Kenneth Roy Norman,英国剑桥大学荣休教授,他的专长主要是研究中古印度雅利安语。诺曼教授是目前健在最重要的印度学家和巴利语专家之一。诺曼曾于伦敦大学亚非学院举行了一系列演讲,此演讲共分十讲,主要是从佛教语言文献学的角度来谈...Kenneth Roy Norman,英国剑桥大学荣休教授,他的专长主要是研究中古印度雅利安语。诺曼教授是目前健在最重要的印度学家和巴利语专家之一。诺曼曾于伦敦大学亚非学院举行了一系列演讲,此演讲共分十讲,主要是从佛教语言文献学的角度来谈佛教研究之中的若干重要问题。展开更多
The article tries to bring the issues related to problematic aspects of conceptualization of Buddhism into words closer. The author pays attention to Japanese output of 19th century Japanese idea that grasped Buddhism...The article tries to bring the issues related to problematic aspects of conceptualization of Buddhism into words closer. The author pays attention to Japanese output of 19th century Japanese idea that grasped Buddhism into the theoretical frames of western philosophy. The attempt of translating Buddhism with terminology taken from European philosophy allowed not only to refresh the general look at Buddhism, but also to bring it closer to western man. By analyzing the western philosophy, we may often come across many aspects closed to Buddhist idea although we must bear in mind the fact that those similarities can often enough create a misrepresentation. The present article as an attempt is to answer the questions: To what degree can we really speak of knowledge of Buddhism being closed in language frames? Is it possible to get to know Buddhism without its practice, based only on the philosophical studies?展开更多
Contrary to occidental philosophy, oriented to grasping and solidifying the principles of essential being (ontos on), Buddhism seeks to understand the aspect of our existence that experiences suffering in life. In t...Contrary to occidental philosophy, oriented to grasping and solidifying the principles of essential being (ontos on), Buddhism seeks to understand the aspect of our existence that experiences suffering in life. In the East Asian languages Human beings are described as Inter-Beings in that they are enveloped by the topos of life and death. From breath to breath, our life is bound to the moments of emerging and vanishing, being and non-being in an essential unity. D6gen's philosophical thinking integrated this conception with the embodied cognition of both thinking and acting self. In the phenomenological point of view, Heidegger (1927; 1993) emphasizes Being as bound to fundamental substantiality, which borders at the Ab-grund, falling into nothingness. With D^gen, the unity-within-contrast of life and death is exemplified in our breathing, because it achieves the unity of body and cognition which can be called "corpus." In perfect contrast, the essential reflection for Heidegger is that of grasping the fundament of Being in the world, which represents the actualization of a Thinking-Being-Unity. The goal of this comparison is to fundamentally grasp what is the essentiality of being, life, and recognition (in Japanesejikaku f~ ~) bound to embodied cognition in our globalized world.展开更多
At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, a...At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, air, and water which reflect the human influence on organic and inorganic life. So, it is timely significant to pay attention on environmental preservation and management. The main purpose of this study is to explore how the Buddhist teaching could be used for environmental preservation and management. Accordingly, this study introduces a suitable long term environmental preservation model. The other objectives of this study are to learn Buddhism for environmental preservation and management, to create a new model which combines man and environment together, to compare Buddhist thinking and modem man's thinking regarding environmental preservation and management through the above and, to motivate man to preserve environment in through both direct and indirect ways. This study was based on the question whether the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized to solve today's environmental issues? The hypothesis was that the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized for environmental preservation and management. For this purpose, the teachings of Buddha, related to environmental preservation as found in "Suttapil;aka" and "Vinayapi!;aka" were studied. In order to address these conditions we have subjected randomly collected information for interpretation and comparative analysis in qualitative research methodology. The content that has been analyzed is compared with the ethical code related to the patterns of human behavior and its relation to conservation. This has also given way to building some models related to the Buddhist teaching of environmental preservation. The objective of Buddhist philosophy is to generate sensitivity in the mind, of human beings and persuade them to preserve organic and inorganic environment, based on the view "Man is a creation of the environment". The Buddhist philosophical process of environmental preservation includes preserving flora and fauna, water, air, soil as well as garbage disposal. These elements, along with ethics, can be used in effective environment preservation. This new model of environmental preservation directs human beings towards sustainable development with a realistic vision. The Buddhist teaching on environment civilizes man's physical and spiritual behaviors, with a view to lead human beings towards environmental preservation with a realistic perspective.展开更多
The purpose of this project is to reach more students in food, agricultural, and environmental sciences with a globalized undergraduate curriculum, by providing contextually-rich reusable learning objects (RLOs) and...The purpose of this project is to reach more students in food, agricultural, and environmental sciences with a globalized undergraduate curriculum, by providing contextually-rich reusable learning objects (RLOs) and authentic case studies that address multidisciplinary issues. Reusable learning objects (RLOs) are self--contained, digital learning activities that range in length from 2 to 15 minutes. RLOs can contain a wide array of media, including text, web sites, charts, maps, models, PowerPoint presentations, photos, case studies, simulations, video clips, audio clips, and assessments, Food and agricultural sciences faculty at the University of Florida, the University of Georgia, and Texas A&M University have been selected to be part of a Faculty Learning Community that Will work together in curriculum and RLO development, and will participate in an international study experience funded by this project. For each experience, a group of approximately ten faculty and three project team members will spend roughly two weeks in a Latin American/Caribbean basin country. Various social science data collection processes and evaluation strategies will be the focus of the presentation. The use of preflective and reflective instruments to measure initial attitudes or beliefs about the context-rich multidisciplinary experience and expected gains from participating in the curricula development will be demonstrated.展开更多
The research on foreign language (FL) teachers' cognition and its development has been attracting attention in the field of applied linguistics. However, the gap between teaching theories and truths, teacher belief...The research on foreign language (FL) teachers' cognition and its development has been attracting attention in the field of applied linguistics. However, the gap between teaching theories and truths, teacher beliefs and behaviors can only be annotated by an in-depth investigation of belief determinants (BD) that are shaped by specific educational culture. Based on an investigation of language teacher beliefs, this paper is an annotation of language teacher beliefs in view of educational culture. By using both qualitative and quantitative methods of interviewing forefront teachers and making a literature review, it intends to reveal the dynamic nature of teacher beliefs as the teaching reality in view of the impact and significance of educational culture. It hammers home with the conclusion that the teachers-role-fulfillment in China is based on their real beliefs and loaded with cultural, social, and subject pressure; it is not a lincal impartment from theory to practice, from advocating to implementing, but a selective practice with teachers' active cognition and adaptation towards the local educational culture.展开更多
Language anxiety and language motivation have been studied extensively by experts in foreign language (FL) learning. Both of these constructs have been found to be closely correlated to FL achievement. In this artic...Language anxiety and language motivation have been studied extensively by experts in foreign language (FL) learning. Both of these constructs have been found to be closely correlated to FL achievement. In this article, the author has reviewed foreign language anxiety, language motivation and the relationship between language motivation and language anxiety.展开更多
Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan (Hanshan Sho'i), we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologi...Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan (Hanshan Sho'i), we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty. His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period. Furthermore, SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a "San Sheng" (a Free Sage). Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts. Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called "ni Hanshan shi", which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation. It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry, he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry, and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook, a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk's version. By observing this correlation, this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry, within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty, as based on Chan Buddhist literature, in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period展开更多
Korean Buddhism community has tried to develop its traditions as well as maintaining them through open discussion. Some current incidents, such as the election of the director for the headquarters of the Chogye Order,...Korean Buddhism community has tried to develop its traditions as well as maintaining them through open discussion. Some current incidents, such as the election of the director for the headquarters of the Chogye Order, controversial issues on a prime minster nominee, and the difference between practicing and learning which has been discussed in Buddhist Academia, have generated a new wave in the Korean Buddhism world. Many religious practices which have infiltrated Korean society, including Catholicism and Christianity, have been indigenized to become a unique religious form combined with Korean Shamanism, through which individuals want to achieve personal happiness or material prosperity. Buddhism has been through the same process. Additionally, Buddhism has played a leading role in teaching the public of Korea for a long time and has become a model role for solving national crises. Currently, the Korean Buddhism world has tried to be reborn as a religion that keeps these beneficial traditions in Korea, and the Korean Buddhism can play a positive role in every aspect of culture, politics, and society. Further, the Korean Buddhism is looking for ways to influence Korean society through open discussions. This paper brings out issues that Korean Buddhism faces and presents the solutions to solve those problems.展开更多
This study contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument, Buddhist-based Spiritual Health of Thai University Students Instrument (SHTUSI). Participants were students from bachelor level of 15 fac...This study contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument, Buddhist-based Spiritual Health of Thai University Students Instrument (SHTUSI). Participants were students from bachelor level of 15 faculties (N = 530), Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Thailand. Content validity was examined by six experts (I-CVI = 1). Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis with four latent factors: noble mind, moral living, mindful management, and attentive learning. The reliability coefficient of SHTUSI with 30 items was satisfactory value (Cronbach's α = .89). Each factor has good internal reliability which includes: (1) noble mind (Cronbach's α = .86); (2) moral living (Cronbach's a = .78); (3) mindful management (Cronbach's α = .77); and (4) attentive learning (Cronbach's α = .76). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability was .51 and the concurrent validity was tested by Thai Happiness Indicator with moderate correlation (Pearson's r = .574, p 〈 .01). The finding suggests that the development instrument has adequate validity and reliability.展开更多
文摘The article tries to bring the issues related to problematic aspects of conceptualization of Buddhism into words closer. The author pays attention to Japanese output of 19th century Japanese idea that grasped Buddhism into the theoretical frames of western philosophy. The attempt of translating Buddhism with terminology taken from European philosophy allowed not only to refresh the general look at Buddhism, but also to bring it closer to western man. By analyzing the western philosophy, we may often come across many aspects closed to Buddhist idea although we must bear in mind the fact that those similarities can often enough create a misrepresentation. The present article as an attempt is to answer the questions: To what degree can we really speak of knowledge of Buddhism being closed in language frames? Is it possible to get to know Buddhism without its practice, based only on the philosophical studies?
文摘Contrary to occidental philosophy, oriented to grasping and solidifying the principles of essential being (ontos on), Buddhism seeks to understand the aspect of our existence that experiences suffering in life. In the East Asian languages Human beings are described as Inter-Beings in that they are enveloped by the topos of life and death. From breath to breath, our life is bound to the moments of emerging and vanishing, being and non-being in an essential unity. D6gen's philosophical thinking integrated this conception with the embodied cognition of both thinking and acting self. In the phenomenological point of view, Heidegger (1927; 1993) emphasizes Being as bound to fundamental substantiality, which borders at the Ab-grund, falling into nothingness. With D^gen, the unity-within-contrast of life and death is exemplified in our breathing, because it achieves the unity of body and cognition which can be called "corpus." In perfect contrast, the essential reflection for Heidegger is that of grasping the fundament of Being in the world, which represents the actualization of a Thinking-Being-Unity. The goal of this comparison is to fundamentally grasp what is the essentiality of being, life, and recognition (in Japanesejikaku f~ ~) bound to embodied cognition in our globalized world.
文摘At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, air, and water which reflect the human influence on organic and inorganic life. So, it is timely significant to pay attention on environmental preservation and management. The main purpose of this study is to explore how the Buddhist teaching could be used for environmental preservation and management. Accordingly, this study introduces a suitable long term environmental preservation model. The other objectives of this study are to learn Buddhism for environmental preservation and management, to create a new model which combines man and environment together, to compare Buddhist thinking and modem man's thinking regarding environmental preservation and management through the above and, to motivate man to preserve environment in through both direct and indirect ways. This study was based on the question whether the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized to solve today's environmental issues? The hypothesis was that the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized for environmental preservation and management. For this purpose, the teachings of Buddha, related to environmental preservation as found in "Suttapil;aka" and "Vinayapi!;aka" were studied. In order to address these conditions we have subjected randomly collected information for interpretation and comparative analysis in qualitative research methodology. The content that has been analyzed is compared with the ethical code related to the patterns of human behavior and its relation to conservation. This has also given way to building some models related to the Buddhist teaching of environmental preservation. The objective of Buddhist philosophy is to generate sensitivity in the mind, of human beings and persuade them to preserve organic and inorganic environment, based on the view "Man is a creation of the environment". The Buddhist philosophical process of environmental preservation includes preserving flora and fauna, water, air, soil as well as garbage disposal. These elements, along with ethics, can be used in effective environment preservation. This new model of environmental preservation directs human beings towards sustainable development with a realistic vision. The Buddhist teaching on environment civilizes man's physical and spiritual behaviors, with a view to lead human beings towards environmental preservation with a realistic perspective.
文摘The purpose of this project is to reach more students in food, agricultural, and environmental sciences with a globalized undergraduate curriculum, by providing contextually-rich reusable learning objects (RLOs) and authentic case studies that address multidisciplinary issues. Reusable learning objects (RLOs) are self--contained, digital learning activities that range in length from 2 to 15 minutes. RLOs can contain a wide array of media, including text, web sites, charts, maps, models, PowerPoint presentations, photos, case studies, simulations, video clips, audio clips, and assessments, Food and agricultural sciences faculty at the University of Florida, the University of Georgia, and Texas A&M University have been selected to be part of a Faculty Learning Community that Will work together in curriculum and RLO development, and will participate in an international study experience funded by this project. For each experience, a group of approximately ten faculty and three project team members will spend roughly two weeks in a Latin American/Caribbean basin country. Various social science data collection processes and evaluation strategies will be the focus of the presentation. The use of preflective and reflective instruments to measure initial attitudes or beliefs about the context-rich multidisciplinary experience and expected gains from participating in the curricula development will be demonstrated.
文摘The research on foreign language (FL) teachers' cognition and its development has been attracting attention in the field of applied linguistics. However, the gap between teaching theories and truths, teacher beliefs and behaviors can only be annotated by an in-depth investigation of belief determinants (BD) that are shaped by specific educational culture. Based on an investigation of language teacher beliefs, this paper is an annotation of language teacher beliefs in view of educational culture. By using both qualitative and quantitative methods of interviewing forefront teachers and making a literature review, it intends to reveal the dynamic nature of teacher beliefs as the teaching reality in view of the impact and significance of educational culture. It hammers home with the conclusion that the teachers-role-fulfillment in China is based on their real beliefs and loaded with cultural, social, and subject pressure; it is not a lincal impartment from theory to practice, from advocating to implementing, but a selective practice with teachers' active cognition and adaptation towards the local educational culture.
文摘Language anxiety and language motivation have been studied extensively by experts in foreign language (FL) learning. Both of these constructs have been found to be closely correlated to FL achievement. In this article, the author has reviewed foreign language anxiety, language motivation and the relationship between language motivation and language anxiety.
文摘Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan (Hanshan Sho'i), we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty. His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period. Furthermore, SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a "San Sheng" (a Free Sage). Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts. Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called "ni Hanshan shi", which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation. It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry, he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry, and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook, a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk's version. By observing this correlation, this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry, within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty, as based on Chan Buddhist literature, in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period
文摘Korean Buddhism community has tried to develop its traditions as well as maintaining them through open discussion. Some current incidents, such as the election of the director for the headquarters of the Chogye Order, controversial issues on a prime minster nominee, and the difference between practicing and learning which has been discussed in Buddhist Academia, have generated a new wave in the Korean Buddhism world. Many religious practices which have infiltrated Korean society, including Catholicism and Christianity, have been indigenized to become a unique religious form combined with Korean Shamanism, through which individuals want to achieve personal happiness or material prosperity. Buddhism has been through the same process. Additionally, Buddhism has played a leading role in teaching the public of Korea for a long time and has become a model role for solving national crises. Currently, the Korean Buddhism world has tried to be reborn as a religion that keeps these beneficial traditions in Korea, and the Korean Buddhism can play a positive role in every aspect of culture, politics, and society. Further, the Korean Buddhism is looking for ways to influence Korean society through open discussions. This paper brings out issues that Korean Buddhism faces and presents the solutions to solve those problems.
文摘This study contributes to the development of a valid and reliable instrument, Buddhist-based Spiritual Health of Thai University Students Instrument (SHTUSI). Participants were students from bachelor level of 15 faculties (N = 530), Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai Campus, Thailand. Content validity was examined by six experts (I-CVI = 1). Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis with four latent factors: noble mind, moral living, mindful management, and attentive learning. The reliability coefficient of SHTUSI with 30 items was satisfactory value (Cronbach's α = .89). Each factor has good internal reliability which includes: (1) noble mind (Cronbach's α = .86); (2) moral living (Cronbach's a = .78); (3) mindful management (Cronbach's α = .77); and (4) attentive learning (Cronbach's α = .76). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability was .51 and the concurrent validity was tested by Thai Happiness Indicator with moderate correlation (Pearson's r = .574, p 〈 .01). The finding suggests that the development instrument has adequate validity and reliability.