中国古代对行星盈缩历起点黄经及其进动值的测算

唐代天文学家一行在《大衍历》中,首次用行星变差来刻画行星盈缩历起点每年相对于冬至点的进动,此后的历法或者沿袭《大衍历》的做法直接给出行星变差,或者将行星变差隐含在相关算法中。本文全面考察了《大衍历》类历法中的行星变差常数及其含义,对于未直接给出行星变差的历法,则根据历法中的相关术文,重新构建了这些历法中行星盈缩历起点平均每年进动数值的表达式,并总结了行星盈缩历起点的进动规律。本文的研究结果表明,行星盈缩历起点并非行星近日点,但是由于外行星盈缩历起点黄经与其近日点黄经相差较小,因此可以将外行星盈缩历起点视为近日点。与此相应,行星变差或盈缩历起点进动并非行星近日点进动,由于各部历法中的行星变差或盈缩历起点进动值没有明显的规律可循,因此历法家很有可能已经具备了通过实测确定行星盈缩历起点的能力,而行星变差或盈缩历起点进动值应该是历法家确定行星盈缩历起点之后,配合上元积年而调整出来的数值。

《续资治通鉴》讹误考校举例

清华沅编修的《续资治通鉴》一百二十卷 ,综括宋、辽、夏、金、元诸朝史事 ,以编年体形式对二百余年古代历史作了记述和总结 ,是一部质量上乘的史著 ,但其书在流传过程中不免发生文字上的讹、脱、衍、倒现象 ,中华书局点校本补充缺漏、详为校对 ,实属校勘较为精审的一份成果 ,但疏漏失校处却随处可见 ,尤以干支纪日讹误为多。本文考校其中 2 1条以作纠谬 ,试图还原史书原貌 ,以教正于方家。

试评元监察官杨朵儿只

元朝的监察官吏中,如御史中丞崔或、董文用、王寿、郝天挺、赵世延、张珪、吕思诚等人,以其公正无私、不畏权贵宠臣、敢于严惩贪官恶吏、平反冤狱错案而闻名于当时.这些人中的敢与宠臣的专横暴虐、贪赃枉法行为进行坚强不屈的斗争,并因此而被害的杨朵儿只,事迹则最为突出.现将其生平和主要事迹,略作评介.

Origin of Quaternary Red Clay of Southern Anhui Province

The particle size distribution, heavy mineral constituents and rare earth elements (REE) characteristics of the Quaternary red clay of southern Anhui Province were studied to explore the origin of the clay. The results showed that the clay had some properties of areolian deposits, which could be compared with those of the loess in North China; and its chondrite normalized curves of REE were similar to those of the Xiashu loess, implying that they shared the same origin. It was concluded in combination with the results reported by other researchers that the Quaternary red clay of southern Anhui Province originated from aeolian deposits, and this could reveal the cycles of warm and cold climates in the area during the Quaternary period.

Elemental characteristics of lacustrine oil shale and its controlling factors of palaeo-sedimentary environment on oil yield： a case from Chang 7 oil layer of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin

As an important unconventional resource, oil shale has received widespread attention. The oil shale of the Chang 7 oil layer from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin represents the typical lacustrine oil shale in China. Based on analyzing trace elements and oil yield from boreholes samples, characteristics and paleo-sedi- mentary environments of oil shale and relationship between paleo-sedimentary environment and oil yield were studied. With favorable quality, oil yield of oil shale varies from 1.4% to 9.1%. Geochemical data indicate that the paleo-redox condition of oil shale＇s reducing condition from analyses of V/Cr, V/（V ＋ Ni）, U/Th, δU, and authi genic uranium. Equivalent Boron, Sp, and Sr/Ba illustrate that paleosalinity of oil shale is dominated by fresh water. The paleoclimate of oil shale is warm and humid by calculating the chemical index of alteration and Sr/Cu. Fe/Ti and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti all explain that there were hot water activities during the sedimentary period of oil shale. In terms of Zr/Rb, paleohydrodynamics of oil shale is weak. By means of Co abundance and U/Th, paleo-water-depth of oil shale is from 17.30 to 157.26 m, reflecting sedimentary environment which is mainly in semi deep-deep lake facies. Correlation analyses between oil yield and six paleoenvironmental factors show that the oil yield of oil shale is mainly controlled by paleo-redox conditions, paleoclimate, hot water activities, and depth of water.Paleosalinity and paleohydrodynamics have an inconspicuous influence on oil yield.

Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang(Amur) River area between China and Russia

Four main dinosaur-bearing sites have been investigated in latest Cretaceous deposits from the Amur/Heilongjiang Region ： Jiayin and Wulaga in China （ Yuliangze Formation）, Blagoveschensk and Kundur in Russia （Udurchukan Formation）. More than 90% of the bones discovered in these localities belong to hollow-crested lambeosaurine hadrosaurids： Charonosaurus fiayinensis at Jiayin, Amurosaurus riabinini at Blagoveschensk, Olorotitan arharensis at Kundur, and Sahaliyania elunchunorum at Wulaga. Flat-headed hadrosaurine hadrosaurids are much less numerous, but appear well diversified as well： Kerberosaurus manakini at Blagoveschensk, Wulagasaurus dongi at Wulaga, and a new genus at Kundur. Theropods are represented by shed teeth and isolated bones; isolated scutes and teeth discovered at Kundur are tentatively attributed to nodosaurids. Palynological studies suggest that these sites are probably synchronous with the Lancian＇ vertebrate localities of western North America, which represent the youngest dinosaur faunas in this area. However, the latest Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages are completely different in the Amur/Heilongjiang region （lambeosaurines abundant, ceratopsids absent） and in western North America （ceratopsids abundant, lainbeosaurines extremely rare or absent）. This probably reflects some kind of geographical barrier between both areas by Maastrichtian time rather than strong differences in palaeoecological conditions.

Geochemical Characteristics of REE in Jurassic Coal of Yan'an Formation from Dongsheng Coalfield

Concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) in Jurassic coal of YanAn Formation from Dongsheng coalfield located in the northeast of Ordos basin were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Curves of distribution pattern of REE were drawn, and many geochemical parameters were calculated. The result shows that 1) The contents of REE in Jurassic coal with low ash and sulfur are lower than those of Carboniferous and Permian coal from the Basin of North China; 2) Inside the Dongsheng coalfield, coal from the north has higher contents of REE than that form the south because the north is near the area of source rock which is the main supplier of REE, while the south is far away from the area of source rocks; 3) Although Jurassic coal in Dongsheng is the low ash coal with less than 10%, the contents of REE are still proportional to ash yield of ash and SiO 2 contents. 4) Although the Jurassic coal in Dongsheng were deposited in oxidative continental environment of river lake, Eu depletion of REE in coal commonly exists, and positive abnormity of Ce dose not exist. This reflects the REE distribution pattern of REE in source rock of continental area; and 5) Compared with other rocks, coal shows extremely complexity of distribution pattern of REE, which is the result of continuous alteration and redistribution of matter in coal occurred in open basin system.

Vertical variation of trace elements and its relation to the water-bearing capacity of Ordovician strata,in Datun coal field

We tested for fourteen trace elements in samples collected from the Ordovician strata in Datun coal field. The vertical concentration variation of these trace dements is reported. The relationship of the variation to the water-bearing capacity of the Ordovician strata is discussed. The minimum concentration of eleven （of 14 total） trace elements appears in the lower Majiagou formation. The maximum concentrations mainly appear in the Badou and Jiawang formations： eight maxima are located in Badou and four more are in Jiawang. The study of karst development and the water-bearing capacity of Ordovician strata shows that karst is well developed in the Majiagou formation and there is a consequent high water-bearing capacity in this formation： Badou and Jiawang formations are contrary to this situation. The results illustrate that the minimum concentrations of most trace elements within certain Ordovician formations can be taken as strong evidence for the existence of a well developed karst and a high water-bearing capacity.

读《资治通鉴疑年录 》

读《资治通鉴疑年录》王子今《资治通鉴》是我国编年史中时代跨度最大的一部巨著，久已被公认为不朽之作。《资治通鉴》问世之后，历代学者或注、或补、或续、或校，世代相继，形成了一门“通鉴学”。近一千年来，研究者除了肯定、赞扬、学习、继承《资治通鉴》这部书的优...

The main old lands in China and assembly of Chinese unified continent

The main old lands in China include the North China Block(NCB),South China Block(SCB)and Tarim Block(TRB),all of which have individual tectonic evolving histories.The NCB experienced complex geological evolution since the early Precambrian onwards,and carries important records from the old continental nuclei,giant crustal growth episode and cratonization(stabilitization),then to the Paleoproterozoic rifting-subduction-accretion-collision with imprints of the Great Oxygen Event(GOE),and to the Late Paleoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic multi-stage rifting representing North China platform tectonic features.The TRB has two-layer basement of the Early Precambrian metamorphic complexes and Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences.Three till sheets have been reported.The SCB consists of the Yangtze Block(YZB)and Cathaysia Block(CTB)that were cohered in the Neoproterozoic.The YZB recorded tectonic processes of the Early Precambrian crustal growth,1.0–0.9 Ga and 0.8–0.6 Ga metamorphic-magmatic events,and two Neoproterozoic glaciations.The CTB consists of ca.1.8Ga,1.0 to 0.9 Ga and ca.0.8 Ga granitic gneisses and metamorphic rocks,indicating there was a vast Precambrian basement.The Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks overlie partly on the basement.That the YZB and CTB have a Neoproterozoic uniform cover layer illustrates the SCB should form,at least,during 1.0–0.9 Ga,corresponding to the Rodinia Supercontinent.The Central Chinese Orogenic System with high-ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks supports a suggestion that the abovementioned three old lands were collided to assemble a unified Chinese Continent during the Pangea orogenic period.

Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of Cretaceous phonotephrite from the Mid-Pacific Mountains

Systematic analyses were conducted including the petrographic features, major and trace elements, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, and mineral structure and compositions of whole rocks. Mid-Pacific Mountain volcanic rocks are mainly phonotephrite with a porphyritic texture. Phenocrysts are mainly composed of Ca-rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene and nepheline.These volcanic rocks are significantly rich in large-ion lithophile and light rare earth elements, without obvious Eu anomalies(δEu=0.99–1.03), and with relatively enriched^(87) Sr/^(86) Sr(0.703829–0.704313) and^(143) Nd/^(144) Nd isotopic ratios(0.512857–0.512871), suggesting that they have similar but more enriched features than the OIB magmatic source. These volcanic rocks may originate from relatively deep magma source with the existence of spinel-garnet Iherzolites, and have undergone partial melting at a low degree of 1–3%. In addition, The residual Nb-Ta minerals(such as sphene, rutile, perovskite) may remain in the mantle source, and the magma components have undergone metasomatism by carbonate melt/fluid or alkali-rich fluid, causing high contents of incompatible elements and significant loss of Nb, Ta and Ti in these volcanic rocks. There are many similarities between the phonotephrites in the Mid-Pacific Mountain and the volcanic rocks in the Line Islands based on the tectonic settings and the geochemical characteristics. We thus speculate that Site 313 volcanic rocks in the Mid-Pacific Mountain is most likely to be a continuation of the Line Islands.

Precambrian mafic dyke swarms in the North China Craton and their geological implications

A map of major Precambrian mafic dyke swarms and related units in the North China Craton is compiled, and the features and geological implications of these swarms are demonstrated. The Archean dyke swarms are available to portray the early crustal growth and cratonization. The middle Paleoproterozoic(2200–1850 Ma) swarms and related magmatic series could constrain the tectonic evolution: They approve that the craton was amalgamated by two sub-cratons. The late Paleoproterozoic(1800–1600 Ma), Mesoproterozoic(1400–1200 Ma) and Neoproterozoic(1000–800 Ma) series swarms are important in paleogeographic reconstruction: they indicate that North China might have connected with some of the North European and North American cratons during Proterozoic. Dyke swarms are not only geological timescales and tectonic markers but also evolution indicators of lithospheric mantle: they imply a rejuvenation of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle of North China at 1780–1730 Ma. These swarms occurred with several rifts, including the Hengling(2200–1970 Ma), Xuwujia(1970–1880 Ma), Xiong'er(1800–1600 Ma), Yan-Liao(1730–1200 Ma), and Xu-Huai(1000–800 Ma). Among them, the Xuwujia rift was possibly continental arc associated; whereas the others were intra-continental. In addition, the Xiong'er and Xu-Huai rifts were possibly triple junctions along the present southern and southeastern margins of the Craton, respectively. Different tectonic settings of these rifts and dyke swarms would result in diversified series of ore deposits.