Multiphoton microscopy, relying on the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a fluorophore, has come to occupy a prominent place in modern biomedical research with its ability to allow real-time observatio...Multiphoton microscopy, relying on the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a fluorophore, has come to occupy a prominent place in modern biomedical research with its ability to allow real-time observation of a single cell and molecules in intact tissues. Multiphoton microscopy exhibits nonlinear optical contrast properties, which can make it possible to provide an exceptionally large depth penetration with less phototoxicity. This system becomes more and more an inspiring tool for a non-invasive imaging system to realize "optical biopsy" and to examine the functions of living cells. In this review, we briefly present the physical principles and properties of multiphoton microscopy as well as the current applications in biological fields. In addition, we address what we see as the future potential of multiphoton microscopy for gastroenterologic research.展开更多
Objective： To study the preparative method of controlled release microspheres incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and the bioaetivities of bFGF, which were released from bFGF mierospheres, on the cu...Objective： To study the preparative method of controlled release microspheres incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and the bioaetivities of bFGF, which were released from bFGF mierospheres, on the cultured Sehwann cells. Methods： bFGF was microcapsulated with the multiple emulsion encapsulative method using polylactic-coglycolic acid （PLGA） as coating material. Its morphology, particle size distribution, drug loading, enveloping rate and in vitro release property were studied. The cultured Schwann cells were grouped according to the different ingredients being added to the culture medium of bFGF group or bFGF-PLGA group. Then the cytometry, cytoactivity detection and mitotic cycle analysis of Schwann cells were performed. Results： The morphology and the particle size distribution of the bFGF-PLGA microspheres were even and good. The drug loading and enveloping rate of microspheres were （ 27.18×10^-3 ） % ± （0.51×10^-3） % and 66.43 % ± 1.24 %. The release property of microspheres in vitro was good and the overall release rate was 72. 47 % in 11 days. The in vitro cellular study showed that： at the first 2 days of plate culture, the cell number and viability of the bFGF group were statistically higher than the bFGF-PLGA group; at the 3rd and 4th days of plate culture, the cell number and viability of bFGF and bFGF-PLGA groups showed no difference; at the 6th and 8th days of the plate culture, the cell number and viability of the bFGF-PLGA group were statistically higher than the bFGF group. By flow eytometry examination, at the 2nd day of plate culture, the G2/M ＋ S percentage of bFGF group was statistically higher than the bFGF-PLGA group, at the 4th and 8th days of plate culture, the G2/M ＋ S percentage of the bFGF-PLGA group was statistically higher than the bFGF group. Conclusions： It is practical to prepare the bFGF- PLGA microspheres with the multiple emulsion eneapsulative method, bFGF-PLGA mierospheres can preserve the bioaetivities of bFGF effectively and promote the proliferation of Sehwann cells in a long period because of the controlled release of bFGF from the mierospheres.展开更多
文摘Multiphoton microscopy, relying on the simultaneous absorption of two or more photons by a fluorophore, has come to occupy a prominent place in modern biomedical research with its ability to allow real-time observation of a single cell and molecules in intact tissues. Multiphoton microscopy exhibits nonlinear optical contrast properties, which can make it possible to provide an exceptionally large depth penetration with less phototoxicity. This system becomes more and more an inspiring tool for a non-invasive imaging system to realize "optical biopsy" and to examine the functions of living cells. In this review, we briefly present the physical principles and properties of multiphoton microscopy as well as the current applications in biological fields. In addition, we address what we see as the future potential of multiphoton microscopy for gastroenterologic research.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 39970747）.
文摘Objective： To study the preparative method of controlled release microspheres incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and the bioaetivities of bFGF, which were released from bFGF mierospheres, on the cultured Sehwann cells. Methods： bFGF was microcapsulated with the multiple emulsion encapsulative method using polylactic-coglycolic acid （PLGA） as coating material. Its morphology, particle size distribution, drug loading, enveloping rate and in vitro release property were studied. The cultured Schwann cells were grouped according to the different ingredients being added to the culture medium of bFGF group or bFGF-PLGA group. Then the cytometry, cytoactivity detection and mitotic cycle analysis of Schwann cells were performed. Results： The morphology and the particle size distribution of the bFGF-PLGA microspheres were even and good. The drug loading and enveloping rate of microspheres were （ 27.18×10^-3 ） % ± （0.51×10^-3） % and 66.43 % ± 1.24 %. The release property of microspheres in vitro was good and the overall release rate was 72. 47 % in 11 days. The in vitro cellular study showed that： at the first 2 days of plate culture, the cell number and viability of the bFGF group were statistically higher than the bFGF-PLGA group; at the 3rd and 4th days of plate culture, the cell number and viability of bFGF and bFGF-PLGA groups showed no difference; at the 6th and 8th days of the plate culture, the cell number and viability of the bFGF-PLGA group were statistically higher than the bFGF group. By flow eytometry examination, at the 2nd day of plate culture, the G2/M ＋ S percentage of bFGF group was statistically higher than the bFGF-PLGA group, at the 4th and 8th days of plate culture, the G2/M ＋ S percentage of the bFGF-PLGA group was statistically higher than the bFGF group. Conclusions： It is practical to prepare the bFGF- PLGA microspheres with the multiple emulsion eneapsulative method, bFGF-PLGA mierospheres can preserve the bioaetivities of bFGF effectively and promote the proliferation of Sehwann cells in a long period because of the controlled release of bFGF from the mierospheres.
