《内景经》五脏神人格化思想探析

《内景经》通过描述神所住的宫殿、衣服、名号、职责等内容,构建出生动形象的五脏神,这个造神造像的过程体现了五脏与五行的互动,即五脏神体现了五行学说,五行学说又是身神形象化的语言元素。神就是生命力本身,同时,生命力本身并不能具体显现,它只能以事物的运作展现出来,一个活人拥有大大小小的很多身神,它们各司其位,各尽其责,身体的生理功能如此精细地运转,正是各个组织器官协同的结果。《黄庭经》里记载的身神系统除了五脏神,还有黄庭神、中池神、面神、泥丸九真神、二十四真神和百节众神等,经文中赋予众神比较清晰详尽的人格特征。这种对各项身体组织生理功能的人格化,视觉化和意象化是古人常用的托象喻理的表达方式,即通过构造某种景像的形式,把抽象的道理表达出来。

Traditional Chinese Aesthetics and Urban Landscape Design

Landscape designs for modern urban open spaces are studied on the basis of traditional aesthetics, while aesthetic basis and development orientation can be provided for such designs through studies on traditional aesthetics. It is hoped that landscape designs from aesthetic perspective can correct people’s aesthetic attitudes towards the city, transform their habitual aesthetic modes, so as to cultivate new aesthetic tastes.

Compressive Sensing Based Wireless Localization in Indoor Scenarios

The sparse nature of location finding in the spatial domain makes it possible to exploit the Compressive Sensing (CS) theory for wireless location.CS-based location algorithm can largely reduce the number of online measurements while achieving a high level of localization accuracy,which makes the CS-based solution very attractive for indoor positioning.However,CS theory offers exact deterministic recovery of the sparse or compressible signals under two basic restriction conditions of sparsity and incoherence.In order to achieve a good recovery performance of sparse signals,CS-based solution needs to construct an efficient CS model.The model must satisfy the practical application requirements as well as following theoretical restrictions.In this paper,we propose two novel CS-based location solutions based on two different points of view:the CS-based algorithm with raising-dimension pre-processing and the CS-based algorithm with Minor Component Analysis (MCA).Analytical studies and simulations indicate that the proposed novel schemes achieve much higher localization accuracy.

SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THE TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION AND ITS REPRODUCTION IN SAMIL-R_(42)L_9

Seasonal variations of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） and relationship to seasonal variation of the climate background are studied by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and output of SAMIL-R42L9. Analysis of NCEP data shows that spatial distribution of the tropical ISO has obvious seasonal variations, which are well consistent with the seasonal variation of climate background. The activity of the tropical ISO is, to a great extent, dependent on warm SST, strong convection, zonal western wind, strong precipitation and low-level moisture convergence. Main characteristics of the seasonal variations of the tropical ISO are captured by SAMIL-R42L9. Simulations of seasonal variation of climate background vary greatly with different variables. Results of SAMIL-R42L9 indicate that the seasonal variations of the tropical ISO in dynamical fields are more dependent on climate background than in heating fields and SAMIL-R42L9 canllot represent well the strong dependence of the ISO on the climate background present in NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. It also suggests that seasonal variations of the ISO do not completely depend on that of climate background.

寻觅医海奇珍——访中国医史博物馆

在一个寒风凛冽的日子，我们伴着北京老城区里特有的鸽哨声，探访了隐藏在这座古都内的一家讲述中医发展与文化的博物馆--中国医史博物馆。

Data Recovery Based on Intelligent Pattern Matching

To solve the problem of data recovery on free disk sectors, an approach of data recovering based on intelligent pattern matching is proposed in this paper. Different from the methods based on the file directory, this approach utilizes the consistency among the data on the disk. A feature pattern library is established based on different types of fries according to the internal constructions of text. Data on sectors will be classified automatically by data clustering and evaluating. When the conflict happens on data classification, the digestion will be initiated by adopting context pattern. Based on this approach, the paper achieved the data recovery system aiming at pattern matching of txt, word and PDF fries. Raw and formatting recovery tests proved that the system works well.

Traffic assignment problem under tradable credit scheme in a bi-modal stochastic transportation network: A cumulative prospect theory approach

The traffic equilibrium assignment problem under tradable credit scheme(TCS) in a bi-modal stochastic transportation network is investigated in this paper. To describe traveler’s risk-taking behaviors under uncertainty, the cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is adopted. Travelers are assumed to choose the paths with the minimum perceived generalized path costs, consisting of time prospect value(PV) and monetary cost. At equilibrium with a given TCS, the endogenous reference points and credit price remain constant, and are consistent with the equilibrium flow pattern and the corresponding travel time distributions of road sub-network. To describe such an equilibrium state, the CPT-based stochastic user equilibrium(SUE) conditions can be formulated under TCS. An equivalent variational inequality(VI) model embedding a parameterized fixed point(FP) model is then established, with its properties analyzed theoretically. A heuristic solution algorithm is developed to solve the model, which contains two-layer iterations. The outer iteration is a bisection-based contraction method to find the equilibrium credit price, and the inner iteration is essentially the method of successive averages(MSA) to determine the corresponding CPT-based SUE network flow pattern. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the model and algorithm.

Feasibility study of the transient electromagnetic method for chamber blasting misfire detection and recognition

In this paper,transient electromagnetic method was used to carry out the feasibility study on the detection and recognition of chamber blasting misfire.Firstly,an electromagnetic background field was established in the test;secondly,a benign conductor was preset in the chamber,and then the background field was eliminated after the electromagnetic field was measured;thirdly,the transient electromagnetic field was measured again after blasting;at last,the chamber blasting misfire was detected and recognized by comparing the change of eddy current field of the preset benign conductor before and after blasting.The test results showed that:When the buried depth of aluminum box target was no more than 30 m,transient electromagnetic method can clearly identify the position of the aluminum box;when the buried depth of aluminum box was more than30 m,the buried depth and position of the aluminum box was not sure due to the unknown level of secondary eddy current field generated by aluminum box.

Travel Motivation of Domestic Tourists to the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve in Northeastern China: A Comparative Study

This article seeks to develop a fuller understanding of the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists who visit the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) in Northeastern China. To do so, ecotourists are compared to general travelers visiting this area. A questionnaire was employed to collect data on visitor characteristics and motivations, responses to which were then analyzed via descriptive statistics, T-tests and principal component factor analysis. Results showed that 16% of the visitors to this area were classified as ecotourists, while the remainder general travelers. Five motivations displayed significant differences(P<0.05) between these two types of tourists. Three social motives – boosting self-confidence, feeling at home away from home and being together with family – and two attraction motives – indoor sports and viewing unique landscapes of the CMBR(crater lake, waterfall, gorge and hot spring) – were significantly more important for general travelers(P<0.05); while two social motives of experiencing the tranquility of the natural setting and the natural beauty of the landscape were relatively more important for ecotourists(P<0.1). Results suggest that ecotourists have distinct and complicated attraction and social motives compared to general travelers visiting the CMBR. Results have useful implications for researchers interested in tourist motivations and behavior, as well as for managers who wish to focus their marketing strategies more effectively. National Park of South Africa. Uysal et al.(1994) assessed the travel motives of Australian tourists to U.S. national parks and nature areas and formed five groupings including ‘relaxation/hobbies', ‘novelty', ‘enhancement of kinship relationship', ‘escape', and ‘prestige'. Tao et al.(2004) analyzed motivations of Asian tourists travelling to Taiwan's Taroko National Park using a self-defined approach and found that the most significant benefits sought by self-defined ecotourists are ‘learning about nature' and ‘participating in recreation activities'. Beh and Bruyere(2007) analyzed visitor motivations in three Kenyan national reserves, identifying the three most prominent kinds of tourists as escapers, learners and spiritualists. Pan and Ryan(2007) used factor analysis to reveal five motivational dimensions –‘relaxation', ‘social needs', ‘a sense of belonging', ‘mastery skills', and ‘intellectual needs' – of visitors to the Pirongia Forest Park in New Zealand. Kruger and Saayman(2010) did a comparative study on travel motivations of tourists to Kruger and Tsitsikamma National Parks in South Africa and found that common motives of tourists were ‘escape and relaxation' as well as ‘knowledge seeking', ‘nostalgia' and ‘park attributes'. Despite these efforts, on an overall basis past literature on why visitors travel to national parks and nature areas is still rather limited. In China, a number of empirical studies on tourist motivations have been conducted since the early 1990s(Chen and Miao 2006; Dong 2011; Huang et al. 2011; Jeffrey and Xie 1994; Lu 1997; Ma et al. 2013; Zhang 2012). Some studies have focused on motivations of visitors to nature reserves(Li 2007), geological parks(Chen and Qiao 2010), world heritage sites(Su et al. 2005), and seismic memorial sites(Tang 2014). However, most previous research findings on tourist motivations are not comparable, reflecting the fact that visitors to different parks have quite different motives due to the attributes of particular destinations, the geographic locations of these parks, types of available activities, marketing strategies, and the complexity of travel motives(Chen and Qiao 2010; Pan and Ryan 2007). While it is true that certain motivations were shared in varying degrees by most tourists to these places – i.e., ‘appreciating natural landscapes', ‘family and education', ‘social needs', and ‘perceived prestige of visit' – most previous research has not focused on natural settings as destinations. Thus travel motivations of tourists to these areas must be further explored and clarified in relation to impacts on particular natural areas and patterns of market segmentation. As one of the earliest and largest natural reserves established in China, the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve(CMBR) has long been a draw not only for domestic tourists but also for international visitors, and tourism to the area has been growing steadily since 1980. With the number of visitors to the reserve having climbed to 2.44 million in 2010(Statistical Communiqué of the Changbai Mountain Protection and Development Zone of Jilin Province 2011), it has become imperative for local government officials and reserve wardens to understand tourists' desires and interests when identifying tourism development opportunities. However, the existing literature still suffers from a lack of empirical studies that investigate why people travel to the CMBR and whether tourist motives differ between groups such as ecotourists and general travelers. The target population for this study consists of domestic visitors to the CMBR. The goals of this research include:(1) to identify the social and attraction motives of domestic tourists that influence decisions to visit the CMBR;(2) to explore whether there are any differences between the motivations of these two types of tourists; and(3) to provide some useful management implications for local government and tourism marketers.

The Impact of the Environment Management Act （EMA） on the Accountability of Companies in Fiji

This study seeks to explore the impact of the Environment Management Act （EMA） （2005） on the accountability of three companies in Fiji. The study uses a multi-case study approach based on three subsidiaries of a conglomerate. Data collection methods include semi-structured interviews with accountants, internal auditors, and environmental officers, document reviews, and content analysis of annual reports and websites of the respective companies. The findings suggest that the EMA （2005） had some effects in terms of engendering accountability on the companies studied. Further evidence suggests that while this increased accountability has led to disclosures in annual reports and websites, these disclosures are minimal at best; furthermore, they primarily address that the stakeholder group comprised government regulatory authorities. The study provides policy implications on how environmental legislations could be designed to improve the accountability of commercial entities in developing economies. The experience and issues highlighted are also useful to other developing economies who are contemplating in developing their own environmental legislations. This paper is one of the few papers that explore the impact of environmental legislations on accountability in a developing economy context.

Then and Now： A Content Analysis of Media Used in the Presidential Election Campaigns of Kennedy and Obama

American campaigning has become increasingly complex as it adjusts to our ever-changing cultural landscape. The use of electronic media in the presidential campaigns of 1960 and 2008 is illustrative of this shift. A content analysis of these two campaigns demonstrates how each applied the newest technologies available at the time to define the candidate＇s image and export the messages to the electorate. Whether it be Kennedy＇s use of television or Obama＇s usage of social media, the role that new media of the day played in both campaigns clearly set the tone for future political campaigns. This examination of the role of media in both elections serves to form a primer for how the successful applications of new media lead to campaign victory. Then and now, the growing influence of new technologies on campaigning makes it necessary to compare and contrast the successful usages and strategies employed. The need for continuing analysis will grow in the coming years.

A Future with Hope:China Agriculture Outlook 2007

China's macro economy has remained in a good and stable condition overall,experiencing an annual GDP growth of over 10% for several consecutive years.Under this basic condition, the main focus of the Outlook was China's current grain and oil supply,and the demand market with its probable future prices.

Analysis on Cultural and Aesthetic Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Patterns

China traditional patterns are of various kinds,and the performance of the content is also very rich.In the development of traditional pattern evolvement process,it experienced a plurality of historical period change,and it has a certain period of time the representative style, so the traditional patterns have more cultural meaning.We can say that development track Of traditional pattern have a close relationship with the Chinese history and culture ,which reflects the aesthetic characteristics of different cultural background of each period.In this paper, from the analysis of Chinese traditional patterns of aesthetic characteristics in different periods,it researches the cultural meaning of traditional patterns.

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of granite porphyry in Keyouzhongqi area,Inner Mongolia

The authors studied the geochemistry, zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotope of the granite porphyry and its petrogenesis and tectonic setting in the studied area. The zircon U-Pb dating indicates the formation of the granite porphyry is in Early Cretaceous （ 125.1 ± 1.5 Ma）. The granite porphyry has high-SiO2 and alkali-rich features, which belongs to high-K talc-alkaline series rocks （ A/CNK = 0. 95%-1. 25% ）. The analyses of trace elements show the characteristics of a swallow-shaped REE distribution pattern with enrichment in LREEs and most of LILEs and HFSEs, depletion in Ba, Sr, Nb, P and Ti, and especially strong depletion in Eu, which indicates the granite porphyry belongs to the aluminous A-type granite. Their εHf（t） range from 5.94 to 8.80 with Hf two-stage model ages （TDM2 ） of 620 Ma to 803 Ma. Combining with the regional tectonic background, we conclude that the source of the rocks is the new crust materials accreted from depleted mantle in Neoproterozoic and is the product of partial melting of middle and lower crustal rocks, which may be suffered from the dual impact of the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean and the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.

《内景唐人街》的后现代叙事与种族操演性

美国华裔作家游朝凯的新作《内景唐人街》创见性地采用电视剧本的形式进行创作,戏仿美国大众文化中的种族刻板印象,以言语行为和内心独白的方式叙述亚裔自我意识,通过拼贴杂糅亚裔历史重新审视亚裔自我、历史与族群的关系。本文关注小说的电视剧本形式和后现代叙事策略,指出这一形式和策略在凸显种族操演性的同时将其历史化和语境化,由此探讨种族操演性对亚裔主体性和身份认同的重要意义。

记陈箴纽约个展

与纽约现代美术馆策略性结盟的PS1当代艺术中心．自2003年2月16日起，推出已故旅法中国艺术家陈箴的个展．以此纪念并向陈箴的艺术创作与生命致敬。此展是由波士顿当代艺术中心(Boston ICA)的策展人吉尔伯特·维卡利欧(Gilbert vicario)与纽约PS1当代艺术中心策展人东尼·古瑞若(Tony Guerrero)共同策划．并以陈箴生前最后四年之间完成的装置、素描、雕塑作品所组成，包括极富盛名的装置作品《绝唱——各打五十大板》(1998，香港梁洁华基金会收藏)。

Influences of electro-acupuncture at related Jing-well Points in rats with vascular dementia

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) at related Jing-well Points(HT 9,PC 9,KI 1 and LU 11) in rats with vascular dementia(VD) and discuss the relative mechanism.METHODS:A randomized controlled animal experiment was designed.A total of 104 rats were involved in the present study and divided randomly into 4 groups:sham-operation group,model group,Jing-well Points group,and medication group.The VD model was established according to the modified 4-vessel occlusion(4-VO) method.VD rats in the Jing-well Points group were treated by EA at the related Jing-well Points(HT 9,PC 9,KI 1 and LU 11) while those in the medication group were treated with nimotop.The step-down avoidance test was performed before and after treatment in all rats.Latency and error frequency indexed memory function were recorded.Nitric oxide(NO) levels and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in both cerebral tissue and serum were detected after the treatment course.RESULTS:A total of 42 rats were included in the final analysis.Compared with the model group,the latency in the Jing-well Points group was significantly prolonged(P<0.01) and the error frequency was significantly decreased(P<0.05) after therapy;the decrease in NO levels in both brain tissue and serum was significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively);and the increase in SOD activity was also significant(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in latency,error frequency,NO levels and SOD activity between the Jing-well Points group and medication group.CONCLUSION:EA at related Jing-well Points can remarkably improve memory impairment in VD rats.Moreover,decreasing the overproduction of NO and strengthening the ability of eliminating free radicals may provide therapeutic potential for the treatment of VD.

Three-dimensional reconstruction for a large scene of integral imaging based on color-position characteristics

A new large-scale three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction technology based on integral imaging with color-position characteristics is presented.The color of the object point is similar to those of corresponding points.The corresponding point coordinates form arithmetic progressions because integral imaging captures information with a senior array which has similar pitches on x and y directions.This regular relationship is used to determine the corresponding point parameters for reconstructing 3D information from divided elemental images separated by color,which contain several corresponding points.The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through an optical indoor experiment.A large-scale application of the proposed method is illustrated by the experiment with a corner of our school as its object.