《光学》实验仿真及可视化教学研究——以“牛顿环干涉”为例

运用Matlab软件构建了可独立运行、囊括多个经典光学实验的仿真平台.本文以"牛顿环干涉"为例,系统介绍了仿真功能,并探索《光学》实验的可视化教学模式.构建的《光学》仿真平台其物理现象突出、操作性强,可极大提高学习兴趣及教学质量.

Photolithography by a tunable electro-optical lithium niobate phase array

Photolithography experiments are performed by means of an optical phase mask with electrooptically tunable phase step. The phase mask consists of a 2-dimensional hexagonal lattice of inverted ferroelectric domains fabricated on a z-cut/ithium niobate substrate. The electro-optically tunable phase step, between inverted domain, is obtained by the application of an external electric field along the z axis of the crystal via transparent electrodes. The collimated beam of an argon laser passes through the phase mask and the near field intensity patterns, at different planes of the Talbot length and for different values of the applied voltage, are used for photolithographic experiments. Preliminary results are shown and further applications are discussed.

Experimental investigation of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with five photonic band-gaps

The hollow-core photonic crystal fibers （HC-PCFs） with integrity structure have been fabricated with an improved twice stack-and-draw technique. The transmission spectrum shows that five photonic band-gaps within 450-1100 nm have been obtained.And the green fight transmission in the HC-PCFs has been observed remarkably.

Distribution and occurrence of trace elements in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine

Optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry （SEM-EDX）, have been used to study the minerals and the concentrations of 12 trace elements in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine, Inner Mongolia China. The distribution, affinity and removability of the trace elements were studied by float-sink experiments and petrological methods. A high mineral content, dominated by clay minerals, was found in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine. The concentrations of As, Sb and Hg are relatively high compared to the average values for Chinese coals. As, Cr, Hg, Li, Mn, Pb are mainly associated with the minerals while Cd, Co, Ni, Sb, and Se are evenly distributed between the minerals and the organic matter. Be and Ba are mainly distributed in the minerals with a minor proportion in the organic matter. Most elements have a low organic affinity, although Sb, Se, Co, Cd, Ni are closely integrated with the organic matter. High theoretical removabilities are indicated for most trace elements. So it may be possible to lower the concentrations of trace elements during coal preparation.

STUDY ON THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF Pb(Ⅱ) ON NANOMETER ATTAPULGITE BY FAAS

The adsorptive behavior of nanometer attapulgite modified by acid to Pb（Ⅱ） was investigated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS） in this paper. The mainly effect parameters ott the adsorptive efficiency of Pb（Ⅱ）, such as the acidity of the solution, the amount of attapulgite, oscillation time and static time were studied. Also the influencing factors of the recovery efficiency of Pb（Ⅱ）, including the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the volume of hydrochloric acid, oscillation time and static time were investigated. The adsorptive capacity of Pb（Ⅱ） on nanometer attapulgite was 26.5mg/g and the adsorptive capacity of first cycle and second cycle regenerated nanometer attapulgite were 26.5mg/g and 26.3mg/g, respectively. The results obtained indicated that the regenerated effect was good.

Study on rock deformation monitoring using fiber Bragg grating in simulation experiment

Presented the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors for rock strain monitoring in the 1.2 m long plane stress model of the simulation experiment. In the past, for the lack of appropriate technique to measure the deformation of rock structures, the measurement of deflection was restricted to just a few discrete points along rock, and the measuring points were limited to the location installed with displacement transducers. We developed a method to monitor the deformation of rock structures using fiber optical Bragg grating strain sensors. The sensors were embedded in rock layers of simulation experiment before the materials were put in. These sensors were then used to monitor the experienced strain with different face advancing distance. The test results indicate that, if properly installed, FBG sensors can survive under severe conditions associated with embedment process and yield accurate measurements of strains response. At the same time, we make comparisons of the data obtained by FBG sensors with those by centesimal gauge. The interest in FBG sensors was motivated by the potential advantages that they can offer more than existing sensing technologies.

Construction of the Coherent-Mode Representation of an Optical Planar Source from the Results of Young＇s Experiment

A new definition of the alternative coherent-mode representation of a random planar source with the a priori unknown statistical properties is proposed. This definition is based on the measurements of the source cross-spectral density followed by the optimal approximation of the obtained results in the chosen basis of modal functions. The proposed definition is illustrated by the results of numerical simulation.

Experimental study and kinetic analysis of oxidant-free thermal-assisted UV digestion utilizing supported nano-TiO_2 photocatalyst for detection of total phosphorous

A novel thermal-assisted ultra-violet(UV) photocatalysis digestion method for the determination of total phosphorus(TP) in water samples was introduced in this work. The photocatalytic experiments for TP digestion were conducted using a 365 nm wavelength UV light and Ti O2 particles as the photocatalyst. Sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium glycerophosphate were used as the typical components of TP and the digested samples were then determined by spectrophotometry after phosphomolybdenum blue reaction. The effects of operational parameters such as reaction time and temperature were studied for the digestion of TP and the kinetic analysis of two typical components was performed in this paper. The pseudo-first-order rate constants k of two phosphorus compounds at different temperatures were obtained and the Arrhenius equation was employed to explain the effect of temperature on rate constant k. Compared with the conventional thermal digestion method for TP detection, it was found that the temperature was decreased from 120 °C to 60 °C with same conversion rate and time in this thermal-assisted UV digestion method, which enabled the digestion process work at normal pressure. Compared with the individual ultra-violet(UV) photocatalysis process, the digestion time was also decreased from several hours to half an hour using the thermal-assisted UV digestion method. This method will not lead to secondary pollution since no oxidant was needed in the thermal-assisted UV photocatalysis digestion process, which made it more compatible with electrochemical detection of TP.

Linear Optical Scheme for Implementing Optimal Real State Cloning

We propose an experimental scheme for implementing the optimal 1 → 3 real state cloning via linear optical elements. This method relies on one polarized qubit and two location qubits and is feasible with current experimental technology.

Allowable Generalized Quantum Gates Using Nonlinear Quantum Optics

In this paper, we give an efficient physical realization of a double-slit duality quantum gate. Weak cross- Kerr nonlinearity is exploited here. The probability of success can reach 1/2. Asymmetrical slit duality control gate also can be constructed conveniently. The special quantum control gate could be realized easily in optical system by our current experimental technology.

Vapor Sensing Theoretical Study on Optical Microcavities

When the organic vapors absorbed to the surface of porous silicon(PS), capillary condensation takes place due to the porous structure of the PS layer, accordingly resulting in the effective refractive index changing. For PS multi-layer microcavities, the different resonant peaks shift in the reflectivity spectrum of porous silicon microcavities(PSMs). The optical sensing model is set up by applying Bruggeman effective medium approximation theory, capillary condensation process and transfer matrix theoretically analytical method of one-dimensional photonic crystals. At the same time, comprehensively researched on are the sensing characteristics of PSMs which are exposed to give concentration organic vapors. At last, made is the theoretical simulation for sensing model of the PSMs in case of saturation by using computer numerical calculation, and found is the linearity relation between the refractive index of organic solvent and the peak-shift. At the same time deduced is the peak-shift as a function of the concentration of ethanol vapors.

Scratching and Turning Experiments on Machinability of Optical Glass SF6 in Diamond Cutting Process

To improve the machinability of optical glass and achieve optical parts with satisfied surface quality and dimensional accuracy, scratching experiments with increasing cutting depth were conducted on glass SF6 to evaluate the influence of cutting fluid properties on the machinability of glass. The sodium carbonate solution of 10.5% concentration was chosen as cutting fluid. Then the critical depths in scratching experiments with and without cutting fluid were examined. Based on this, turning experiments were carried out, and the surface quality of SF6 was assessed. Compared with the process of dry cutting, the main indexes of surface roughness decrease by over 70% totally. Experimental results indicated that the machinability of glass SF6 can be improved by using the sodium carbonate solution as cutting fluid.

Preliminary study on theory and experiment of photo-mechanics manufacturing and detecting technologies based on laser thermal stress

Mechanics effect of laser thermal stress is a new manufacturing technology, which uses thermal stress by high power laser acted on the surface of metal material to produce stress field. The technologies such as sheet metal formation by laser thermal stress, measurement by laser scratching and measurement by XRD (X-ray diffraction) are formed based on mechanics effects of laser thermal stress. The mechanisms of sheet metal formation by laser thermal stress, measurement by laser scratching and measurement by XRD are analyzed, and the theory of photo-mechanics manufacturing and detecting technologies based on laser thermal stress is originally put forward, whose experiment is primitively researched, and the manufacturing theory by mechanics effects of laser thermal stress is established.

Realization of Bipartite Positive-Operator-Value Measurements of Two-Photon Polarization States

In this letter, we propose a scheme of a special quantum optical Fredkin gate assisted by optical manip- ulations and postselection from the coincidence measurements, and then modify it with cross-Kerr nonlinearities to be suitable for the realization of all possible positive operator-valued measurements of bipartite polarization states. This scheme is feasible in the lab with the current experimental technology.

Design of a new bionic diamond bit and its experimental study

Bionics was applied in the design of the impregnated diamond bit. Based on previous resehrch and the 63# bit matrix formula, a new non-smooth bionic impregnated diamond bit with a single circular ring was designed and manufactured, and also tested indoor. The results were satisfactory. During its shape contacted surface system, non-smooth shape display some structure merits such as decreasing resistance. It was obvious that the drilling efficiency of the bionics bit is much higher than that of ordinary＇s one, and so does the working life of bionic bit.

Synthesis of rod-like metal-organic framework(MOF-5)nanomaterial for efficient removal of U(Ⅵ):batch experiments and spectroscopy study

With the widespread application of radionuclide ^235U（VI）, it is inevitable that part of U（VI） is released into the natural environment. The potential toxicity and irreversibility impact on the natural environment has become one of the most forefront pollution problems in nuclear energy utilization. In this work, rod-like metal-organic framework （MOF-5） nanomaterial was synthesized by a solvothermal method and applied to efficiently adsorb U（VI） from aqueous solutions. The batch experimental results showed that the sorp- tion of U（Vl） on MOF-5 was strongly dependent on pH and independent of ionic strength, indicating that the dominant interaction mechanism was inner-sphere surface complexation and electrostatic interac- tion. The maximum sorption capacity of U（Vl） on MOF-5 was 237.0 mg]g at pH 5.0 and T = 298 K, and the sorption equilibrium reached within 5 rain. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the removal of U（VI） on MOF-5 was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Additionally, the FT-IR and XPS analyses implied that the high sorption capacity of U（Vl） on MOF-5 was mainly attributed to the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups （i.e., C-O and C=O）. Such a facile preparation method and efficient removal performance highlighted the application of MOF-5 as a candidate for rapid and efficient radionuclide contamination＇s elimination in practical applications.

Lab-on-Fiber Technology： a New Avenue for Optical Nanosensors

The ＂lab-on-fiber＂ concept envisions novel and highly functionalized technological platforms completely integrated in a single optical fiber that would allow the development of advanced devices, components and sub-systems to be incorporated in modem optical systems for communication and sensing applications. The realization of integrated optical fiber devices requires that several structures and materials at nano- and micro-scale are constructed, embedded and connected all together to provide the necessary physical connections and light-matter interactions. This paper reviews the strategies, the main achievements and related devices in the lab-on-fiber roadmap discussing perspectives and challenges that lie ahead.

Investigation of the Compressible Flow through the Tip-Section Turbine Blade Cascade with Supersonic Inlet

The contribution deals with the experimental and numerical investigation of compressible flow through the tip-section turbine blade cascade with the blade 54″ long. Experimental investigations by means of optical(interferometry and schlieren method) and pneumatic measurements provide more information about the behaviour and nature of basic phenomena occurring in the profile cascade flow field. The numerical simulation was carried out by means of the EARSM turbulence model according to Hellsten [5] completed by the bypass transition model with the algebraic equation for the intermittency coefficient proposed by Straka and P?íhoda [6] and implemented into the in-house numerical code. The investigation was focused particularly on the effect of shock waves on the shear layer development including the laminar/turbulent transition. Interactions of shock waves with shear layers on both sides of the blade result usually in the transition in attached and/ or separated flow and so to the considerable impact to the flow structure and energy losses in the blade cascade.

Experimental validation of dynamic polarization compensation in ground-satellite quantum key distribution

Ground-satellite quantum key distribution(QKD)is a feasible way to implement global-scale quantum communication.Herein we propose an approach to dynamically compensate the polarization of the photons when passing through the optical telescope used in ground-satellite QKD.Our results experimentally demonstrate that the fidelity of any polarization state after dynamic compensation can be achieved by more than 99.5%,which fulfills the requirements of ground-satellite QKD.

Experimental study of balanced optical homodyne and heterodyne detection by controlling sideband modulation

We experimentally study optical homodyne and heterodyne detections with the same setup, which is flexible to manipulate the signal sideband modulation. When the modulation only generates a single signal sideband, the light field measurement by mixing the single sideband at ω0 ±? with a strong local oscillator at the carrier frequency ω0on a beam splitter becomes balanced heterodyne detection. When two signal sidebands at ω0 ±? are generated and the relative phase of the two sidebands is locked, this measurement corresponds to optical balanced homodyne detection. With this setup, we may confirm directly that the signal-to-noise ratio with heterodyne detection is two-fold worse than that with homodyne detection. This work will have important applications in quantum state measurement and quantum information.