入选

小时候，听妈妈讲故事，说天上有多少颗星，地上就有多少个人。长大了，看到地上不仅有黑头发、黑眼睛，还有黄头发、蓝眼睛，觉得人比星多。

Study on the Integration of T-DNA into Lilium longiflorum

[ Objective] The aim of this study is to obtain transgenic Lilium longiflorum Thumb. [ Method] A two-step method of explant and the T-DNA integration technique were employed to transform Lilium longiflorum via Agrobacterium mediated method. [ Result] The best infection effect appeared under the OD600 value of Agrobacterium within 0.6 -0.8, the addition of 250 mg/L AS could increase the transformation efficiency. The optimal concentration of G418 for screening is 50 mg/L. Some putative transgenic plants of Lilium longiflorum with resistance to G418 showed positive in PCR, preliminarily proving that T-DNA gene had integrated into the genome of lily. [ Conclusion] The study may lay a foundation for breeding excellent lily varieties through TDNA integration technique.

监禁与疯癫——解读伯尼斯·鲁本思作品中的替罪羊形象

本文解析了当代英国犹太女作家伯尼斯·鲁本思的两部代表性小说中的替罪羊形象,指出正是这种替罪羊身份决定了主人公悲剧性的人生。《入选者》中的男主人公是犹太教祭祀意义上的替罪羊,为家庭的失败而受难;《五年刑期》中的女主人公是社会意义上的替罪羊,在替罪羊机制下成为机构性权力体制的牺牲品。两种替罪羊的产生机制和功能效用有所不同,前者处于宗教传统和家庭权威的双重支配之下,在受难的同时又暗含着救赎的希望,后者在替罪羊机制和机构性权力体制的合力夹击下,在受过中必然走向毁灭以维系团体的平衡。然而从另一方面来看,替罪羊身份带给个体的生存境况却是相似的,他们在受难中崩溃,在监禁下疯癫。本文旨在阐述替罪羊身份给个体造成的监禁与疯癫的生存困境,并由此解码作家的“人类生存”关怀。

多模态影像融合在颅底肿瘤的诊断、治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨多模态影像融合在颅底肿瘤的诊断、治疗中的应用价值。方法 9例颅底肿瘤术前均行DynaCTA检查及MRI薄层(2 mm)增强扫描检查,将多组影像数据输入工作站,采用"双容积重建"技术进行脑血管及MRI的影像融合,通过静态及动态融合影像观察肿瘤与脑结构、血管及颅骨的毗邻关系,并对肿瘤的诊断、手术治疗及预防血管并发症进行分析。结果 9例均获得满意的影像融合、具有很好的空间一致性,在一张影像上可以清晰显示病变及其周围脑结构、血管及颅骨解剖关系,提高精准性诊断,并应用于指导治疗策略、设计手术划及预防并发症。9例均恢复满意出院。结论多模态影像融合对提高颅底肿瘤的诊断精准性、提高肿瘤全切除率、降低病死率和残疾率效果肯定,对血管损伤并发症治疗疗效肯定。

Process intensification of fine coal separation using two-stage flotation column

Flotation column is widely used as the separation equipment for fine mineral due to its high selectivity. However, this device may be unsuitable for the coarse particle flotation and has high handling ability. A two-stage flotation column with dimensions of 2 000 mm×1 000 mm×4 000 mm was designed to enhance the column flotation process. The energy input was modified by adjusting the flow rate and the head of circulating pump. The flotation column was designed with low energy input in the first stage(speed flotation stage) to recover easy-to-float materials quickly, and high energy input in the second stage(recovery stage) to recover difficult-to-float minerals compulsorily. Contrast experiments on the throughput and coarse coal recovery of high ash coal from the Kailuan Mine were conducted using conventional single-stage flotation column and the two-stage flotation column. The results show that the combustible matter recovery of the two-stage flotation column is 5.25% higher than that of the conventional single-stage flotation column. However, the ash contents of clean coal for both columns are similar. Less coarse coals with low ash are obtained using the two-stage flotation column than that using the single-stage column flotation with the same handling ability. The two-stage flotation column process can enhance coal flotation compared with the conventional single-stage column flotation.

Long-term follow-up of right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing

Objective Right ventricular outflow tract septum has become widely used us an electrode placement site. However, data concerning lead performances and complications for lead repositioning with this technique were scant. The purpose of this study was to observe long- term lead performances and complications of right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing and provide evidences for choosing an optimal electrode implantation site. Methods Thirty-six patients with septal active electrode implantation and 39 with apical passive electrode implantation were enrolled in this study. Pacing threshold, R-wave sensing, lead impedance, pacing QRS width and pacing-related compli- cations for two groups at implantation and follow-up were compared. Results There were higher pacing threshold and shorter pacing QRS width at implantation in the septal group compared with the apical group. There were no differences between the septal and the apical groups in pacing threshold, R-wave sensitivity, lead impedance and pace-related complication during a follow-up. Conclusions Right ventricular outflow tract septum could be used as a first choice for implantation site because it had long-term stable lead performances and no serious complications compared with the traditional apical site.

Adaptive controller design based on input-output signal selection for voltage source converter high voltage direct current systems to improve power system stability

An input-output signal selection based on Phillips-Heffron model of a parallel high voltage alternative current/high voltage direct current(HVAC/HVDC) power system is presented to study power system stability. It is well known that appropriate coupling of inputs-outputs signals in the multivariable HVDC-HVAC system can improve the performance of designed supplemetary controller. In this work, different analysis techniques are used to measure controllability and observability of electromechanical oscillation mode. Also inputs–outputs interactions are considered and suggestions are drawn to select the best signal pair through the system inputs-outputs. In addition, a supplementary online adaptive controller for nonlinear HVDC to damp low frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is proposed. The results obtained using MATLAB software show that the best output-input for damping controller design is rotor speed deviation as out put and phase angle of rectifier as in put. Also response of system equipped with adaptive damping controller based on HVDC system has appropriate performance when it is faced with faults and disturbance.

Tobacco Production Baseline Survey in Serengeti, Tarime and Rorya Districts, Mara Region

Using 2009/2010 cropping season survey data from 181 randomly selected smallholder tobacco farmers, this study provides baseline information on tobacco farming in Mara region. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. Result indicates that farmers adopted tobacco farming from tobacco farmers in Kenya. Drought and inadequate supply of inputs were identified as the major production constraints. Others were incidence of pests and diseases, shortage of fire woods, poor extension services and hailstones. Low selling price and contradicting grading systems were the major tobacco marketing constraints. The study also revealed that access to extension services was similar across study districts with over 65.7% of the respondents accessing technical expertise mainly from Alliance One Tanzania employees. Given the positive and negative impacts of tobacco farming, majority of the respondents （95.6%） still were willing to proceed with tobacco farming as their main source of income. However, watermelon, maize and sunflower were ranked as first priority alternative cash crops to tobacco in Serengeti, Tarime and Rorya districts, respectively. This study concludes that tobacco farming still is the main household income source; hence, more investment is required to ensure sustainable economic develooment of rural communities in Mara reeion.

Tunable attenuator based on polymer microstructured optical fibers

Based on polymer microstructured optical fibers (PMOF) and selective liquid crystal injection technology, a novel tem- perature control tunable attenuator is designed theoretically in this paper. In our experiments, PMMA microstructured optical fibers with high performance are drawn successfully and the selective injection of liquid crystal 5CB into micro- holes is realized. The tunable attenuator is fabricated with an extinction ratio of over 60dB, which agrees well with the design.

Novel design concepts for network intrusion systems based on dendritic cells processes

An abstraction and an investigation to the worth of dendritic cells (DCs) ability to collect, process and present antigens are presented. Computationally, this ability is shown to provide a feature reduction mechanism that could be used to reduce the complexity of a search space, a mechanism for development of highly specialized detector sets as well as a selective mechanism used in directing subsets of detectors to be activated when certain danger signals are present. It is shown that DCs, primed by different danger signals, provide a basis for different anomaly detection pathways. Different antigen-peptides are developed based on different danger signals present, and these peptides are presented to different adaptive layer detectors that correspond to the given danger signal. Experiments are then undertaken that compare current approaches, where a full antigen structure and the whole repertoire of detectors are used, with the proposed approach. Experiment results indicate that such an approach is feasible and can help reduce the complexity of the problem by significant levels. It also improves the efficiency of the system, given that only a subset of detectors are involved during the detection process. Having several different sets of detectors increases the robustness of the resulting system. Detectors developed based on peptides are also highly discriminative, which reduces the false positives rates, making the approach feasible for a real time environment.

Sizing of rock fragmentation modeling due to bench blasting using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and radial basis function

One of the most important characters of blasting, a basic step of surface mining, is rock fragmentation. It directly effects on the costs of drilling and economics of the subsequent operations of loading, hauling and crushing in mines. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） and radial basis function （RBF） show potentials for modeling the behavior of complex nonlinear processes such as those involved in frag- mentation due to blasting of rocks. In this paper we developed ANFIS and RBF methods for modeling of sizing of rock fragmentation due to bench blasting by estimation of 80% passing size （Kso） of Golgohar iron ore mine of Sirjan, lran. Comparing the results of ANFIS and RBF models shows that although the sta- tistical parameters RBF model is acceptable but the ANFIS proposed model is superior and also simpler because the ANFIS model is constructed using only two input parameters while seven input parameters used for construction of the RBF model.

An immunity-based technique to detect network intrusions

This paper briefly reviews other people’s works on negative selection algorithm and their shortcomings. With a view to the real problem to be solved, authors bring forward two assumptions, based on which a new immune algorithm, multi-level negative selection algorithm, is developed. In essence, compared with Forrest’s negative selection algorithm, it enhances detector generation efficiency. This algorithm integrates clonal selection process into negative selection process for the first time. After careful analyses, this algorithm was applied to network intrusion detection and achieved good results.

Dynamic Target Wireless Network Selection Technique Using Fuzzy Linguistic Variables

Even though various wireless Net- work Access Technologies （NATs） with dif- ferent specifications and applications have been developed in the recent years, no single wireless technology alone can satisfy the any- time, anywhere, and any service wire- less-access needs of mobile users. A real seamless wireless mobile environment is only realized by considering vertical and horizontal handoffs together. One of the major design issues in heterogeneous wireless networks is the support of Vertical Handoff （VHO）. VHO occurs when a multi-interface enabled mobile terminal changes its Point of Attachment （PoA） from one type of wireless access technology to another, while maintaining an active session. In this paper we present a novel multi-criteria VHO algorithm, which chooses the target NAT based on several factors such as user preferences, system parameters, and traf- tic-types with varying Quality of Service （QoS） requirements. Two modules i.e., VHO Neces- sity Estimation （VHONE） module and target NAT selection module, are designed. Both modules utilize several ＂weighted＂ users＇ and system＇s parameters. To improve the robust- ness of the proposed algorithm, the weighting system is designed based on the concept of fuzzy linguistic variables.

USER SELECTION FOR SINR-BASED UPLINK MULTIUSER MIMO SYSTEMS

To avoid the exhaustive search, we propose a fast user selection algorithm for Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR)-based multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with Alamouti Space-Time Block Code (STBC) transmit scheme. A locally optimal selection criterion is proposed at first. Then, the incremental selection approach is applied, which selects one among the residual available users to maximize the minimum user SINR step by step. Simulation results show that the fast algorithm gains over 90% of the diversity benefit achieved by the exhaustive search selection, and that the fast algorithm has much lower computational burden than the exhaustive search one, for the scenario where the number of all the available users is much greater than that of the selected users.

The Human Capital Return and Social Integration of Migrants in China

From the perspective of migrants ＇self-selection and skill transferability theories, this paper compares human capital return rates of different migrant groups in urban China and discuss the possibility of economic status identified by migrants as local labors. Results suggest that positive self-selection works for all types of migrant labors. Migrant workers with non-agricultural household registration or feinong hukou have no trouble to be integrated into the labor market of destination. They even have higher income and human capital return rates than local urban workers. Newly-arrived migrant peasants earn less than local labors. However, after a certain period, the skilled migrant workers catch up with local labors and are economically integrated into the local labor market while the low-skilled migrant group still earns less. Therefore the integration of migrant labors in urban labor market is yet a kind of segregated integration.

Rural Collective Construction Land Transfer Based on Stakeholder Analysis

In order to establish a unified construction land market, it is necessary to choose a rational pathway for the market transfer of Rural Collective Construction Land （RCCL） in China. This paper focuses on different methods of RCCL transfer based on stakeholder analysis and three case studies including models from Guangdong, Wuhu and Chongqing. The main finding is that all three models improved resource allocation efficiency and intensive utilization of RCCL through land and capital transfer. Each model built different interest coordination mechanisms among stakeholders, suited to different regions and cases. The Guangdong model is suitable for an economically developed region. The Wuhu model is suitable for developing regions in central China while western underdeveloped regions in China can adopt the Chongqing model. The policy implication is that better policy making for the promotion of RCCL transfer in China should consider regional characteristics as well as the economic development context.

Nuclear uncertainties in the s-process simulation

The heavy elements in the Universe are formed during the s- and r-processes mainly in AGB stars and supernovae, respectively. Simulation of s- and r-nucleosynthesis critically depends on the neutron capture and weak decay rates for all the nuclei on the reaction chain. The present work analyzes systematically the neutron capture rates (cross sections) for the s-process nuclei, including ～3000 rates on ～200 nuclei. The network calculations for the constant temperature s-process have been performed using the different data sets selected as the nuclear inputs to investigate the uncertainties in the predicted s-abundances. We show that the available cross sections of neutron capture on many s-process nuclei still carry large uncertainties, which lead to low accuracy in the determination of s-process isotope abundances. We analyze the neutron capture cross section data for the same unique isobar nucleus accorded by year from previous work. Such an analysis indicates that the s-process has been studied for more than fifty years and there exist two research stages around 1976 and 2002, respectively. The needs and opportunities for future experiments and theoretical tools are highlighted to remove the existing shortcomings in the neutron capture rates.

Invasive plant rhizome production and competitiveness vary based on neighbor identity

Aims Within-species genetic and phenotypic variation have well-known effects on evolutionary processes,but less is known about how within-species variation may influence community-level processes.Ecologically meaningful intraspecific variation might be particularly important in the context of anthropogenic impacts on natural systems,such as agriculture and species invasion,because human actions can cause strong selection pressures.Methods In a greenhouse study,we explored intraspecific(30 accessions)and ecotypic variation(representing agricultural and nonagricultural habitats)in biomass and rhizome production in response to inter-and intraspecific competition and soil fertility of Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense),a widespread invasive species and agricultural weed.Important Findings Contrary to our expectations and previous results,we did not find variation in biomass production among Johnsongrass ecotypes at this early life stage.However,we did find that Johnsongrass biomass varied substantially depending on competitor identity,soil fertility treatments and among accessions.Rhizomes were 11%larger in the agricultural ecotype and up to 3-fold larger in fertilized treatment;while rhizome biomass increased by~50%when fertilized,but did not differ among ecotypes.Interestingly,in competition,Johnsongrass produced 32%less biomass and 20%less rhizome mass with a conspecific than when competing interspecifically with corn.Our results indicate species-specific competitive responses and changes in rhizome allocation in response to neighbor identity;suggesting the possibility of adaptation by Johnsongrass to shift allocation under competition.

The role of aggression in range expansion and biological invasions

Traits that aid in the invasion process should exhibit a gradient across the expansion range in response to changing selection pressures. Aggression has been repeatedly associated with invasion success in many taxa, as it may help invaders to wrestle the resources from other species which enhances their success in a novel environment. However, aggression primarily al lows individuals to overcome conspecific rivals, providing advantages in competition over resources. Agonistic prowess could therefore increase fitness at both ends of the expansion gradient. Here we review the role of aggression in range expansion of in vasive species, and its potential role as a driver of range expansion. We analyze how these different mechanisms could affect trait variation in expanding and invasive populations. Specifically, we look at how aggression could help dilate the edges of a popula tion through niche competition, as well as lead to exclusion from the center （Le. areas of high population density） by the conspe cities. Both of these processes will result in a characteristic spatial distribution of phenotypes related to aggression that could provide insights into the ecological pressures and dynamics of expanding populations, potentially providing clues to their success as niche competitors and invasive species

Competition for shelter between four invasive gobiids and two native benthic fish species

Recent invasions by non-native gobiid fish species that are ongoing in the Western European rivers Rhine and Meuse, will lead to interactions with native benthic fish species. Since both non-native gobiids and native benthic species are bottom dwelling species with a preference for shelter during at least part of their life cycle, it is likely that competition for shelter will occur between these non-native and native species when shelter is a limiting factor. To investigate the importance of this mecha- nism for species replacements, various habitat choice experiments were conducted between two common native benthic fish spe- cies （Cottus perifretum and Barbatula barbatula） and four invasive non-native gobiid species （Proterorhinus semilunaris, Neogo- bius melanostomus, N. kessleri and N. fluviatilis）. The first series of single specimen experiments determined the habitat choice of each individual fish species. In a second series of competition experiments, shifts in habitat choice in comparison with the previ- ously observed habitat choice, were determined when a native benthic fish species co-occurred with non-native gobiid species. Native C. perifretum displayed a significant shift in habitat choice in co-occurrence with the gobiids N. kessleri or P. semilunaris. C. perifretum was outcompeted and moved from the available shelter place to less preferred habitat types. During the competition experiments no change in habitat choice of B. barbatula was shown. Our study therefore suggests that competition for shelter is likely to occur in rivers invaded by N. kessleri and P. semilunaris at sites where shelter is limiting