To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,...To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.展开更多
The Test for English Majors Band-4（TEM4） is annually taken for the second year students in China and it is based on the requirement of English teaching syllabus for English majors. This paper has collected some of s...The Test for English Majors Band-4（TEM4） is annually taken for the second year students in China and it is based on the requirement of English teaching syllabus for English majors. This paper has collected some of students＇ compositions of TEM-4, and according to the score evaluation of the syllabus as well as TEM-4, the paper aims to analyze students＇ errors and find out their reasons behind in order to improve students＇ writing capacity in TEM-4.展开更多
Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, di...Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, distributors and so on. These all components are isolated from two sections full-scale environment and miniaturized scale environment. Macro perspective environment components are those external variables which are past the association＇s control. The problem of this study is guaranteeing a supportable evolvement of human presence in its social, ecological, and monetary measurement. So, we have to adapt test in order to outfit toward manageability. As for the method used in this study, it depends on using empirical framework to meet the interest of capital and buyer, in addition to supporting human presence in its social, ecological, monetary measurement. The paper is organised as following sections： first section is the introduction, second section is the literature review, the third section includes the research method, fourth one discusses the analysis, while the conclusion is in the fifth section.展开更多
The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it ...The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it is supposed that many fish species move between the Lower and Upper Mekong. Most likely, natural fish migration in the river has been altered by dam construction across the mainstream of the Upper Mekong. In this paper, the interconnectivity of fish species between different sections of the Mekong and negative impacts of dams on migratory fish are studied. Of the 162 fish species in the Upper Mekong and the 869 species in the Lower Mekong, 61 species are common. Results show that there is no significant difference at order level between the UM and LM. Similarity coefficients are used to evaluate interconnectivity at species, genus and family levels among four different sections of the Upper Mekong with each other and with the Lower Mekong as a whole. The highest similarity is found between the middle and lower reach of the Upper Mekong at species and genus levels and the middle and upper reach at family level. Of the eight cascade dams, Mengsong Dam in planning is considered as the biggest threat to migratory fish from the Lower Mekong and should be particularly concerned.展开更多
Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evol...Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evolution of production organization pattern in strategic emerging industries.Our research indicates that:(1) when market demand maintains linear growth,continuous technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises in leading position of an industry are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(2) when market demand is in cyclical fluctuation,the technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises in catch-up position are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(3) when market demand growth is under cyclical fluctuation,if the relative gap between technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises and technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises remains constant,the phase when industry cycle moves from trough to plateau is the best time window for specialized enterprises to catch up with and overtake vertically integrated enterprises.Hence,policy design supporting the development of strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to factors like market demand environment and technology innovation and learning capabilities of domestic enterprises.展开更多
In-network caching and Interest packets aggregation are two important features of Content-Centric Networking(CCN).CCN routers can directly respond to the Interest request by Content Store(CS)and aggregate the same Int...In-network caching and Interest packets aggregation are two important features of Content-Centric Networking(CCN).CCN routers can directly respond to the Interest request by Content Store(CS)and aggregate the same Interest packets by Pending Interest Table(PIT).In this way,most popular content requests will not reach the origin content server.Thus,content providers will be unaware of the actual usages of their contents in network.This new network paradigm presents content providers with unprecedented challenge.It will bring a great impact on existing mature business model of content providers,such as advertising revenue model based on hits amount.To leverage the advantages of CCN and the realistic business needs of content providers,we explore the hits-based content provisioning mechanism in CCN.The proposed approaches can avoid the unprecedented impact on content providers' existing business model and promote content providers to embrace the real deployment of CCN network.展开更多
Fermented whey （a by-product from tofu industry） has been used as a coagulant in tofu manufactures in Indonesia. This research aimed to study effects of fermented whey on coagulation efficiency and physicochemical c...Fermented whey （a by-product from tofu industry） has been used as a coagulant in tofu manufactures in Indonesia. This research aimed to study effects of fermented whey on coagulation efficiency and physicochemical characteristics of tofu, compared to other acid coagulants （acetic acid and glucono-delta-lactone （GDL）） and salt coagulants （calcium sulfate and natural gypsum）. A randomized block design with a single factor was used in this research. Fermented whey could be used as coagulant in tofu manufacturing. Physicochemical characteristics of tofu from fermented whey were not significantly difference compared to tofu from calcium salt and acid coagulants. Coagulation efficiencies （CF, TSIL TPR and TB~） of fermented whey are lower than that from calcium salt coagulants （calcium sulphate and natural gypsum）. Fermented whey showed no significant differences in tofu properties and parameters of coagulation process, compared to GDL and acetic acid.展开更多
This work studies entry and technology transfer in a Cournot model where there are two domestic firms. A foreign firm has a patent on a technological innovation that reduces the costs of all firms. The foreign firm ca...This work studies entry and technology transfer in a Cournot model where there are two domestic firms. A foreign firm has a patent on a technological innovation that reduces the costs of all firms. The foreign firm can license the innovation to one or both domestic firms. The authors consider two standard licensing policies： （1） auction policy and （2） unit royalty policy. The foreign firm can license the innovation either by staying outside the domestic market, or it can enter the market, license the innovation and compete with the domestic firms. The authors show that （1） when the foreign firm stays outside, it is never optimal for it to use royalties, （2） if it licenses the innovation by entering the industry, then royalties could be optimal and （3） when it decides on its entry strategy by taking its optimal licensing policies into account, it always finds it optimal to enter the domestic market.展开更多
From the practice of Chinese enterprises, the paper discusses three constraint conditions of China＇s internal controls including the system environmental constraint, cost constraint and organization constraint, and a...From the practice of Chinese enterprises, the paper discusses three constraint conditions of China＇s internal controls including the system environmental constraint, cost constraint and organization constraint, and advances the suggestions on the approaches to improve Chinese enterprises＇ internal controls level.展开更多
Project audit and management built-in control audit are the academic circle and business circles of our country and government, which are paid attention to very much, this paper has analysed the project problem of aud...Project audit and management built-in control audit are the academic circle and business circles of our country and government, which are paid attention to very much, this paper has analysed the project problem of auditing existence, has put forward the measure of built-in control for all reference.展开更多
At present,the importance of product planning is valued unceasingly by the domestic garment enterprises. But there are a number of garment enterprises not fully understanding the significance of product planning, let ...At present,the importance of product planning is valued unceasingly by the domestic garment enterprises. But there are a number of garment enterprises not fully understanding the significance of product planning, let alone mastering how to make a successful product planning. Therefore, this paper is based on the related theory of product planning, analyses the basic content of garment product planning, explains the main types of product planning in China and the current situation and existing problems of the product plalming in our country, and puts forward the corresponding solutions. There are a certain guiding significance and reference value to garment product planning in the future.展开更多
Only if an enterprise establishes a good internal control can it survive and develop in a long-term way, and because of the closely relationship between corporate culture and internal control, the corporate culture ha...Only if an enterprise establishes a good internal control can it survive and develop in a long-term way, and because of the closely relationship between corporate culture and internal control, the corporate culture has important significance on the impact of internal control. From the perspective of cultural problems in enterprise internal control and the innovation enterprise culture, this paper improves the method of construction honesty cultural and harmonious culture, so as to improve the internal control system. Through this study, people hope to provide effective reference to optimize the enterprise internal control system, which will inject new vitality for the construction of enterprises internal control.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50878078)
文摘To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.
文摘The Test for English Majors Band-4（TEM4） is annually taken for the second year students in China and it is based on the requirement of English teaching syllabus for English majors. This paper has collected some of students＇ compositions of TEM-4, and according to the score evaluation of the syllabus as well as TEM-4, the paper aims to analyze students＇ errors and find out their reasons behind in order to improve students＇ writing capacity in TEM-4.
文摘Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, distributors and so on. These all components are isolated from two sections full-scale environment and miniaturized scale environment. Macro perspective environment components are those external variables which are past the association＇s control. The problem of this study is guaranteeing a supportable evolvement of human presence in its social, ecological, and monetary measurement. So, we have to adapt test in order to outfit toward manageability. As for the method used in this study, it depends on using empirical framework to meet the interest of capital and buyer, in addition to supporting human presence in its social, ecological, monetary measurement. The paper is organised as following sections： first section is the introduction, second section is the literature review, the third section includes the research method, fourth one discusses the analysis, while the conclusion is in the fifth section.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40601096)
文摘The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it is supposed that many fish species move between the Lower and Upper Mekong. Most likely, natural fish migration in the river has been altered by dam construction across the mainstream of the Upper Mekong. In this paper, the interconnectivity of fish species between different sections of the Mekong and negative impacts of dams on migratory fish are studied. Of the 162 fish species in the Upper Mekong and the 869 species in the Lower Mekong, 61 species are common. Results show that there is no significant difference at order level between the UM and LM. Similarity coefficients are used to evaluate interconnectivity at species, genus and family levels among four different sections of the Upper Mekong with each other and with the Lower Mekong as a whole. The highest similarity is found between the middle and lower reach of the Upper Mekong at species and genus levels and the middle and upper reach at family level. Of the eight cascade dams, Mengsong Dam in planning is considered as the biggest threat to migratory fish from the Lower Mekong and should be particularly concerned.
基金Financial support from Key Program of National Social Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.10AJL008)is gratefully acknowledged
文摘Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evolution of production organization pattern in strategic emerging industries.Our research indicates that:(1) when market demand maintains linear growth,continuous technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises in leading position of an industry are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(2) when market demand is in cyclical fluctuation,the technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises in catch-up position are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(3) when market demand growth is under cyclical fluctuation,if the relative gap between technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises and technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises remains constant,the phase when industry cycle moves from trough to plateau is the best time window for specialized enterprises to catch up with and overtake vertically integrated enterprises.Hence,policy design supporting the development of strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to factors like market demand environment and technology innovation and learning capabilities of domestic enterprises.
基金This work was supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） under Grant No. 2012CB315802 National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61171102 and No. 61132001 Prospective Research on Future Networks of Jiangsu Future Networks Innovation institute under Grant No. BY2013095-4-01. Beijing Nova Program under Grant No.2008B50 and Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project under Grant No.YETP0478.
文摘In-network caching and Interest packets aggregation are two important features of Content-Centric Networking(CCN).CCN routers can directly respond to the Interest request by Content Store(CS)and aggregate the same Interest packets by Pending Interest Table(PIT).In this way,most popular content requests will not reach the origin content server.Thus,content providers will be unaware of the actual usages of their contents in network.This new network paradigm presents content providers with unprecedented challenge.It will bring a great impact on existing mature business model of content providers,such as advertising revenue model based on hits amount.To leverage the advantages of CCN and the realistic business needs of content providers,we explore the hits-based content provisioning mechanism in CCN.The proposed approaches can avoid the unprecedented impact on content providers' existing business model and promote content providers to embrace the real deployment of CCN network.
文摘Fermented whey （a by-product from tofu industry） has been used as a coagulant in tofu manufactures in Indonesia. This research aimed to study effects of fermented whey on coagulation efficiency and physicochemical characteristics of tofu, compared to other acid coagulants （acetic acid and glucono-delta-lactone （GDL）） and salt coagulants （calcium sulfate and natural gypsum）. A randomized block design with a single factor was used in this research. Fermented whey could be used as coagulant in tofu manufacturing. Physicochemical characteristics of tofu from fermented whey were not significantly difference compared to tofu from calcium salt and acid coagulants. Coagulation efficiencies （CF, TSIL TPR and TB~） of fermented whey are lower than that from calcium salt coagulants （calcium sulphate and natural gypsum）. Fermented whey showed no significant differences in tofu properties and parameters of coagulation process, compared to GDL and acetic acid.
文摘This work studies entry and technology transfer in a Cournot model where there are two domestic firms. A foreign firm has a patent on a technological innovation that reduces the costs of all firms. The foreign firm can license the innovation to one or both domestic firms. The authors consider two standard licensing policies： （1） auction policy and （2） unit royalty policy. The foreign firm can license the innovation either by staying outside the domestic market, or it can enter the market, license the innovation and compete with the domestic firms. The authors show that （1） when the foreign firm stays outside, it is never optimal for it to use royalties, （2） if it licenses the innovation by entering the industry, then royalties could be optimal and （3） when it decides on its entry strategy by taking its optimal licensing policies into account, it always finds it optimal to enter the domestic market.
文摘From the practice of Chinese enterprises, the paper discusses three constraint conditions of China＇s internal controls including the system environmental constraint, cost constraint and organization constraint, and advances the suggestions on the approaches to improve Chinese enterprises＇ internal controls level.
文摘Project audit and management built-in control audit are the academic circle and business circles of our country and government, which are paid attention to very much, this paper has analysed the project problem of auditing existence, has put forward the measure of built-in control for all reference.
文摘At present,the importance of product planning is valued unceasingly by the domestic garment enterprises. But there are a number of garment enterprises not fully understanding the significance of product planning, let alone mastering how to make a successful product planning. Therefore, this paper is based on the related theory of product planning, analyses the basic content of garment product planning, explains the main types of product planning in China and the current situation and existing problems of the product plalming in our country, and puts forward the corresponding solutions. There are a certain guiding significance and reference value to garment product planning in the future.
文摘Only if an enterprise establishes a good internal control can it survive and develop in a long-term way, and because of the closely relationship between corporate culture and internal control, the corporate culture has important significance on the impact of internal control. From the perspective of cultural problems in enterprise internal control and the innovation enterprise culture, this paper improves the method of construction honesty cultural and harmonious culture, so as to improve the internal control system. Through this study, people hope to provide effective reference to optimize the enterprise internal control system, which will inject new vitality for the construction of enterprises internal control.
