从《元音》看兰波诗歌创作的接受与影响

法国诗人兰波的诗歌对后世的影响巨大。兰波不但继承了从波德莱尔开始的象征主义审美观,而且在诗歌创作过程中不断探索,不断创新,使象征主义的审美理论向深度和广度拓展。在《元音》中,兰波利用感觉上的错乱让声音与色彩互相转换,让气味与形状互相交错;通过听觉与视觉、嗅觉与触觉的反复重叠,反复转化,用那些鲜活的语言和形象建造起了兰波诗歌世界的立体空间。兰波的作品对象征主义诗人也产生了很大的影响。这种影响曾飞跃国界,波及中国。

兰波十四行诗《元音》的创作及其批评

对兰波十四行诗《元音》的主观意识、与法国诗歌的关系及相关批评进行探讨。《元音》是关于象征主义的哲学诗,它聚合多个类别的意象和幻想,并达到主观的沟通。认为在宗教道德的关照下,《元音》一诗强烈地表现了兰波被喧嚣的战争和激动的青春所扰乱的主观意识。指出在波德莱尔之后,兰波重新阐释了美学上的联觉。

天才的想象力和绝对的现代性——试论兰波诗歌《元音》的艺术特色

19世纪法国象征主义诗人兰波创作于17岁时的《元音》是西方诗歌史上的一首奇作。这首诗采用了欧洲传统韵律诗十四行诗的形式和规范,但是它却在短短的十四行诗句中完成了对传统诗歌创作理念的全面颠覆,表现的是最为新奇、最为反叛的现代诗歌的特质。这首诗以丰富多彩的想象、大胆开放的革新精神成为了西方现代主义诗歌的滥觞之作。

《五方元音》六韵三母下两套小韵对立新论

《五方元音》在六韵三母下对立原因从来源上分析有中古声母、韵母的差异,从近代语音方面来看,都是继承和发展《中原音韵》等表现北方官话音系性质韵书的语音特征的;从语音区别特征方面看有的是体现韵母是否有[i]音,有的是表现韵母[i]与[]的对立。

樊腾凤原本《五方元音》音节统计与分析

《五方元音》一书在汉语语音史上有重要价值,本文系首次对原本《五方元音》的音节数和所收字数做了详尽的统计与初步探讨。以韵图为纲,对照韵书,逐一统计韵书各小韵的收字情况,并进行勘定,在韵图的各小韵首字下标出该小韵的下收音节的数目,整理出一个精细、严密的韵图版本,供音韵研究者参考。

元宇宙综艺虚实交互的创新策略与审美表达

随着新型技术的成熟,智媒时代来临,数字技术深入赋能也影响着综艺产业的发展。由爱奇艺打造的元宇宙综艺《元音大冒险》极具创新精神与前锋意识,以元宇宙为核心概念,着重在技术和叙事层面进行创新表达。节目通过打造沉浸交互的虚拟空间,运用故事化叙事,建立人与虚拟生命的情感链接,极大拓宽了综艺的边界。《元音大冒险》成功实现跨圈层传播的创新,在数字技术赋能下呈现出三次元与二次元碰撞结合的审美表达,为元宇宙综艺的未来发展提供了可行之策和反思方向。

《四库全书总目》补正十则

本文继余嘉锡等诸家论著之后,对《四库全书总目》续做补正十则。

《回回药方》阿汉对音与元代汉语北方话“影、云、以”三母的读音

利用《回回药方》的阿汉对音材料,构勒了元代汉语北方话影、云、以三母的语音情况,讨论了它的演变机制。

Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy:A meta-analysis

AIM:To integrate results from different studies in examining the effectiveness of music in reducing the procedure time and the amount of sedation used during colonoscopic procedure. METHODS: An electronic search in various databases was performed to identify related articles. Study quality was evaluated by the Jadad’s scale. The random effect model was used to pool the effect from individual trials and the Cohen Q-statistic was used to determine heterogeneity. Egger’s regression was used to detect publication bias. RESULTS: Eight studies with 722 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The combined mean difference for the time taken for the colonoscopy procedure between the music and control groups was -2.84 with 95% CI (-5.61 to -0.08), implying a short time for the music group. The combined mean difference for the use of sedation was -0.46 with 95%CI (-0.91 to -0.01), showing a significant reduction in the use of sedation in the music group. Heterogeneity was observed in both analyses but no publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Listening to music is effective in reducing procedure time and amount of sedation during colonoscopy and should be promoted.

马礼逊《五车韵府》的成书过程考证

罗伯特·马礼逊的《华英字典》是历史上第一本汉英字典,《五车韵府》是其中的第二部。据马礼逊称,《五车韵府》是根据中国明末学者陈荩谟的《元音统韵》一书中的部分内容改编而来,但是实际上,马礼逊在编译的过程中加入了大量当时汉语口语的语音、词汇、语法等内容,是他对于原有《五车韵府》的重新创作,对研究当时汉语的口语面貌具有重要的意义。

Filter algorithm based on cochlear mechanics and neuron filter mechanism and application on enhancement of audio signals

A filter algorithm based on cochlear mechanics and neuron filter mechanism is proposed from the view point of vibration.It helps to solve the problem that the non-linear amplification is rarely considered in studying the auditory filters.A cochlear mechanical transduction model is built to illustrate the audio signals processing procedure in cochlea,and then the neuron filter mechanism is modeled to indirectly obtain the outputs with the cochlear properties of frequency tuning and non-linear amplification.The mathematic description of the proposed algorithm is derived by the two models.The parameter space,the parameter selection rules and the error correction of the proposed algorithm are discussed.The unit impulse responses in the time domain and the frequency domain are simulated and compared to probe into the characteristics of the proposed algorithm.Then a 24-channel filter bank is built based on the proposed algorithm and applied to the enhancements of the audio signals.The experiments and comparisons verify that,the proposed algorithm can effectively divide the audio signals into different frequencies,significantly enhance the high frequency parts,and provide positive impacts on the performance of speech enhancement in different noise environments,especially for the babble noise and the volvo noise.

Structural-acoustic optimization of stiffened panels based on a genetic algorithm

For the structural-acoustic radiation optimization problem under external loading,acoustic radiation power was considered to be an objective function in the optimization method. The finite element method(FEM) and boundary element method(BEM) were adopted in numerical calculations,and structural response and the acoustic response were assumed to be de-coupled in the analysis. A genetic algorithm was used as the strategy in optimization. In order to build the relational expression of the pressure objective function and the power objective function,the enveloping surface model was used to evaluate pressure in the acoustic domain. By taking the stiffened panel structural-acoustic optimization problem as an example,the acoustic power and field pressure after optimized was compared. Optimization results prove that this method is reasonable and effective.

Bill Morphology Does Not Influence Vocal Performance in Darwin’s Small Tree Finch on Floreana Island

Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morphology. Darwin＇s finches are a model system for studying the relationship between morphology and song performance, with previous studies suggesting that lower vocal performance is correlated with larger bill size. Here, we tested for a relationship between bill morphology and vocal performance in Darwin＇s Small Tree Finch （Camarhynchus parvulus） on Floreana Island. We found no evidence of a correlation between bill morphology and vocal performance. This finding is in agreement with prior study of the Small Tree Finch, but contrasts a greater body of work addressing song in Darwin＇s Finches. We discussed our findings in the context of ecological divergence, and ecological variation across species.

A new formant feature and its application in Mandarin vowel pronunciation quality assessment

In order to improve the Mandarin vowel pronunciation quality assessment, a nox/el formant feature was proposed and applied to formant classification for Chinese Mandarin vowel pronunciation quality evaluation. Formant candidates of each frame were plotted on the time-frequency plane to form a bitmap, and its Gabor feature was extracted to represent the formant trajectory. The feature was then classified by using GMM model and the classification posterior probability was mapped to pronunciation quality grade. The experiments of comparing the Gabor transformation based formant trajectory feature with several other kinds of traditionally used features show that with this method, a human-machine scoring correlation coefficient （CC） of 0.842 can be achieved, which is better than the result of 0.832 by traditional speech recognition techniques. At the same time, considering that the long-term information of formant classification and the short-term information of speech recognition technique are complementary to each other, it is investigated to combine their results with linear or nonlinear methods to further improve the evaluation performance. As a result, experiments on PSK show that the best CC of 0.913, which is very close to the correlation of inter-human rating of 0.94, is gotten by using neural network.

Virtual design and performance prediction of a silencing air cleaner used in an I.C.engine intake system

This paper reports results of the authors’ studies on the virtual design method used in the development of low noise intake system of I.C. engine. The resulting high pass-by noise at level above the legislative target at full throttle when engine speed was around 5200 r/min necessitated a BEM-aided redesign task, following the typical process of design and development of an intake system. During the initial design, based on the acoustic theory and the requirements (1. The air flux of the redesigned should equal to or exceed the value of the original flux; 2. The filtering area must not be degraded), and considering the constraint of space in the engine compartment, total volume and rough internal dimensions were determined. During the detailed design, the exact internal dimensions of the air cleaner were determined, and an effective method was applied to improve the acoustic performance at low frequency. The predicted sound power of the intake system indicated that the objective of reducing the overall engine noise by minimizing intake system noise was achieved.

Differences of Vowel Pronunciation in China English and American English： A Case Study of [i] and [I]

This paper investigates the differences between vowels [i] and [ I] pronounced by Chinese English speakers and American English speakers. Seven people consisting of two natives and five Chinese have read a list of sentences and their voices were recorded. A software program is used to analyze their voices. In spectrograms generated by Praat, the connection between formant values and articulation features is used to investigate how native speakers pronounce these two vowels and what the differences are between native speakers and Chinese speakers. Through this investigation, it is discovered that Chinese speakers have lower tongue position in [i] and their tongues are more forward in [I], thus making it hard to differentiate these two vowels. Moreover, the length of [i] is much shorter than those in American pronunciation, suggesting that Chinese speakers differentiate [i] and [I] largely by length. However, the comparison of Chinese speakers and native speakers proved otherwise.

The Emotional Approach of Foreign Vowel Acquisition Within the Example of British English Vowels

The aim of the article is to present results of research that was performed with 97 Polish students of the second and third year of English Philology. The purpose of the research is to examine how conscious manipulation of facial expressions aids acquisition of foreign vowels by learners, regardless of their native language and the culture they have been brought up in. Taking advantage of achievements derived from such disciplines as psychology of emotions and phonetics depicted as a physical process, an attempt is made to find a tool that improves teaching/learning of foreign vowels, that is to say, an effort is put in search of a useful method to make the phonetic process faster and more accurate. Teachers of English are encouraged to put the method, which is described in detail in the paper, into practice with their own mother languages and to share opinions about the method with colleagues. Similarly, it is believed that it can be applied to courses of other languages than just English. Teachers of those languages are encouraged to try to use it, too.

Numerical Investigation of Transmission of Low Frequency Sound Through a Smooth Air-water Interface

It is the traditional belief that sound transmission from water to the air is very weak due to a large contrast between air and water impedances. Recently, the enhanced sound transmission and anomalous transparency of air-water interface have been introduced. Anomalous transparency of air-water interface states that the sound generated by a submerged shallow depth monopole point source localized at depths less than 1/10 sound wavelength, can be transmitted into the air with omni-directional pattern. The generated sound has 35 times higher power compared to the classical ray theory prediction. In this paper, sound transmission through air-water interface for a localized underwater shallow depth source is examined. To accomplish this, two-phase coupled Helmholtz wave equations in two-phase media of air-water are solved by the commercial finite element based COMSOL Multiphysics software. Ratios of pressure amplitudes of different sound sources in two different underwater and air coordinates are computed and analyzed against non-dimensional ratio of the source depth （D） to the sound wavelength （λ）. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is displayed.

Impacts of Public Support and Voices Pluralism in Macao Newspapers

The economic and financial sustainability of regional press companies is extremely relevant for the dynamism of this important sector in promoting pluralism of ideas and decentralization of information. In this context, the work presented here intends, on one hand, to analyze the importance of the press support system in Macao for its economic and financial sustainability and, on the other hand, to try to understand how they contribute to promoting information pluralism with Portuguese speaking community in a Chinese territory--with special regime. With this purpose, three methodologies were implemented, namely： （1） review of literature and documentary research--reports, articles in the press, scientific articles and academic books related to the topic; （2） analysis of contents of interviews of privileged informants-directors and editors of newspapers addressed to the Portuguese community in the Macao region; and （3） analysis of the impact of support from the Macao Regional Government based on the principles of the Office of Fair Trading （OFT） model.

Research on the Novel Pattern of Soft Music Creation based on High-Pitched Melody Element and Aesthetic Point of View

In this paper, we conduct research on the novel pattern of soft music creation based on high-pitched melody element and aesthetic point of view. Music is the music creation, music is a kind of creation and it is not a simple thing, because music is an expression of human thoughts and feelings which reflect the social life of an art. Music creation and other artistic creation need perceptual and rational psychological elements such as the creation principle of participation. This involves the music creation that the relationship between the perceptual thinking and rational thinking. Our research proposed the novel paradigm of art creation which will obtain significant meaning.