Turbo-Based DNW Algorithm for Compressed Video in VLC Domain

In order to improve the robustness of the differential number watermarking (DNW) algorithm proposed by us before, we proposed turbo-based DNW (T-DNW) in which the turbo code was employed in the DNW algorithm. The turbo code was used to encode the message prior to watermark embedding and decode the watermark posterior to watermark detection. From the analysis and experiments, the following conclusion could be drawn. The T-DNW algorithm has little higher computational complexity than DNW. And both algorithms have the same performance in terms of watermark visual quality impact. Furthermore, the T-DNW algorithm is much more robust against some common attack than DNW. Although the T-DNW algorithm sacrifices a half payload, we think the achievements are encouraging.

A new semi-fragile watermarking algorithm for image authentication

This paper presents a new semi-fragile watermarking algorithm for image authentication which extracts image features from the low frequency domain to generate two watermarks: one for classifying of the intentional content modification and the other for indicating the modified location. The algorithm provides an effective mechanism for image authentication. The watermark generation and watermark embedment are disposed in the image itself, and the received image authentication needs no information about the original image or watermark. The algorithm increases watermark security and prevents forged watermark. Experimental results show that the algorithm can identify intentional content modification and incidental tampering, and also indicate the location where a modification takes place.

Direct Synthesis of Monodisperse Hollow Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Unfunctionalized SiO2 for the Recognition of Bisphenol A

A novel and effective approach was developed to synthesize monodisperse hollow molecularly imprinted polymers （MHMIPs） with unfunctionalized SiO2 spheres in a mixture of toluene and CH3CN. The factors that affected the synthesis of MHMIPs were systematically investigated. It was determined that a suitable ratio of toluene to CH3CN and the use of a functional monomer that can generate double H-bonding interactions were the critical factors to obtain MHMIPs with high uniformity and rnonodispersion. The obtained MHMIPs exhibited a fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity （270 μmol/g） for bisphenol A. As the shell thickness increased from 90 nm to 130 nm, the binding capacity of the imprinted shells decreased gradually. The relative selectivity coefficients of MHMIPs for tetra-brornobisphenol A （TBBPA）, phenol and p-tert-butylphenol （PTBP） were calculated as 1.53, 1.83 and 1.90, respectively. These findings indicate that MHMIPs have good adsorption performances and suggest applications in the selective removal or sensitive analysis of bisphenol A.

SEMI-FRAGILE WATERMARKING ALGORITHM FOR IMAGE TAMPERS LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY

Two watermarks are embedded into the original image. One is the authentication watermark generated by secret key, which is embedded into the sub-LSB （Least Significant Bit） of the original image for tamper localization; the other is the recovery watermark for tamper recovering. The original image is divided into 8 x 8 blocks and each block is transformed by Discrete Cosine Transform （DCT）. For each block, some lower frequency DCT coefficients are chosen to be quantized and binary encoded so as to gain the recovery watermark of each block, and the recovery watermark is embedded into the LSB of another block by chaos encryption and authentication chain technology. After the two watermarks being detected, the location of any minute changes in image can be detected, and the tampered image data can be recovered effectively. In the paper, the number of coefficients and their bit lengths are carefully chosen in order to satisfy with the payload of each block and gain the capability of self-recovering. The proposed algorithm can well resist against possible forged attacks. Experimental results show that the watermark generated by the proposed algorithm is sensitive to tiny changes in images, and it has higher accuracy of tamper localization and good capability of the tamper recovery.

An Authentication Technique Based on Classification

We present a novel watermarking approach based on classification for authentication, in which a watermark is embedded into the host image. When the marked image is modified, the extracted watermark is also different to the original watermark, and different kinds of modification lead to different extracted watermarks. In this paper, different kinds of modification are considered as classes, and we used classification algorithm to recognize the modifications with high probability. Simulation results show that the proposed method is potential and effective.

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Issue of Self-Knowledge in Sophocles＇ Oedipus Tyrannus, Shakespeare＇s Hamlet and the Bhagavadgita

Greek and Shakespearean tragic truth emerges from pollution, moral brokenness, and pain. This also applies to the tragic truth of the Indian epics, except that this karmic kind of truth is not considered decisive. Crucial in the Indian case is cosmic truth, and Hindu cosmic truth is never produced out of pollution or pain. In Arjuna＇s case, Krishna＇s revelatory knowledge is religiously saving knowledge, whereas in Oedipus＇ case, Apollo＇s and Teiresias＇ revelatory knowledge is religiously dooming knowledge. In Hamlet＇s case, religiously saving knowledge is an object of theological speculation and of philosophical doubt. In the Hindu case, self-knowledge means absolute knowledge and ultimate liberation; in the Greek case, self-knowledge means self-discovery and the recognition of human fragility; in the Shakespearean case, self-knowledge means self-exploration and doubting oneself.

A Review of Recent Knowledge on Raptor Species in Sumatra, Indonesia

A review of recent knowledge on raptor species in Sumatra （Indonesia） is discussed here. It summarized 34 raptor species recently known from Sumatra, updating previous 32 species. A total of 19 species was recorded resident in Sumatra, eight endemic subspecies, and 18 migratory species. The resident raptors in Sumatra have different breeding seasons. There are three raptors breeding in dry season, three between dry to rainy season, two raptors in rainy season and five raptors breeding between rainy to dry season. Most raptors in Sumatra breeds between rainy to dry season, consistent with major period of breeding season of bird in Sumatra. Four species have been listed as vulnerable and near threatened by IUCN. All Indonesian raptors have been protected by the Indonesian law. Therefore, this information will provide more significant recent knowledge of the raptor species in Sumatra to be used for updating the conservation status and preparing long term monitoring activities to support the conservation of Sumatran tropical forests.

Mozambique Ports in the 16th Century： Trade Routes, Changes, and Knowledge in the Indian Ocean Under Portuguese Rule

Arriving to the east African coast in the 16th century, Portuguese faced an important and well-structured commercial network dominated by Muslim merchants. Operating throughout the Indian Ocean and in articulation with the inland African trade routes by way of the coastal settlements from Bazaruto up to the north of Mozambique, this network bustled luxury goods and basic goods benefiting either from a network of inter-personal relationships and kinship that supported the whole business, or from an ancestral knowledge on the techniques and particular procedures indispensable to navigating in the Indian Ocean. This trade made the prosperity of small southern ports, like Sofala or Mozambique long before the Portuguese arrival. However, this trade was so much dependent on the network＇s capacity of organisation and the supply demand relation of the goods involved, as well as on other factors such as the political stability of the African kingdoms, the environmental changes that shaped flows and trade routes or the actual knowledge of the region and of the different forms of organization of local communities. By focusing in the ports of Sofala and Mozambique and the information provided by the Portuguese documents we intend to analyse its evolution during the 16th century in order to understand its role in the Indian Ocean commercial network under Portuguese rule.

Nursing students’knowledge and attitude toward diabetic ulcer care and their contributing factors in Indonesia

Objective:The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer in Indonesia is far greater than the global prevalence.Nursing students are expected to have good knowledge and positive attitudes regarding diabetic ulcer care in order to deliver high-quality wound care during clinical practice.This study aimed to assess nursing students’knowledge and attitudes toward diabetic ulcer care and to investigate the factors related to them.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 396 academic and clinical phases in three nursing schools in Indonesia from September 2021 to February 2022.Participants completed a survey including a questionnaire about knowledge and attitudes regarding diabetic ulcer care.The data were analyzed using a Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The results show that 43.2%(171/396)of nursing students had inadequate knowledge of diabetic ulcer care.However,88.9%(352/396)had a favorable attitude toward the topic.Nursing students lacked knowledge about the characteristics of diabetic ulcers,diabetic neuropathy,wound infection,and adjunctive therapy for diabetic ulcers,and many of them believe that diabetic ulcer care is too timeconsuming to carry out.Students in the clinical phase of their studies had significantly better knowledge than those in the academic phase(aOR=9.99,95%CI 4.96e20.08,P<0.001).Male nursing students were significantly less likely to have positive attitude toward the topic than female students(aOR=0.42,95%CI 0.19e0.96,P=0.048),and students accustomed to sharing with peers as a source of knowledge had better attitudes than those who were not(aOR=2.76,95%CI 1.40e5.41,P=0.003).Conclusion:Findings show that almost half of the nursing students have insufficient knowledge of diabetic ulcer care.Curriculum developers and educators need to improve the curriculum regarding diabetic wound care and provide strategic programs to improve students’knowledge and attitudes based on the factors discovered in this study.

Preparation and Aqueous Recognition of Metal Complex Imprinted Polymer Using N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as Functional Monomer

Using nickel（II） acetate.-2,2＇-dipyridyl complex as template and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone （NVP） as coordinate functional monomer,.a new kind of metal-compiexing template molecularly impnnted polymer （MIP） was prepared..The results of equilibri.um binding experiments in. aqueous solution showed that the MIP had higher＇binding capacity for nickel（ II ）-2,2＇-dipyridyl than the non-imprinted polymer with the same chemical composition. Theinfluences of metal ions and pHof solution on the recognition performance of MIP were investigated. The bindingcharacteristics of MIP were evaluated by the Scatchard analysis with one-site and two-site binding equations, respectively. The results on substrate selectivity of imprinted polymer revealed that MIP had better binding affinityfor template among thetested compounds.

Identification of the Epitopes of Monoclonal Antibodies against P74 of Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus

P74 is a per os infectivity factor of baculovirus.Here,we report the production of three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs),denoted as 20D9,20F9 and 21E1,raised against P74 of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV),and the identification of their recognition epitopes.The full-length P74,without the transmembrane domains at the C-terminus,was first divided into three segments (N,M and C,respectively),based on the proposed cleavage model for the protein,which were then expressed individually.Western blot analyses revealed specific cross-reactions with the N fragment,for both 20D9 and 21E1.Extensive truncation,followed by prokaryotic expression,of the P74 N fragment was then performed in order to screen for linear epitopes of P74.The recognition regions of 20D9 and 21E1 were revealed to be localized at R144-T153 and T199-C219,respectively.In addition,immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that 20D9 and 20F9 could recognize native P74 in HearNPV-infected cells.These findings will facilitate further investigations of the proteolytic processing of HearNPV P74,and of its involvement in virus-host interactions.

Vibriocidal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants Used by Nicobarese Tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

The aim of the study was to investigate the vibriocidal activity of crude extracts of 18 ethnomedicinal plants used by Nicobarese tribe. Plants were collected from the villages of Car Nicobar Island with the help of TKPs （traditional knowledge practitioners）. The methanol extracts were obtained by cold percolation method and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was observed by agar well diffusion method. Results indicated that out of 18 plants, seven plants exhibited vibriocidal activity. Morinda citrifolia, Ganophyllumfalcatum and Leea aequata were most active among the plants tested. This study thus can be further utilized to formulate the new antimicrobial agents to fight against Vibrio cholerae.

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the Views and Constructs for Knowledge Management in India

For a modem organization, KM （Knowledge Management） plays a critical role in terms of strategy development. Key determinants of KM lead to better understanding of various influences that enable and organisation to face competitors. For this reason, sharing and managing knowledge in an organization involves a series of activities that are related to the specific functional aspects of that organisation. In order to foster KM in an organisation, these functional aspects must be understood properly, and within the context of a given organisation, its geographical location and the cultural aspects of the given organisation. This was the premise on which this study was conducted with Indian organisations. A mixed method approach was used to understand the views of Indian region towards KM in this study, be selecting 400 participants in four major each cities. A second order regression model was built using Structural Equation Model to arrive at nine constructs that are relevant to KM in an organisation.

从松江冯承辉印风、交游试论开埠前海上印坛活动

活动于嘉庆、道光时期的松江印人冯承辉,诗书画印兼善,篆刻创作与印学理论皆能。创作了面目繁多的篆刻作品,并撰写了具有指导意义的理论著作《印学管见》。此外,冯承辉的《印识》也是继周亮工、汪启淑之后又一部重要的印人传著作,为后世研究嘉、道间上海及周边地区印人状况,留下了许多重要的印学史料。冯承辉篆刻成就突出、理论功底深厚,且交友众多,眼界开阔,印风多样,是嘉道时期海上印坛的杰出代表。透过冯承辉及其周边的松江印人,可以一窥开埠之前海上印坛状况。开埠前海上印坛株守晚明遗存,随着通商口岸的开放,江浙地区印人的大量涌入,为海上印坛注入了新鲜血液,印风面貌为之一新。冯承辉作为一个处在海上印坛历史转折点的关键人物,对他的研究当有典型意义。

Spring and autumn migration of the red-breasted flycatcher through the Kizilirmak delta, Turkey

The red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva is a small passerine bird that breeds in Eastern Europe and across central Asia and winters on the Indian subcontinent. Birds from the western extreme of the breeding range migrating to and from the wintering grounds utilise a large longitudinal component en route that is not typical of the majority of European passerines. Therefore, it is one of the lesser-known species in Europe with respect to migration and biometrics. The aim of this study is to describe the numbers, phenology and biometry of the red-breasted flycatcher in relation to age, sex and migration season at a stopover site in northern Turkey. The number of individuals ringed in autumn was six times higher than in the spring passage. Furthermore, the period of the spring passage was shorter than in autumn, and in spring males migrate six days earlier than fe- males and juveniles; no such differences were found in antumn. Moreover, migrants carried more fuel reserves in spring than in autumn and no differences were recorded in the length of stopover duration. The study underlines the importance of further re- search into passerine migration across Turkey to better understand the whole migratory system of movements of the Palaearctic migratory passerine populations