A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian newts of the Tylototriton asperrimus group was generated using data from two mitochondrial fragments including COI and the ND1-ND2 regions. Four distinct clades （A, B, C, D） w...A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian newts of the Tylototriton asperrimus group was generated using data from two mitochondrial fragments including COI and the ND1-ND2 regions. Four distinct clades （A, B, C, D） were resolved with high nodal support within this monophyletic group. Clade A included T. asperrimus, T. hainanensis, T. notialis, ＂T. vietnamensis＂, and two unnamed salamander populations from Vietnam. Clade A, constituted the sister group of clades B ＋ C. Newly identified clade C likely represents a new cryptic species. Clade C was the sister group of T. wenxianensis. The true 7： vietnamensis exclusively constituted clade D. Our results bring into question some previous taxonomic decisions, and a revision is required. This study illustrates the necessity to include samples from type localities in taxonomic studies, and highlights the importance of fine-grained geographical sampling.展开更多
In order to actively respond to and earnestly implement the southsouth cooperation measuresannounced by President Xi Jinping at the South-South Cooperation Roundtable jointly held by the Chinese Government and the Uni...In order to actively respond to and earnestly implement the southsouth cooperation measuresannounced by President Xi Jinping at the South-South Cooperation Roundtable jointly held by the Chinese Government and the United Nations in December 2015,展开更多
The horrific Nanjing Massacre is burned into the pages of war history at home and abroad. Many fiction writers have made it their subject, but literary research on the issue is comparatively weak and does not go beyon...The horrific Nanjing Massacre is burned into the pages of war history at home and abroad. Many fiction writers have made it their subject, but literary research on the issue is comparatively weak and does not go beyond the analysis of individual works. This makes it desirable to conduct comprehensive research on the Nanjing Massacre in Chinese and overseas fiction from the perspective of the nation-state concept. Chinese, Japanese, overseas Chinese and Western writers have joined in narrating the Nanjing Massacre from different discourse standpoints. Some interpretations of the Japanese forces＇ brutality have focused on the terrible slaughter, while others have focused on rape. In terms of writing style, there are two approaches： writing from the eyes of the top brass and from the eyes of the foot soldier. Chinese writers＇ narratives of the massacre see it in terms of a calamity that aroused Chinese resistance. Conceptually, they differ in depicting the struggle as involving the nationalism of the whole people, class nationalism, and party political nationalism. Japanese writers＇ works include faithful descriptions and historical self-examination, but also engage in the spiritual slaughter of the Chinese people. Western writers and American writers of Chinese origin write fiction imbued with religious feelings and reflections on human nature and life.Their work is however flawed by Eurocentrism; they turn the massacre into a story of the West rescuing China. In recent years, biographies of the prostitutes of the Qinhuai River and works singing the praises of foreign missionaries have been at the forefront of narratives of the Nanjing Massacre. We should take heed of this and reflect on it.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST Grant 2011FY120200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31090100,30870281)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-Z-0807,KSCX2-EW-Z-2)the Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan province
文摘A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian newts of the Tylototriton asperrimus group was generated using data from two mitochondrial fragments including COI and the ND1-ND2 regions. Four distinct clades （A, B, C, D） were resolved with high nodal support within this monophyletic group. Clade A included T. asperrimus, T. hainanensis, T. notialis, ＂T. vietnamensis＂, and two unnamed salamander populations from Vietnam. Clade A, constituted the sister group of clades B ＋ C. Newly identified clade C likely represents a new cryptic species. Clade C was the sister group of T. wenxianensis. The true 7： vietnamensis exclusively constituted clade D. Our results bring into question some previous taxonomic decisions, and a revision is required. This study illustrates the necessity to include samples from type localities in taxonomic studies, and highlights the importance of fine-grained geographical sampling.
文摘In order to actively respond to and earnestly implement the southsouth cooperation measuresannounced by President Xi Jinping at the South-South Cooperation Roundtable jointly held by the Chinese Government and the United Nations in December 2015,
文摘The horrific Nanjing Massacre is burned into the pages of war history at home and abroad. Many fiction writers have made it their subject, but literary research on the issue is comparatively weak and does not go beyond the analysis of individual works. This makes it desirable to conduct comprehensive research on the Nanjing Massacre in Chinese and overseas fiction from the perspective of the nation-state concept. Chinese, Japanese, overseas Chinese and Western writers have joined in narrating the Nanjing Massacre from different discourse standpoints. Some interpretations of the Japanese forces＇ brutality have focused on the terrible slaughter, while others have focused on rape. In terms of writing style, there are two approaches： writing from the eyes of the top brass and from the eyes of the foot soldier. Chinese writers＇ narratives of the massacre see it in terms of a calamity that aroused Chinese resistance. Conceptually, they differ in depicting the struggle as involving the nationalism of the whole people, class nationalism, and party political nationalism. Japanese writers＇ works include faithful descriptions and historical self-examination, but also engage in the spiritual slaughter of the Chinese people. Western writers and American writers of Chinese origin write fiction imbued with religious feelings and reflections on human nature and life.Their work is however flawed by Eurocentrism; they turn the massacre into a story of the West rescuing China. In recent years, biographies of the prostitutes of the Qinhuai River and works singing the praises of foreign missionaries have been at the forefront of narratives of the Nanjing Massacre. We should take heed of this and reflect on it.
