替代与悖逆——《养子》中的邪恶美学

论文以德国作家克莱斯特的短篇小说《养子》为研究文本,探讨了小说对启蒙文化教育理念提出的质疑。《养子》以一个市民家庭的俄狄浦斯式悲剧隐喻了文化对自然本性的驯化过程。从被驱逐的儿子到自戕的父亲,小说呈现了身处理性文化中的人的异化倾向。"养子"可以被理解为一种被扭曲的第一本性,健康善良的"父亲"(理想的人)试图将养子教化成一个有修养的文化人,然而这种教化却缺乏真正的说服力,在杀子的过程中,父亲也抹杀了自己代表的文化理想。

江户时期儒学家浅見絅斋《养子辩证》之探析

浅见絅斋在《养子辩证》的主要阐明了父子、兄弟之伦理不可乱,故而不可以异族之子为自己的养子。如果随意交换应有的位置,是很荒谬的,所以著书说明。《养子辩证》中某些观点虽然不免偏颇,但是通过浅见絅斋在《养子辩证》中引用中国历史上大量的事例来看,他一丝不苟、引经据典、博览我国儒家群书,不愧为日本江户时代著名的儒学家和哲学家。

三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减对小儿过敏性咳嗽中医证候评分、免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响

目的探讨三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减对小儿过敏性咳嗽中医证候评分、免疫功能及炎性因子水平的影响。方法选择2021年1月—2022年6月91例诊断为风热犯肺证型过敏性咳嗽的患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字法平均分为观察组45例与对照组46例:对照组患儿给予孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减治疗。于治疗前、治疗1周及2周后比较两组中医证候评分及临床疗效差异,于治疗前、治疗后2周抽取静脉血,采用流式细胞术检测免疫细胞功能(CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(8)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)),采用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测白细胞介素-33(Interleukin-33,IL-33)、白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平。结果观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组患者主症、次症及总积分均逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗1周及2周后观察组主症、次症及总积分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组患儿CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)逐渐升高(P<0.05),CD_(8)^(+)逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗后1周及2周观察组CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)均高于对照组,而CD_(8)^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着治疗时间延长,两组患儿IL-33、IL-8、TNF-α均逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗后1周及2周观察组IL-33、IL-8、TNF-α均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在西医治疗基础上联合三拗汤合三子养亲汤加减治疗小儿过敏性咳嗽有更好的临床疗效,可以更早、更明显地降低中医证候评分,提高患儿机体免疫功能,降低机体炎性因子水平,促进患儿恢复。

三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠PPARα/CPT-1通路的影响

目的:基于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARα)/肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶-1(CPT-1)通路探究三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法:将50只Wistar大鼠随机分成空白组10只及造模组40只,空白组给予维持饲料,造模组采用高脂饲料饲养+高盐(6%盐水)灌胃方式制备正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠模型,造模8周,模型构建成功后将40只大鼠随机分为模型组及三子养亲汤低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。其后,空白组给予生理盐水灌胃,造模组继续给予高脂饲料加6%盐水灌胃,同时三子养亲汤各组给予相应浓度水煎液灌胃。灌胃8周后,检测各组大鼠体质量、血压、血脂四项及肝脏生化指标,观察肝脏病理形态及脂质沉积情况,检测大鼠肝脏中PPARα、CPT-1、酰基辅酶A氧化酶(ACOX1)基因和蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组体质量、血压及血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。空白组大鼠肝细胞排列整齐,细胞核形态完整,无红色脂质沉积;模型组大鼠肝细胞排列不整齐,出现细胞核消失的现象,肝细胞内出现部分脂质沉积;三子养亲汤高剂量组肝细胞排列规则、细胞核完整,有较少红色脂质沉积;三子养亲汤中、低剂量组细胞核较完整,肝细胞排列较整齐,有少量红色脂质沉积。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),中剂量组ACOX1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),三子养亲汤低、中剂量组ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:三子养亲汤可改善正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠体质量、血压、血脂及肝脏生化指标等。其机制可能与三子养亲汤调控PPARα/CPT-1信号通路,促进脂肪酸氧化分解,进而调控肝脏脂质代谢相关。

二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(痰湿蕴肺证)疗效及对肺功能、IFN-γ、ET-1的影响

目的探究二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)(痰湿蕴肺证)的疗效及对肺功能、伽马干扰素(interferon γ,IFN-γ)、内皮素(endothelin-1,ET-1)的影响。方法采用随机分组法将医院2019年2月—2022年3月收治的86例慢阻肺患者分为观察组与对照组,两组各43例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,观察组在此基础上联合使用二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后肺功能、蛋白质羰基(protein carbonyl content,PC)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine,8-OHdG)、丙二醛(malonic aldehyde,MDA)含量和IFN-γ、ET-1。观察两组患者临床症状消失时间和临床疗效。结果两组患者治疗后FEV1、PEF和Ppeak水平显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组FEV1、PEF和Ppeak水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后PC、8-OHdG和MDA水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组PC、8-OHdG和MDA水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后IFN-γ和ET-1水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组IFN-γ和ET-1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组临床症状消失时间显著快于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为83.72%(36/43)显著高于对照组(65.12%,28/43)(χ^(2)=3.909,P=0.048)。结论二陈汤合三子养亲汤能有效改善慢阻肺患者肺功能,降低氧化应激相关产物蛋白质的含量,减少临床症状持续时间,利于降低FN-γ、ET-1水平,临床疗效得到显著提升。

Contributions of Chinese Botanists to Plant Tissue Culture in the 20th entury

This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.

中药联合肺泡灌洗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床疗效观察

目的观察二陈汤合三子养亲汤联合肺泡灌洗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者的临床疗效及对肺功能和血气指标的影响。方法选取2019年10月—2021年9月医院呼吸科住院治疗的AECOPD且辨证为痰湿阻肺证患者,采用随机数字法分为治疗组40例,对照组39例。对照组在常规西药治疗联合肺泡灌洗基础上给予含10%中药安慰剂口服,治疗组在常规西药治疗联合肺泡灌洗基础上给予二陈汤合三子养亲汤颗粒剂。治疗1周后,评估两组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、肺功能及血气指标。结果治疗组患者咳嗽、咳痰、喘息、哮鸣、胸闷中医证候积分优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组有效率达97.5%(39/40),两组有效率比较,治疗组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者肺功能FEV1和FEV1/Pre%比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组患者血气指标pH、PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)及SaO_(2)与对照组相比(P<0.05),治疗组在改善血气指标方面优于对照组。两组患者治疗前后肝肾功能均无异常表现,说明该治疗方法安全可靠。结论二陈汤合三子养亲汤联合肺泡灌洗治疗痰湿阻肺型AECOPD患者临床疗效显著,可促进机体痰液排出,改善患者肺功能及血气分析指标。且该治疗措施安全性较高,值得在临床中推广。

Effects of Hormone Factors on the in vitro Culture Flowering Induction of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo

[Objective]The aim was to select the suitable hormone factors for flowering induction in vitro culture of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo.[Method]The test-tube plantlets from the stems of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo were used as the experimental materials and MS medium as the basic medium.Comparative tests have been done between single-factor hormone treatments（different concentrations of PP333 or TDZ） and multi-factor hormone treatments（different combinations of PP333,TDZ,6-BA and NAA） to research the effects of hormone factors on the flowering induction of the plantlets.[Result]Among the single-factor hormone treatments,the suitable concentration and the rate of flower buds formation of PP333 treatment were 0.2 mg/L and 8.5%,the that of TDZ treatment were 0.06 mg/L and 15.5%;the effects of multi-factor hormone treatments on the flowering induction were ordered as follow：（PP333 ＋ 6-BA ＋ NAA ＋ TDZ）〉 （PP333 ＋ 6-BA ＋ NAA）〉 （PP333 ＋ 6-BA） and（PP333 ＋ NAA） ;the most suitable treatment was PP333 0.3 mg/L ＋ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L ＋ TDZ 0.06 mg/L,the rate of flower bud formation and the rate of the blossomed flower were respectly reached to 80.4% and 90.3%.[Conclusion]PP333 and TDZ showed the important effect on the flowering induction in vitro culture of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo.The effect of TDZ was better than that of PP333.It is much more conducive to the flower bud formation,when using appropriate concentration of TDZ combined with other hormones properly.

Overexpression of lentivirus-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in bone marrow stromal cells and its neuroprotection for the PC12 cells damaged by lactacystin

Objective To construct recombinant lentiviral vectors for gene delivery of the glial cell line-derived neurotropnic factor （GDNF）, and evaluate the neuroprotective effect of GDNF on lactacystin-damaged PC12 cells by transfecting it into bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs）. Methods pLenti6/V5-GDNF plasmid was set up by double restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, and then the plasmid was transformed into Top10 cells. Purified pLenti6/V5-GDNF plasmids from the positive clones and the packaging mixture were cotransfected to the 293FT packaging cell line by Lipofectamine2000 to produce lentivirus, then the concentrated virus was transduced to BMSCs. Overexpression of GDNF in BMSCs was tested by RT-PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and its neuroprotection for lactacystin-damaged PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Results Virus stock of GDNF was harvested with the titer of 5.6×10^5 TU/mL. After tmnsduction, GDNF-BMSCs successfully secreted GDNF to supematant with nigher concentration （800 pg/mL） than BMSCs did （less than 100 pg/mL）. The supematant of GDNF-BMSCs could significantly alleviate the damage of PC12 cells induced by lactacystin （10 μmol/L）. Conclusion Overexpression of lentivirus-mediated GDNF in the BMSCs cells can effectively protect PC12 cells from the injury by the proteasome inhibitor.

Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health

This article reviewed the beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise on brain health according to the studies on humans and animals, which includes improving psychological status and cognitive function, enhancing psychological well-being, decreasing the risks of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and dementia, and promoting the effects of antidepressant and anxiolytic. The possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms are involved up-active and down-active pathways. The up-active pathway is associated with enhancements of several neurotransmitters systems afferent to hippocampus, including norepinephrine （NE）, serotonin （5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT）, acetylcholine （ACh） and γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）. The down-active pathway is mainly concerned with up-regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and neurogenesis. It is suggested that NE activation via β-adrenergic receptors may be essential for exercise-induced BDNF up-regulation. The possible intracellular signaling pathways of NE-mediated BDNF up-expression may be involved in GPCR-MAPK-PI-3K crosstalk and positive feedback.

Micropropagation of Pistacia vera 'Kerman'

[Objective]The aim was to commercialize micropropagation of pistachio and provide good foundations for varieties improvement. [Method]The seeds and stem-segments were used as explants in the tissue culture of Pistacia vera ＇Kerman＇,tissue culture condition and medium and transplant matrix were researched for micropropagation of pistachio,[Result]Mediums of 1/2DKW and 1/2DKW＋3.00 mg/L of 6-BA ＋0.05 mg/L of NAA were suitable medium for seed germination and axillary bud induction of pistachio; Proliferation coefficient was 3.6 on the medium of 1/2DKW ＋4.00 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.05 mg/L of IBA; Rooting rate was up to 75% on the medium of 1/2DKW ＋ 5.00 mg/L of IBA ＋ 1.00 mg/L of NAA; The suitable transplantation matrix was 3/4 sand ＋ 1/4 vermiculite,and survival rate of plant with root was above 79%. [Conclusion]The pistachio （Kerman） tissue culture technology system was established.

Optimum conditions for pure culture of major ectomycorrhizal fungi obtained from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in southeastern Keerqin sandy lands, China

The effects of medium, pH, water potential and temperature on the culture for three pure strains （Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus edulis and Lactarius insulsus） of ectomycorrhizal fungi from plantation forests of Mongolian pine （Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） on sandy lands were observed to obtain the optimum conditions for the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The results indicated that the three ectomycorrhizal fungi could grow well in the mediums containing natural components, such as vitamin, pine juice and yeast powder, pH had a slight effect on the growth of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi, and the optimum pH values were 6.0 for L. deliciosus, 5.0 for B. edulis, respectively. However, L. insulsus had a wide pH range, and it grew better than the other two strains in neutral and light alkalescent mediums. Water potential （produced by Polyethylene Glycol, PEG） had significant effects on the ecological adaptability for the tested three fungi strains. All of the three stains grow better at lower PEG concentration （100 g PEG.kg^-1 H2O）. The best water potential was 10% PEG concentration for all of the three stains. Temperatures, especially high temperatures induced the fungi death. The optimum temperature for the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi was 25-28℃ for all of the three stains.

Seasonal dynamics of wintering waterbirds in two shallow lakes along Yangtze River in Anhui Province

The shallow lake wetlands in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain are important wintering and stopover habitats for migratory waterbirds on the East Asia-Australia Flyway.With increasing fishery practices in recent years,however,the wetlands have deteriorated significantly and now threaten wintering waterbirds.To gain insight into the influence of deteriorating wetlands on waterbirds,we conducted a survey of wintering waterbird species,population size,and distribution across 11 belt transects in Caizi Lake and Shengjin Lake,two shallow lakes along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from November 2007-April 2008 and from November 2008-April 2009,respectively.The impacts of different fishery patterns on the distribution of waterbirds were also analyzed.A total of 43 waterbirds species belong to 7 orders of 12 families were counted during the surveys,of which 38 were found in Caizi Lake with a density of 8.2 ind./hm2,and 42 in Shengjin Lake with a density of 3.5 ind./hm2.Geese（Anser cygnoides）,bean geese（Anser fabalis）,tundra swan（Cygnus columbianus）,and dunlin（Calidris alpina） were the dominant species in the two shallow lakes.Species number and individual assemble reached maximum at the end of December and in early January of the following year,without coincidence of the largest flock for different ecological groups.Based on waterbird diversity across the 11 belt transects and the fishery patterns,habitats could be divided into three groups.Gruiformes,Anseriformes and Charadriiformes had relatively higher densities in the natural fishery zones and lower densities in the cage fishery zones;whereas,the density of Ardeidae showed little change across all lake zones.It is important to develop sustainable fishery patterns in shallow lakes along the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain to better protect resources of wintering waterbirds.

Tissue Culture of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya

[Objective] The aim was to carry out study on tissue culture of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. [Method] The seeds of L. cyrtobotrya were used as materials to study on its tissue culture. [Result] The best sterilization time to L. cyrtobotrya seeds was 8 min with 2.1% NaClO,in which shooting percent reached 37.8% and no polluted situations occurred. In the primary culture with the MS as basal medium,the concentration of 6-BA showed a significant effect on the index of buds differentiation,the optimum differentiation culture medium was MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.01 mg/L,on which the index of generation could reach 6.69. The optimum subculture medium was MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.05 mg/L. The plants can generate the highest roots and rooting percent with IBA 0.50 mg/L. [Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for genetic improvement of L. cyrtobotrya.

Embryogenesis and Development of Isolated Microspore in Chinese Cabbage

[Objective] The aim was to observe embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores in Chinese cabbage. [Method] Chinese cabbage F 1 hybrids were used as the experimental materials, and optical microspore was employed to observe the embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores. [Result] Cells swelled after heat shock treatment, which was the critical factor of embryoid induction. Three pathways equal division, unequal division and germination of microspores were discovered to lead to the embryogenesis from isolated microspores after swelling. Microspore could grow directly to embryoid through germination path way. Equally divided microspores formed the original embryos after successive multiple equal divisions. Original embryos could develop into cotyledon-shaped embryos via globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryos. The large one of the two cells from unequally divided microspores continued to divide and finally formed a polar embryoid. [Conclusion] The study will provide cytological basis for high induction frequency and embryoid of Chinese cabbage.

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Mature Seeds of Perennial Ryegrass

Objective The aim was to explore callus induction and plant regeneration of perennial ryegrass, as well as provide the foundation for transgenic research on perennial ryegrass.[ Methed] Mature seeds of perennial ryegrass were used as explants to study the effects of different hormone compositions on callus induction, proliferation and plant differentiation. Result The result showed that the induction rate achieved its highest on 2,4-D of 8 mg/L combining with 6-BA of 0.025 mg/L, which was up to 56.42%. Callus were differentiated after two to three generations, the highest differentiation rate 34.14% was achieved in the medium contained MS medium with 6-BA of 2 mg/L, and the differentiation rate was obviously affected by the callus condition after proliferation. The root inducing medium, containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and MS medium with half of macroelement, gained 98% root inducing rate. Conclusien A high frequency genetic regeneration system was established.

Nutrient Limiting Factor and Agronomic Efficiency of Wheat in Fluvo-aquic Soil District in Northwest of Shandong Province

[Objective] This study aimed to provide basis for rational fertilizer application of wheat in fluvo-aquic soil in the northwest of Shandong Province.[Method] In this paper,the treatments of reduced N,P and K were set in order to explore the effects of fertilizer recommendation based on ASI systematic approach on wheat yield,agronomic efficiency and recovery rate of nutrients.[Result] Nitrogen was the main limiting factor for wheat production in that area,followed by phosphorus,and the third was potassium.Compared with the optimum treatment （OPT）,the reduction of N,P and K reduced the grain yield obviously,which came up to 22.4％,14.4％ and 13.4％ respectively.There were no obvious differences in grain yield among Farmer＇s Fertilization Practice （FP）,60％ OPT-N and OPT treatment.[Conclusion] Agronomic efficiency of N,P and K was 6.3,12.9 and 10 kg/kg respectively.The recovery rates of N,P and K in wheat season were 16.41％,17.27％ and 27.27％ respectively.

Study on Characteristics of Decomposition and Nutrients Release of Two Kinds of Green Manure Crops

With nylon mesh bags, the decomposition and nutrients release characteristics of two kinds of green manure crops, February orchid （Orychophragmus violaceus） and Hair Vetch （Vicia villosa Roth）, were investigated in this study. The results showed that these two kinds of green manure crops were decomposed rapidly in the first 14 days, and then decomposed slowly. After 80 days of incubation, the decomposition rates of February orchid and Hair Vetch were 66.92% and 63.12%, respectively. Different nutrients had different release rates from the green manures. Nitrogen （N） and potassium （K） were released rapidly in the initial 7 days, and phosphorus （P） was released steadily in the 80 days of incubation. In the two kinds of green manures, the release rates all ranked as K＇s〉N＇s〉P＇s. The release rates of nutrients, especially P （P〈0.05）, of February orchid were higher than those of Hair Vetch.

Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on activation of astrocytes in vitro

Objective To observe the activating effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor （CNTF） on astrocyte in vitro. Methods Astrocytes cultured purely from newborn rats. Cerebral cortex was raised in normal and serum deprivation condition with different concentrations （in ng/ml： 0, 2, 20, or 200） of CNTF. After cultured for 24 h, the shape and the cell cycle of astrocytes were examined by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometer, respectively. Results The immunoactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and the nuclear size of astrocytes were increased when CNTF was applied, whether cells were cultured in medium with or without serum. CNTF promoted astrocytes to enter the cell cycle in medium with serum, but had no this effect in medium without serum. Conclusion In medium without serum, astrocytes could differentiate into activated state ceils with CNTF application, but could not proliferate; in medium with serum, astrocytes could proliferate with aid of CNTF.

Genetic Differences and Selection of Major Nutritional Quality Characters in Millet

[Objective] The aim was to enhance specificity and efficiency of quality breeding of millet. [Method] Difference analysis, correlation analysis, principal compo- nent analysis, and path analysis were conducted on nutritional quality characters of 29 millet varieties. [Result] Variance coefficients of nutritional quality characters among different varieties were in descending order of crude protein 〉 crude fiber 〉 fat 〉 water 〉 total carbohydrate. The results of correlation analysis suggested that crude protein exhibited extremely significant negative correlation with total carbohydrate （correlation coefficient of -0.822 4） and significantly negative correlation with fat （correlation coefficient of -0.380 7）; the rest characters showed no significant correla- tion. In addition, according to PCA and path analysis, four characters, including crude protein, fat, total carbohydrate and crude fiber, determined 97.35% of variance of nutritional quality and could be taken as references for selection of breeding ma- terials, with a determination coefficient of 1.000 0. Fat and carbohydrate were typical nutritional quality characters of breeding materials, which should be selected in low generation. However, crude protein and crude fiber should be selected for millet in high generation. [Conclusion] The research provides references for breeding of new millet varieties with high nutritional quality.