the available evidence on familial IBD pathogenesis.

Blood is not always thicker than water:The limited effect of kin selection on human kinship in the traditional Chinese family

To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates （genetically related relatives）. For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture （i.e., seniority in generation and age） played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family： for collateral （indirect） agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal （direct） agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families

Germline MLH1 and MSH2 mutational spectrum including frequent large genomic aberrations in Hungarian hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer families:Implications for genetic testing

AIM: To analyze the prevalence of germline MLH1 and MSH2 gene mutations and evaluate the clinical characteristics of Hungarian hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Thirty-six kindreds were tested for mutations using conformation sensitive gel electrophoreses, direct sequencing and also screening for genomic rearrangements applying multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplifi cation (MLPA). RESULTS: Eighteen germline mutations (50%) were identifi ed, 9 in MLH1 and 9 in MSH2. Sixteen of these sequence alterations were considered pathogenic, the remaining two were non-conservative missense alterations occurring at highly conserved functional motifs. The majority of the defi nite pathogenic mutations (81%, 13/16) were found in families fulfilling the stringent Amsterdam Ⅰ/Ⅱ criteria, including three rearrangements revealed by MLPA (two in MSH2 and one in MLH1). However, in three out of sixteen HNPCC-suspected families (19%), a disease-causing alteration could be revealed. Furthermore, nine mutations described here are novel, and none of the sequence changes were found in more than one family.CONCLUSION: Our study describes for the f irst time the prevalence and spectrum of germline mismatch repair gene mutations in Hungarian HNPCC and suspected-HNPCC families. The results presented here suggest that clinical selection criteria should be relaxed and detection of genomic rearrangements should be included in genetic screening in this population.