从马来西亚官方媒体的报道解读该国政府的南海政策——以马新社及《使者报》1999年至2013年的相关报道为分析依据

从上个世纪末至今,作为东盟成员国中对南沙群岛部分岛礁及水域提出主权要求的国家之一,马来西亚虽前后历经3任总理,但该国政府在南海问题上所秉持的政策始终坚持以"务实"为基点,以获取经济利益为核心。《使者报》是该国政府的喉舌报,本论文通过对该报近10余年来与南海问题相关的大量新闻报道或综合评论的跟踪分析,尝试对马来西亚的南海政策进行解读,并探寻有助于我国应对南海困局的"马来西亚因素"。

高句丽中央官位等级制度的演变

高句丽中央官位等级制度在发展演变过程中,先后出现汉魏时期7级制、晋隋时期12级制、唐朝时期17级制等3种官位等级的变化。高句丽中央官位由五部贵族与非五部贵族两部分官员组成,他们所能担当的官位有严格的界限,并逐步形成了以兄为核心的兄系官位体系和以使者为核心的使者系官位体系。

Joint multi-user space time block coding and beamforming via convolutional weighting

A convolutional weighting （CW） scheme applied to a half-wavelength spacing array was proposed for multi-user system to joint STBC （space time block ceding） and beam forming （BF）. The transmitting beam is equivalent to the product of two sub-beams. One is used to realize interference suppression, while the other is employed to form a couple of uncorrelated channels from base station （BS） to the desited user （to meet the requirement of STBC） and to maximize SINR （signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio） at the desired receiver. As an optimum combination of STBC and beam forming, the proposed scheme can achieve both full diversity order of STBC and array gain of BF. Meanwhile, it can also effec- tively restrain multi-user interference by nulling. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the BER （Bit Error Rate） performance and enhance system capacity as compared with the conventional eigen-beamforming （EBF） technique applied to a half-wavelength spacing array.

Impact of concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel or ticagrelor on clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background There is great debate on the possible adverse interaction between proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） and clopidogrel. In ad- dition, whether the use of PPIs affects the clinical efficacy of ticagrelor remains less known. We aimed to determine the impact of concomi- tant administration of PPIs and clopidogrel or ticagrelor on clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） after percuta- neous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data fi＇om a ＂real world＂, international, multi-center registry between 2003 and 2014 （n = 15,401） and assessed the impact of concomitant administration of PPIs and clopidogrel or ticagrelor on 1-year composite primary endpoint （all-cause death, re-infarction, or severe bleeding） in patients with ACS after PCI. Results Of 9429 patients in the final cohort, 54.8% （n = 5165） was prescribed a PPI at discharge. Patients receiving a PPI were older, more often female, and were more likely to have comorbidities. No association was observed between PPI use and the primary endpoint for patients receiving clopidogrel （ad- justed HR： 1.036; 95% CI： 0.903-1.189） or ticagrelor （adjusted HR： 2.320; 95% CI： 0.875-45.151） （Pinteraction = 0.2004）. Similarly, use of a PPI was not associated with increased risk of all-cause death, re-infarction, or a decreased risk of severe bleeding for patients treated with either clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Conclusions In patients with ACS following PCI, concomitant use of PPIs was not associated with in- creased risk of adverse outcomes in patients receiving either clopidogrel or ticagrelor. Our findings indicate it is reasonable to use a PPI in combination with clopidogrel or ticagrelor, especially in patients with a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Contextual Adaptation of Language Choices -With Reference to Obama＇s 2015 State of the Union Address

An empirical research is done on how political Obama＇s 2015 State of the Union Address as the corpora sample speeches adapt to context in the framework of adaptation theory, taking This paper shows that language choices in the State of the Union Address are adaptive to all the levels of the context, including communicative context （language users, mental world, social world, and physical world） and linguistic context. It is confirmed one of the theoretical stances of adaptation theory that there is no language use without being adaptive to context.

COEXISTENCE OF PRIMARY USERS AND SECONDARY USERS UNDER INTERFERENCE TEMPERATURE AND SINR LIMIT

Spectrum sharing offers the opportunity for promising efficiency gains, and it will be a valuable tool in the era of future radios.To address this issue, we develop a multi-user cognitive radio sharing network based on opportunistic spectrum access and propose a new spectrum sharing strategy.The objective of our interest is to obtain the number of secondary users who can coexist peacefully with primary users to improve the utility of licensed spectrum, at the same time maximize the total goodput under the interference temperature and SINR constraints.Through analysis and simulation, the new strategy of spectrum sharing does improve the goodput performance as well as guarantee the Quality of Service(QoS) of primary and secondary users.

野蛮人的血与沙

美剧、《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》热映，让人们血脉贲张的同时，还迷恋上野蛮人的正气凛然和原始狂野。在欧美游戏中，力大尚武的人群都被翻译为野蛮人，他们身为文明边缘部落的成员，拒绝受一切温柔和软弱事物的影响，得益于坚定意志和强健的体格，

Compensation Method： New Perspectives

The compensation method aiming to reduce the irradiation on the user＇s body and to form a weak field area （a dark spot） in an antenna near region is considered. The results of the method development for the use in a narrow frequencies range are given. They show that under realistic conditions the compensation method allows reducing the irradiation power by a factor of 3-4 and more. The pattern changes are predictable and small, if the points of antennas placement are selected correctly. The dark spot necessity near the transmitter is not limited by mobile communication. A man often uses a low-power radio station, which is placed nearby in a vehicle, and it is necessary to protect from irradiation not only user but also other passengers. In the paper, it is shown that broadband field compensation can be achieved in various structures where the needed anti-phase fields are created either by identical antennas or by radiators located at equal distance from the compensation point, or by flat reflectors.

Predicting Business Insolvency： The Latvian Experience

This paper presents investigations of bankruptcy predicting models which can be useful for external users of a financial statement. Only the methods of financial analysis for insolvency prediction, useful on the basis of financial statements, were investigated. The paper studied the influence of insolvency on the development of the Latvian Economy, including such relevant points： dynamics of number of insolvency cases in Latvia, data of the payment discipline of debts, tax liabilities of the insolvent companies, dynamics of unemployment support payments. Empirical investigations shows that only Altman＇s Z＇＂ and Fulmer＇s H models demonstrate accuracy above 80% in all analyzed business sectors and they are applicable for Latvian companies. The other models are useful to some particular business sector.

Office Furniture Design for Wheelchair User

There are an estimated 1.19 million wheelchair users in Spain. People use wheelchairs for a variety of reasons, the most common one is paralysis from spinal cord injuries. Current estimates indicate there are around 504,000 people alive in Spain with spinal cord injuries. Among other reasons for using wheelchairs are： fatigue from multiple sclerosis, muscle weakness from muscular dystrophy, lower limb spasticity from cerebral palsy, and missing limbs due to amputation. People who use wheelchairs may encounter a variety of obstacles at their workstations depending on their limitations. Some possible accommodations could be adjustable height desk or table for a person who cannot work comfortably at an existing desk, accessible filing system or office supplies, and frequently used materials on most accessible shelves or drawers for a person who cannot reach upper and lower shelves and drawers. This paper presents the graphical design of a workstation for wheelchair users, in this case, technical, anthropometric, ergonomic, aesthetics and scientists aspects have been analyzed. The design of composite structure conduct to explicit safety constraints applied to office furniture requirements kept continuously current and updated as part of innovation. Finally, results are showed in a three-dimensional model.

老年髋关节置换术应用不同麻醉方式的价值探析

目的探讨老年髋关节置换术应用不同麻醉方式的价值。方法回顾2016年1月—2017年2月84例老年髋关节置换术患者并分组。对照组用全麻方式,研究组用腰硬联合麻醉方式。比较两组老年髋关节置换术麻醉优良率;麻醉起效时间、麻醉后心率、血压变化;麻醉不良事件出现率。结果研究组老年髋关节置换术麻醉优良率高于对照组,P<0.05;研究组麻醉起效时间、麻醉后心率、血压变化优于对照组,P<0.05;研究组麻醉不良事件出现率低于对照组,P<0.05。结论老年髋关节置换术应用腰硬联合麻醉的价值高,可更快起效,稳定生命体征,减少并发症发生,安全和可行性高。

Reflection of the development of the national musicology in the college music education

The national musicology was introduced into China from the western countries, so the Chinese scholars need to continue to absorb and draw lessons from the advanced western national musicological theories, and should carry out the innovation base on the ＂used doctrine＂. According to China＇s national conditions and the characteristics of the cultures, improve the research methodology of the national musicology, so that the national musicology can have the Chinese characteristics. The national musicology is an independent basic discipline in the university education. In China, the music education and research work in colleges and universities has an important role in the inheritance and development of the national music. In this paper, combined with the present situations of the music education in colleges and universities, from the perspectives of the education and the research, the author expounds the ideas of the development trends of the national musicology in the music education in colleges and universities.

Current Resource-using Situation and Countermeasure Research of the Coliseum in the Conservation-oriented Society.

Constructing a conservation-oriented society is a very urgent mission for China at present, and how the large-scale athletic events carry through economical principle and policy is the topic that each physical worker needs research. Based on literature cite and expert＇ s interviewing etc. this text makes analysis to the present resource-using condition of the coliseum in the economy-oriented society, and puts forward related countermeasures of the coliseum＇ s development as reference to decision makers.

使者

新世纪的钟声从遥远的空港传来，在城市的角落间游走回荡。庆典的飞船做着令人眼花缭乱的特技，留下的尾迹在深邃的夜空中飘游扩散，在城市的惰气防护圈外慢慢下坠。浮于视线深处荒芜的月表，散射着来自宇宙的星光，给人以大气的假象。望不到顶的大楼间不时闪现着祝福的标语，映衬着礼花的绽放和人群的欢呼，形成这月球独有的壮美景象。

Research on Travel Preferences of Wheelchair Users in Barrier-Free Environments and Improvement Strategies for Adaptive Urban Roads

The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.

USE OF IDIOMS IN CHINESE EFL LEARNERS' SPOKEN ENGLISH:EVIDENCE FROM SECCL AND COLSEC

This paper investigates the use of idioms in Chinese EFL learners' spoken English by virtue of two corpora, SECCL and COLSEC. The results indicate that there is no difference in the use of idioms between English-major and non-English-major learners. The learners are competent at using most of the idioms of high and high-medium frequency. However, they use nearly none of the idioms of medium and below frequency. Based on the findings, we conclude that the learners do not have a good command of the most frequently used idioms in spoken English. Suggestions on syllabus designing and classroom teaching are brought about at the end of the paper.

Unsuccessful letter–sound integration in English reading by native Chinese speakers: evidence from an event related potentials study

Integrating letters and sounds are essential for successful reading in alphabetic languages. It remains unclear if native speakers of non-alphabetic languages integrate letters and sounds in reading an alphabetic lan- guage in the same way as native alphabetic readers do. Chinese is a morpho-syllabic system （each character cor- responds to one syllable） and contrasts sharply with alphabetic languages such as English. Several fMRI studies have shown that native Chinese speakers apply their native language system to read English words. By using the cross- modal mismatch negativity （MMN） paradigm, we directly investigated letter-sound integration for reading in English among native Chinese speakers. To investigate the effect of native language background on letter-sound integration in second language reading, a group of native Korean English learners served as a comparison group. We compared MMN responses between an auditory only condition （only vowels presented） and two audiovisual conditions （AV0, vowel presented synchronously with the corresponding letter; AV200, the letter presented 200 ms before the corresponding vowel） for both native Chinese and native Korean speakers. Native Chinese speakers demonstrated significantly attenuated MMN amplitudes in audiovisual conditions compared with the auditory only condition, regardless of their phonological decoding speed. In con- trast, native Korean speakers showed amplified amplitude MMN in AV200 compared with that in the auditory only condition. The results suggest that native language may shape the brain responses of second language learners to reading a second language in the early stages. Native non- alphabetic language speakers may be unable to use visual information to facilitate their phonological processing in the early stage while naT：lye alphabetic language speakers are capable of integrating letter sounds automatically.

"Nativeness" and Intelligibility:Impacts of Intercultural Experience Through English as a Lingua Franca on Chinese Speakers' Language Attitudes

This paper investigates the impacts of intercultural experience through English as a lingua franca （ELF） on language attitudes, with the focus on Chinese speakers＇ narratives of ELF experience in relation to their views of Englishes. The data retrieved through 769 questionnaires and 35 interviews with Chinese users of English revealed the impacts in four aspects. First, the lack of ELF experience helps to maintain the assumption that conformity to native English is necessary for interactants to understand each other. Second, ELF experience triggers the question about the exclusive connection between nativeness and intelligibility. Third, it raises challenges to the exclusive relevance of native English for successful intercultural communication. Fourth, it helps to develop an awareness of intercultural communication strategies as important for communicative effectiveness in the context of the diversity of English. Attitudes revealed in the four aspects all point to a concern with the issue what is intelligible English. This paper thus discusses intelligibility in relation to （non-） nativeness and the role of intercultural experience in making sense of the issue of intelligibility, which leads to the exploration of pedagogical implications of this study.

China＇s Housing Market Imbalance from 2003 to 2016： An Analysis Based on the User Cost Approach

During 2003-2016, China experienced an unprecedented housing market imbalance. The present paper applies the user cost approach to conduct a systematic analysis of this important phenomenon, examines the policy factors behind the persistent housing market imbalance, and explores policy options to correct the housing market imbalance. We found that during most of 2003-2016, the user cost was significantly lower than 2 percent, caused by high income growth, rapid credit expansion and low interest rates, which led to the persistent housing market imbalance. Therefore, the government should control bank credit and introduce property taxes during the possession of houses.

Economic Dispatch of Smart Distribution Networks for Electricity Cost Reduction

Consumers＇ electricity cost keeps increasing over the time in most countries across the world. The main reason is that importing electricity from generation plants far from a load center is relatively expensive, as costs are paid not only for generation but also for energy loss and network use. To this end, it is more economi- cal to use electricity generated by local distributed generations. In order to reduce customers＇ electricity cost, a new economic dispatch of smart distribution networks is proposed. Economic dispatch of smart distribution network is to meet load demand with the least consumers＇ electricity cost considering distributed generators, while recognizing all operational limits of generation and transmission facilities in a distribution network. Case study shows that consumers＇ electricity cost can be reduced by about 200/o through economic dispatch of distri- bution network. Further, generation cost and emission of distribution network are reduced as well.