[Objective] This paper analyzed present status of broomcorn millet produc- tion in China, including cultivation methods, fertilization utilization, diseases, insect pests and disasters, machinery development, planting...[Objective] This paper analyzed present status of broomcorn millet produc- tion in China, including cultivation methods, fertilization utilization, diseases, insect pests and disasters, machinery development, planting benefit and other aspects. [Method] The corn millet data reported by China Industrial and Technological Re- search System of Millet in 2011 were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis of EXCEL. [Result] The results show that 17 678.57 kg/ha of farm manure, 155.77 kg/ha of urea, 259.5 kg/ha of compound fertilizer, 203.13 kg/ha of phosphate fertilizer and 75 kg/ha of potash fertilizer were used in China; the national mechanization degree of broomcorn millet production is lower than 30% in all; the average income of broomcorn millet production is 10 503.33 yuan/ha, and the VCR is 2.64; most broomcorn millet producing areas are affected by mild pests and diseases, very few are affected by mild and moderate pests and diseases, and the impact of natural disasters is the lightest. [~onclusien] Currently fertilizer utilization for broomcorn millet is proper but the mechanization level and planting benefit are low, natural disasters, pests and diseases are not severe; finally the authors proposed some suggestions on the fertilizer utilization, mechanization production, benefit increasing, disaster warning, disease and insect controlling and government policy-making for broomcorn millet production.展开更多
Significant quantities of slag are generated as waste material or by-product every day from steel industries. They usually contain considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. Transforming these solid was...Significant quantities of slag are generated as waste material or by-product every day from steel industries. They usually contain considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. Transforming these solid wastes from one form to another to be reused either by the same production unit or by different industrial installation is very much essential not only for conserving metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment. The sustainable development concept requires a more efficient management of waste materials and preservation of environment. The paper presents the basic characteristics of slag, analyses and it＇s modification by incorporating some essential plant nutrients and the possibility of its application as fertilizer was studied.展开更多
The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizer...The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcG1S spatial analysis, including geomor- phologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spa- tial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment.展开更多
Monoammonium phosphate （MAP） is produced from crude phosphoric acid which contains Fe （III）, AI （III） and Mg （II） ions. In general, the fertilizers MAP was obtained by including various heavy metal micronutrie...Monoammonium phosphate （MAP） is produced from crude phosphoric acid which contains Fe （III）, AI （III） and Mg （II） ions. In general, the fertilizers MAP was obtained by including various heavy metal micronutrients （Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn）, fluorine and heavy metals considered toxic （Al and Cd） in. The long-continued application of phosphate fertilizers （MAP） and their by products can redistribute and elevate heavy metal and fluorine concentrations in soil profiles. However, they are subsequently transferred into the human food chain because of their availability to plants, mainly in acid soils. Thus, it is important to eliminate the impurities in MAP. Purified MAP is three times more expensive than the same product before purification and is commonly used in a number of applications such as flame proofing （building materials, pulp and paper） and agriculture. Purified MAP is a key ingredient in specialty all-soluble dry fertilizers, waste water-nutrient for biological purification, fermentation and biotechnology-nutrient. The procedure for purification of industrial MAP is a recrystallization, by using several mixtures of solvents. The physicochemical characterization of this fertilizer upstream and downstream from the purification, through spectroscopic analyses and chemical analyses, shows that recrystallization can eliminate impurities. The physicochemical properties of the purified MAP obtained by recrystallization are comparable to those of the MAP obtained with a pure phosphoric acid.展开更多
Peculiar characteristics of soils of Zarafshan valley are salinity with carbonates. It is recommended to introduce large amount of manure or other organic fertilizers in these soils to improve soil reclamation. But cu...Peculiar characteristics of soils of Zarafshan valley are salinity with carbonates. It is recommended to introduce large amount of manure or other organic fertilizers in these soils to improve soil reclamation. But currently there is no possibility to collect so many organic fertilizers in Uzbekistan. That is why other ways of production of organic fertilizers for improving soil fertility were searched. In the experiment, the influence of composts was studied, which prepared from tobacco wastes and manure on agrochemical properties of soils of Zarafshan valley, and production of composts from these industrial wastes, two salted with magnesium carbonates and yield-capacity of com. With the problems that exist in Uzbekistan can be solved at once. These include problems of environmental contamination through wastes and ensuring with organic fertilizers in the irrigated soils. Introduction of composts in the doze of 30 t.ha1 separately and on the background of mineral-NPK （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium） fertilizers increased the humus content, total NPK and mobile nutritious substances in soil. It is proved that composts, prepared from tobacco wastes with their effect on the yield capacity and quality ofcoru production, can successfully substitute manure. Composts positively influence on the balance of nutritious substances in the system of soil-corn.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(CARS-07-12.5-A18)~~
文摘[Objective] This paper analyzed present status of broomcorn millet produc- tion in China, including cultivation methods, fertilization utilization, diseases, insect pests and disasters, machinery development, planting benefit and other aspects. [Method] The corn millet data reported by China Industrial and Technological Re- search System of Millet in 2011 were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis of EXCEL. [Result] The results show that 17 678.57 kg/ha of farm manure, 155.77 kg/ha of urea, 259.5 kg/ha of compound fertilizer, 203.13 kg/ha of phosphate fertilizer and 75 kg/ha of potash fertilizer were used in China; the national mechanization degree of broomcorn millet production is lower than 30% in all; the average income of broomcorn millet production is 10 503.33 yuan/ha, and the VCR is 2.64; most broomcorn millet producing areas are affected by mild pests and diseases, very few are affected by mild and moderate pests and diseases, and the impact of natural disasters is the lightest. [~onclusien] Currently fertilizer utilization for broomcorn millet is proper but the mechanization level and planting benefit are low, natural disasters, pests and diseases are not severe; finally the authors proposed some suggestions on the fertilizer utilization, mechanization production, benefit increasing, disaster warning, disease and insect controlling and government policy-making for broomcorn millet production.
文摘Significant quantities of slag are generated as waste material or by-product every day from steel industries. They usually contain considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. Transforming these solid wastes from one form to another to be reused either by the same production unit or by different industrial installation is very much essential not only for conserving metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment. The sustainable development concept requires a more efficient management of waste materials and preservation of environment. The paper presents the basic characteristics of slag, analyses and it＇s modification by incorporating some essential plant nutrients and the possibility of its application as fertilizer was studied.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41130750,70703033)'135' Strategic Development Planning Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2012135006)
文摘The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcG1S spatial analysis, including geomor- phologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spa- tial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment.
文摘Monoammonium phosphate （MAP） is produced from crude phosphoric acid which contains Fe （III）, AI （III） and Mg （II） ions. In general, the fertilizers MAP was obtained by including various heavy metal micronutrients （Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn）, fluorine and heavy metals considered toxic （Al and Cd） in. The long-continued application of phosphate fertilizers （MAP） and their by products can redistribute and elevate heavy metal and fluorine concentrations in soil profiles. However, they are subsequently transferred into the human food chain because of their availability to plants, mainly in acid soils. Thus, it is important to eliminate the impurities in MAP. Purified MAP is three times more expensive than the same product before purification and is commonly used in a number of applications such as flame proofing （building materials, pulp and paper） and agriculture. Purified MAP is a key ingredient in specialty all-soluble dry fertilizers, waste water-nutrient for biological purification, fermentation and biotechnology-nutrient. The procedure for purification of industrial MAP is a recrystallization, by using several mixtures of solvents. The physicochemical characterization of this fertilizer upstream and downstream from the purification, through spectroscopic analyses and chemical analyses, shows that recrystallization can eliminate impurities. The physicochemical properties of the purified MAP obtained by recrystallization are comparable to those of the MAP obtained with a pure phosphoric acid.
文摘Peculiar characteristics of soils of Zarafshan valley are salinity with carbonates. It is recommended to introduce large amount of manure or other organic fertilizers in these soils to improve soil reclamation. But currently there is no possibility to collect so many organic fertilizers in Uzbekistan. That is why other ways of production of organic fertilizers for improving soil fertility were searched. In the experiment, the influence of composts was studied, which prepared from tobacco wastes and manure on agrochemical properties of soils of Zarafshan valley, and production of composts from these industrial wastes, two salted with magnesium carbonates and yield-capacity of com. With the problems that exist in Uzbekistan can be solved at once. These include problems of environmental contamination through wastes and ensuring with organic fertilizers in the irrigated soils. Introduction of composts in the doze of 30 t.ha1 separately and on the background of mineral-NPK （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium） fertilizers increased the humus content, total NPK and mobile nutritious substances in soil. It is proved that composts, prepared from tobacco wastes with their effect on the yield capacity and quality ofcoru production, can successfully substitute manure. Composts positively influence on the balance of nutritious substances in the system of soil-corn.
