论钱谦益诗学对江户时代诗风诗论的影响

钱谦益是明末清初的文坛领袖。他编撰的《列朝诗集》传到日本后,对江户时代诗风诗论的变迁产生了极大影响。荻生徂徕等古文辞派对钱氏诗学痛加贬斥和攻击;而不满古文辞派的梁田蜕岩,特别是主张清新性灵的山本北山则积极利用钱氏诗学以反对徂徕派的古文辞说,对促使江户时代诗坛由拟唐摹明的第二期向提倡学习宋诗清新性灵的第三期转变起到了关键性作用。然而,钱氏诗学对于江户时代诗学的影响尚未受到学界足够重视和公允评价,这不符合江户时代诗学发展的实际。因此,对日本文士是如何解读、批评、吸收或利用钱谦益诗学等问题作多角度考论,不但可以正确认识和评价钱氏诗学对江户时代诗风诗论的影响,而且能够更加客观地把握江户时代诗学的变迁轨迹。

What Writings Match Poet＇s Suffering

The author found the text and poem writing had not always been correspondent to his personal experience through observation and reading. The poets really meant that their own poems could not express his suffering when he said he had been afraid that he could not match his suffering. People often think the rich experieuce is the key to the depth of writing, but the truth is not like that. The author concluded that the content of poem shall keep certain gap with the ethic meaning through research on the experience and writing of the great poets and give an ontological questioning and then he can embody common humanity and emotion without blank teaching. A poet shall be in face of the difficulty of writing and learn to handle with the challenge of difficulty, and then the difficulty can be transferred into skill of writing,

LI Bai＇s Eight Poems About XI Shi

The study traces Chinese poet LI Bai＇s eight poems about why none of these eight poems gets anthologized in Tang the mythical figure XI Shi and investigates the reasons Shi San Bai Shou （ 《唐诗三百首》）, the most popular poetry of Tang Dynasty anthology. Observations focus on the poems＇ departure from writing conventions, the poems＇ genre of huai gu （怀古）, the general assumption that may block our understandings and evaluations of these literary works such as LI Po is clumsy at describing feelings and he shows signs of hasty composition and his risky experiments with the tonal effects.

Writing Haiku in a Second Language： Perceptions, Attitudes, and Emotions of Second Language Learners

The aim of the current study is to discuss the value of poetry writing in an L2 （second language） by investigating perceptions, attitudes, and emotions of 20 EFL （English as a Foreign Language） college freshmen regarding writing Japanese poetry, haiku in English. This paper first discussed issues and uses of literature in L2 contexts and addressed the current empirical inquiry into L2 haiku writing as a method for L2 learning. The study was designed as a qualitative research which investigated the participants＇ reflection on writing L2 haikus for six weeks in an EFL college writing course. The data obtained was analyzed by using the coding system and showed that writing haiku in the target language was a challenging but valuable task for L2 learning among the EFL students. Especially haiku composition allowed them to develop their L2 linguistic awareness

Communities and the Poetic Imaginary：A Folklore Essay on the Poetry of the Wild Project

Poetry of the Wild is an ongoing artistic and literary project that according to originator Ana Flores＇ conception, invites the public ＂out for a walk＂ to freshly experience their world through word, sound, and image. Inspired by birdhouse design, these unique configurations of ＂poetry boxes＂, combining art and poetry are located in various communal open spaces. Each new project solicits a public response from us all to become catalysts for exploring our environs and questioning how a sense of place informs our consciousness. A folkloristic perspective shapes this discussion about the many variations of this collaborative and public project of poetry boxes, installed on trails, in parks, along rivers, and in library stacks over the past ten years. The primary concerns of folklore interpretation such as tradition, identity, cultural creativity, performance, and narrative analysis, are just a few of the dynamics that can be teased out from investigating a project with such interesting cultural parameters. In this context, cultural sustainability and poetic sensibility deepen our understanding of sense of place, environmental aesthetics, shrine markers, and the scope of individual and communal creative action.

A Comparative Analysis on Nine English Translations of Mao Zedong Poems

A poem can not be interpreted to its exact meaning, which determines the different understanding and translation strategies and the ensuing different translation versions. This paper, by analyzing nine versions of Mao Zedong＇s poems from its form, choice of words, imagery and meters, finds that Prof. Li Zheng-shuan＇s version has reproduced both the lyrical and spiritual effects in the translation： Looking at it, it＇s pleasant to the eyes; listening to it, it＇s agreeable to the ear; thinking about it, it＇s penetrating to the mind; reading it, it＇s flowing fluently on the tongue

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost or Empathic Cognition and the Role of Symbols in Comprehension of Poetry

The role of empathic cognition is very ＂great for philosophers and philosophy in general and for ordinary people. Empathic cognition gives people a chance ＂to let＂ the emotions of the Other ＂go＂ into their minds. Empathic cognition is based on so-called co-suffering and in-sensation of the feelings of the Other or Others. Clots of energy or certain energy units are formed in consciousness of each person, they are called ＂subjective representants＂. It is possible to understand the Other or Others and to decipher the main idea of the poem （if the task to work on translation is given） and to express it in the native language if to find out not only the meanings of the words but the symbols the author has used in his poem. The reader ＂goes into＂ the world of the author trying to be near the author and trying to grasp what the author felt working on the poem. There is something what gives us a possibility to enter into the world of a creative personality. This ＂something＂ is empathic cognition.

Alienation of the soul ,Interpretation of The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock

The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock is known as the first masterpiece of modernism poetry. Its protagonist Prufrock is not a concrete single person, but an abstraction of all modem men in trouble. He is alienated by women, time and space, and hence he is paralyzed and helpless. The use of dramatic monologue and stream of consciousness, quotation and allusions, objective correlative and startling imagery, irony and anti-climax, refrain and rhythm, fragmentation and juxtaposition not only deepens the theme, but also establishes Eliot＇s reputation as a leading modernist poet.

The Travelling Muse Cathay and the Influence of Chinese Classical Poems on Ezra Pound＇s Poetics＊

This paper intends to study Ezra Pound＇s early poetics and his modemist poetry through a close research of the Eastern elements in the shaping process of his poetics and the significance and influence of his poetic thoughts on the American New Poetry Movement. In order to clarify the essence of Pound＇s early poetics under the influence of Chinese classical poems, the paper starts from the discussion of the influence of Cathay （1915） and his translation of Cathay; then it provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between Chinese classical poems and Pound＇s creation; and finally it has given an analysis of ＂In a Station of the Metro＂. Pound absorbed different poetic concepts from all of them and transformed his poetry from the conventional Romanticism to the innovative Modemism. What Pound innovated in the poetry composition is of great importance if the new era wishes to shake off the banality and out-of-date tradition in literature. Pound changed a whole generation of poets and set a good example for those who desire to write in a new way

Exploring Lives of China Ming-Qing Female Poets： Collaboration of the “Ming-Qing Women’s Writings Digital Archive and Database” and the “China Biographical Database”

Based on the “Ming-Qing Women’s Writings （MQWW）, a digital archive and database” project and the “China Biographical Database （CBDB）” project, which have been collaborating since 2008, this paper uses different digital methods to analyse the Ming-Qing women poets’ lives, such as the themes of their poems, their geographical distribution, and their social networks. The aim of this paper is to show researchers various prospects for the integration of digital humanities projects.

Engaging College Students in Experiential Learning： Learning Through Serving, Inspiring Through Experience, and Creating Identity Through Bilingual Poetry

Experiential learning is the opportunity to meld teaching with experience; ＂to do＂ the things students learn about in the classroom, yet outside the classroom walls. I am an instructor that embraces experiential learning. Every other year, I lead a Chican@ Literature class which, after the semester is finished, culminates with a two-week excursion to New Mexico. While on-campus I highlight specific themes within Chicano narrative and poetry. Discussions focus on several key aspects regarding Chican@ Literature whose purpose is to create a voice for those whom have been marginalized within mainstream American culture. Chican@ Literature emphasizes a concept of origin which is reiterated in New Mexico through a sense of place in nature. A second topic often addressed in Chican@ Literature is the idea of aprendizaje. This is a journey of knowledge. In each episode experienced, the narrative voice gains a broader understanding of identity. This aprendizaje is also shared by my students as they gain a sense of self as defined by their own community in juxtaposition with their New Mexican fieldwork and the bilingual poetry they write. Lastly, Chican@ Literature often reveals an author or poet＇s personal culture clash or cultural fusion within the creative work itself. Once again, my students write about their own perspectives in a poetry workshop and presented their pieces during a poetry slam. Some of these pieces are included in this manuscript.

A Study on Imitating Activities ,ofHanshan Poems by Chan Buddhist Monks in SONG Dynasty

Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan, a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan （Hanshan Sho＇i）, we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty. His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period. Furthermore, SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a ＂San Sheng＂ （a Free Sage）. Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts. Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called ＂ni Hanshan shi＂, which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation. It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry, he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry, and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook, a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk＇s version. By observing this correlation, this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry, within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty, as based on Chan Buddhist literature, in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period

The Agreement between Socrates and Homer： An Interpretation of Plato＇s Ion

The argument involved in the development of the agonistic debate in Plato＇s Ion is set by the requirement of determining the specific status of poetry in relation with the cognitive faculties which make possible the poetic creation as well as the rhapsodist＇s performance. This discussion, established in the dialogue in theoretical terms, is the philosophic answer to the historical problem implied in the ancient criticism to the traditional paideia. According to the new epistemological criteria of philosophy, a genuine knowledge must appear as a discursive instance that could transmit abilities subject to exposition by means of rational arguments and, at the same time, capable of pointing out its universal principles. Our purpose is to demonstrate that the theoretical competence of the rhapsodist is reformulated by Socrates so as to be placed in an aesthetic register, the foundation of which cannot be subsumed under the epistemic regime with which the issue of the technai is dealt with. Thus, the version exposed in Plato＇s Ion regarding the nature of the rhapsodist＇s singing does not contradict the Homeric tradition, inasmuch as for Homer, the instance that integrates the memory of the community with that of the aoidos is his disposition to immediately manifest the exemplary images, for the audience to experiment a visual reception where the discursive dimension is consumed as the element in which the concrete representation of memory is expressed

Imagination and Emotion in William Blake＇s Poems

Writer＇s imagination does not only provide inspiration for literary creation, but also contribute literature works with more dazzling brilliance. As a representative of the British Romantic Poetry--William Blake, whose poems are full of imagination, always concedes his emotion and thoughts in a variety of imageries, exposing the reality of his times within his poetry writing. However. William Blake＇s imagination is no castles in the air, but based on the religious mythology, historical background, and the poet＇s life experience and dream pursuit. Only with in-depth understanding of the imagination in William Blake＇s poems can those hidden emotions and thoughts be grasped and appreciated.

I Celebrate Myself ＆ I Sing Myself： Romulus Bucur on Romulus Bucur＇s Ditties

The present paper, in spite of its quite scandalous title, is just a serious reflection, from the inside, on a certain part of the poetry of a contemporary Romanian poet （the author of the paper himself）, in the line of a tradition starting with Poe＇s Philosophy of Composition （1846）, passing through the avant-garde and ending, for the moment, in Andy Warhol＇s self-promotion. The analysis from the inside and the honest reflection of the interplay between poetry, music, and contemporary popular culture might lead to a better understanding of the poetry made at the end of the 20th century--beginning of the 21 st century. The corpus analyzed is a series of poems written between 1994 and the present day, under the generic title of ditty, published in several books （between which a bilingual pamphlet, Ditties/Cfntecelce）, 1998）, and the paper speaks about their genesis, their poetics, and hopes to help the process of their interpretation, as well as to bring a new interpretation of the poetry/music relationship

Rhetoric and Meaning in Poetry： The Case of Zambia

This paper aims at showing how rhetoric and meaning in Zambian poetry interact. The work analyses the definition of poetry and gives the understanding that poetry is an artistic use of language that employs figurative language for maximum effect. The work also analyses rhetoric and concludes that the sole aim of rhetoric is to persuade the audience. The use of this rhetoric is later identified as a preoccupation of most poets. After studying a number of rhetorical devices used in poetry, the work has studied selected Zambian poems and focussed on the use of rhyme and alliteration in the poems. It has been shown that there is much use of rhyme but with limited use of alliteration. In both cases, the use is not so much to the contribution to the meaning in the poetry. The poets usually use these devices for the sake of beauty and not meaning. The paper therefore suggests that poets could undergo some formal training in composition while the art is also taught to the young while in their early years in schools.

作诗何浪漫

莫问涂鸦何浪漫，铁鞋踏破向诗坛。 三山景色纳心底，四海波澜涌笔端。 雪染三千丈白发，风吹八万里征鞍。