韩愈《原性》篇思想渊源探析

韩愈《原性》一篇,是其为申述儒家性情论以对抗佛教心性论而作。韩愈持性三品说,该文先谈及人性的由来、情的产生、性情的关系、五性说、七情说等问题,进而批判孟子性善论、荀子性恶论和扬雄性善恶混论,最后批判杂佛老而言性者。我们通过对相关文献和语境的解读,认为《原性》不仅吸收和部分改造了旧有的"性三品说",而且集中古人性论之大成。以往不少论者认为韩愈以"仁义礼智信"为性,并把它作为韩愈人性论的一个重要贡献。这种看法是对《原性》的误读,事实上韩愈并未以"仁义礼智信"为性。

Photocatalytic CO_(2)Reduction by Modified g-C_(3)N_(4)

The use of carbon-based fuels causes a significant increase in CO_(2)emissions,posing a serious threat to the environment.This review explores the potential application of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))in photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction as a strategy to mitigate global warming.The effectiveness of g-C_(3)N_(4)(gCN)in this process is hindered by several factors,including rapid exciton recombination,limited solar light absorption,and a lack of active sites for conducting the reduction.To address these challenges,various amendment techniques have been executed,such as adjusting the morphology of g-C_(3)N_(4),doping it with different atoms,and forming heterojunctions with other semiconductors.This review highlights the role of S-scheme heterojunctions in expanding the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4)and emphasizes that,despite its potential as a photocatalyst for CO_(2)reduction,further research and innovation are essential to overcome its current limitations.

First‑principles study on electronic structure,optical and magnetic properties of rare earth elements X(X=Sc,Y,La,Ce,Eu)doped with two‑dimensional GaSe

The electronic structure,magnetic,and optical properties of two-dimensional(2D)GaSe doped with rare earth elements X(X=Sc,Y,La,Ce,Eu)were calculated using the first-principles plane wave method based on den-sity functional theory.The results show that intrinsic 2D GaSe is a p-type nonmagnetic semiconductor with an indi-rect bandgap of 2.6611 eV.The spin-up and spin-down channels of Sc-,Y-,and La-doped 2D GaSe are symmetric,they are non-magnetic semiconductors.The magnetic moments of Ce-and Eu-doped 2D GaSe are 0.908μ_(B)and 7.163μ_(B),which are magnetic semiconductors.Impurity energy levels appear in both spin-up and spin-down chan-nels of Eu-doped 2D GaSe,which enhances the probability of electron transition.Compared with intrinsic 2D GaSe,the static dielectric constant of the doped 2D GaSe increases,and the polarization ability is strengthened.The ab-sorption spectrum of the doped 2D GaSe shifts in the low-energy direction,and the red-shift phenomenon occurs,which extends the absorption spectral range.The optical reflection coefficient of the doped 2D GaSe is improved in the low energy region,and the improvement of Eu-doped 2D GaSe is the most obvious.

Predicting the Degradability of Bioceramics through a DFT-based Descriptor

Bioceramics have attracted extensive attention for bone defect repair due to their excellent bioactivity and degradability.However,challenges remain in matching the rate between bioceramic degradation and new bone formation,necessitating a deeper understanding of their degradation properties.In this study,density functional theory(DFT)calculations was employed to explore the structural and electronic characteristics of silicate bioceramics.These findings reveal a linear correlation between the maximum isosurface value of the valence band maximum(VBM_(Fmax))and the degradability of silicate bioceramics.This correlation was subsequently validated through degradation experiments.Furthermore,the investigation on phosphate bioceramics demonstrates the potential of this descriptor in predicting the degradability of a broader range of bioceramics.This discovery offers valuable insights into the degradation mechanism of bioceramics and holds promise for accelerating the design and development of bioceramics with controllable degradation.

Rate and Cycling Performance of Ti and Cu Dopedβ-NaMnO_(2) as Cathode of Sodium-ion Battery

Sodium-ion batteries are economical and environmentally sustainable energy storage batteries.Among them,β-NaMnO_(2),a promising sodium-ion cathode material,is a manganese-based oxide with a corrugated laminar structure,which has attracted significant attention due to its structural robustness and relatively high specific capacity.However,it has short cycle life and poor rate capability.To address these issues,Ti atoms,known for enhancing structural stability,and Cu atoms,which facilitate desodiation,were doped intoβ-NaMnO_(2) by first-principles calculation and crystal orbital Hamilton population(COHP)analysis.β-NaMn_(0.8)Ti_(0.1)Cu_(0.1)O_(2) exhibits a notable increase in reversible specific capacity and remarkable rate properties.Operating at a current density of 0.2C(1C=219 mA·g^(–1))and within a voltage range of 1.8–4.0 V,the modified material delivers an initial discharge capacity of 132 mAh·g^(–1).After charge/discharge testing at current densities of 0.2C,0.5C,1C,3C,and 0.2C,the material still maintains a capacity of 110 mA h·g^(–1).The doping of Ti atoms slows down the changes in the crystal structure,resulting in only minimal variation in the lattice constant c/a during the desodiation process.Mn and Cu engage in reversible redox reactions at voltages below 3.0 V and around 3.5 V,respectively.The extended plateau observed in the discharge curve below 3.0 V signifies that Mn significantly contributes to the overall battery capacity.This study provides insights into modifyingβ-NaMnO_(2) as a cathode material,offering experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for enhancing battery performance in Na-ion batteries.

明道·传道·学道——研读韩愈教育名篇

韩愈一生以复兴儒学为己任,成为历史上的卫道巨擘。《原道》是韩愈复古崇儒、攘斥佛老的代表作,也是他儒学思想的纲领。在《原道》中他提出了"明先王之道"的教育宗旨;在《原性》中提出了他的"性三品说",作为学习仁义道德和"明先王之道"的理论依据;在《师说》中强调了儒家学者传道的意识与精神,以重振儒学之尊;在《进学解》中具体论述了学习儒家之道应有的态度和方法。他的教育思想蕴含着对教育活动的精微阐释,研读以上教育名篇,对我国当前的教育实践必有启发。

The Lone Pair Electrons in Post-Transition Metal and Their Contribution to Optical Response

The stereochemically active lone pairs around post-transition metal atoms play an important role in determining distorted lattice structure and optical response.The lone pair electrons are characterized by crystal orbitals,electron localization function(ELF)and partial density of states(PDOS).Birefringence is evaluated by means of a Born effective charge approach based on modern polarization theory.The origin of the different responses of birefringence and second-harmonic generation(SHG)is explored,as well as the effect of spin-orbit coupling(SOC)on the band structure and optical properties is explored.The study of this paper can help to deeply understand the lone pairs and their contribution to optical property.

A concept analysis of vicarious resilience in mental health nursing

Objective:The introduction of the vicarious resilience concept in psychology and mental health nursing literature is a highly promising advancement.By utilizing this novel concept,experts in various domains can enhance their comprehension of how to foster resilience in individuals by observing and learning from the resilience of others.This concept analysis aims to elucidate the concept of vicarious resilience in mental health nursing by defining its related attributes,antecedents,and consequences.Methods:Walker and Avant’s strategy for concept analysis method was used.This review specifically examined mental health nurse providers.A comprehensive literature search was performed in the PubMed,Medline,the Cochrane Library,and CINAHL databases.The inclusion criterion was Englishlanguage documents on vicarious resilience within mental health nursing.Results:A total of 24 articles were included.The concept’s attributes were empathy,hope,resourcefulness,awareness,and spirituality.Antecedents were associated with listening to patients’trauma narratives,self-care,self-awareness,and support from colleagues.Consequences were enhanced well-being,changes in life goals,adaptation,personal growth,and increased personal resilience.Currently,there is only one tool in the empirical reference.Conclusion:Interpreting the concept of vicarious resilience in mental health nursing and determining its characteristics can be utilized to design nursing interventions to develop vicarious resilience and enhance the quality of care in mental health facilities.

Insights into the Development of Copper-based Photocatalysts for CO_(2) Conversion

Utilizing sunlight as a renewable energy source,photocatalysis offers a potential solution to global warming and energy shortages by converting CO_(2) into useful solar fuels,including CO,CH4,CH3OH,and C2H5OH.Among the various formulations investigated,copper-based photocatalysts stand out as particularly appealing for CO_(2) conversion due to their cost-effectiveness and higher abundance in comparison to catalysts based on precious metals.This literature review provides a thorough summary of the latest developments in copper-based photocatalysts used for CO_(2) reduction reactions,including metallic copper,copper oxide,and cuprous oxide photocatalysts.The review also provides a categorical summary of the CO_(2) reduction products and a detailed categorical discussion of the means of modulation and modification of each copper-based catalyst.Finally,this review highlights the existing challenges and proposes future research directions in the development of copper-based photocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction,focusing on boosting energy utilization and improving product formation rates.

Skin care efficacy study of recombinant humanized collagen based on in vitro level

Studying the skin care efficacy of recombinant humanized collagen based on in vitro level.The stability of the recombinant humanized collagen was first analyzed by treating at different temperatures,then its skincare efficacy based on in vitro level was evaluated by detecting the inhibition rate of elastase,the inhibition rate of collagenase,the protein content of type I collagen in human fibroblasts,the inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)with human keratinocytes,and the effects of the recombinant humanized collagen on the expression of hyaluronic acid(HA),filaggrin(FLG)and transglutaminase 1(TGM1)in keratinocytes.The results showed that recombinant humanized collagen was able to maintain stability at temperatures below 70℃.With regard to its skincare efficacy,recombinant humanized collagen could inhibit elastase and collagenase activities and promote the increase of type I collagen content in human fibroblasts.It also showed good inhibition of ROS in keratinocytes in vitro and could increase the expression of HA,FLG,and TGM1 in keratinocytes.In short,the recombinant humanized collagen exhibited a favourable skin care effect in vitro level.This study proved that it has potential firming,anti-wrinkle,moisturizing,and repairing efficacy,and is a valuable cosmetic raw material.

Mechano-chemical sulfidization of zinc oxide by grinding with sulfur and reductive additives

A novel process for sulfidation of ZnO by co-grinding with sulfur and reductive additives （P, Fe, A1, and Mg） was developed. The sulfidation extent of ZnO with the addition of P, Fe, A1 or Mg can reach 85.2%, 81.6%, 96.7% and 92.6% after grinding for 4, 6, 1 and 1 h, respectively. Based on the chemical phase composition analysis and morphological characteristics of sulfidized products by XRD, SEM and TEM, a possible reaction mechanism, mechanically induced self-propagating reaction （MSR）, was proposed to explain the sulfidization reaction. In addition, the floatability of sulfidized products was investigated for the recovery of metal sulfide and ZnS can be concentrated with a high concentration ratio and concentrate grade. By using the sulfidizing process, it is expected that the recovery of zinc from the wastes or purification of heavy-metal-containing hazardous residues is technically feasible.

Physiological Responses of Yixing Lily Leaf and Bulb to Drought Stress

[Objective]To explore an effective method for evaluating drought resistance of Yixing lily and provide a reference for selecting drought-resistant Yixing lily varieties. [Method]Through artificial simulation of drought stress environment,the changes of physiological indexes,such as content of proline,malonaldehyde,and reducing sugar in Yixing lily leaf and bulb were observed,when soil water content changed. [Result]The response to drought stress of the Yixing lily leaf was greater than that of the bulb,and the content of the proline and malonaldehyde was higher than that of the reducing sugar. [Conclusion]The leaves as an appropriate material for evaluation and analysis on drought resistance can better reflect the physiological responses of Yixing lily to drought stress. And the content of the malonaldehyde and that of proline are preferable indexes.

First principles calculation of intermetallic compounds in FeTiCoNiVCrMnCuAl system high entropy alloy

The structural, electronic and elastic properties of common intermetallic compounds in FeTiCoNiVCrMnCuAI system high entropy alloy were investigated by the first principles calculation. The calculation results of formation enthalpy and cohesive energy show that FeTi, Fe2Ti, AlCrFe2, Co2Ti, AlMn2V and Mn2Ti phases may form in the formation process of the alloy. Further studies show that FeTi, FezTi, AlCrFe2, Co2Ti and AlMn2V phases with higher shear modulus and elastic modulus would be excellent strengthening phases in high entropy alloy and would improve the hardness of the alloy. In addition, the partial density of states was investigated for revealing the bonding mode, and the analyses on the strength of p-d hybridization also reveal the underlying mechanism for the elastic properties of these compounds.

First-principles Study on Neutral Nitrogen Impurities in Zinc Oxide

The atomic geometries, electronic structures, and formation energies of neutral nitrogen im- purities in ZnO have been investigated by first-principles calculations. The nitrogen impuri- ties are always deep acceptors, thus having no contributions to p-type conductivity. Among all the neutral nitrogen impurities, nitrogen substituting on an oxygen site has the lowest formation energy and the shallowest acceptor level, while nitrogen .substituting on a zinc site has the second-lowest formation energy in oxygen-rich conditions. Nitrogen interstitials are unstable at the tetrahedral site and spontaneously relax into a kick-out configuration. Though nitrogen may occupy the octahedral site, the concentrations will be low for the high formation energy. The charge density distributions in various doping cases are discussed, and self-consistent results are obtained.

Utilization of nickel slag using selective reduction followed by magnetic separation

In order to utilize slag discarded by nickel plants, the selective recovery of nickel and copper versus iron was investigated by selective reduction, which was achieved by controlling the reduction parameters and magnetic separation process on bench scale. The results show that increasing the basicity （mass ratio of CaO to SIO2） of nickel slag facilitates the enrichment of nickel and copper The process parameters for selective reduction were optimized as follows： basicity of 0.15, reducing at 1200 ~C for 20 min, 5% coal on a dried slag mass base. The grinding-magnetic separation results of reduced briquettes show that concentrate containing 3.25%Ni, 1.20%Cu and 75.26%Fe is obtained and selective enrichment is achieved with a recovery of 82.20%, 80.00% for nickel and copper respectively, while the recovery of iron is only 42.17%. The S and P contents are not reduced obviously and further research may be needed to examine the behaviors of S and P in the process.

Flexible free-standing graphene-like film electrode for supercapacitors by electrophoretic deposition and electrochemical reduction

Electrophoretic deposition in conjunction with electrochemical reduction was used to make flexible free-standing graphene-like films. Firstly, graphene oxide （GO） film was deposited on graphite substrate by electrophoretic deposition method, and then reduced by subsequent electrochemical reduction of GO to obtain reduced GO （ERGO） film with high electrochemical performance. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the prepared graphene-like film were confirmed by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. These unique materials were found to provide high specific capacitance and good cycling stability. The high specific capacitance of 254 F/g was obtained from cyclic voltammetry measurement at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. When the current density increased to 83.3 A/g, the specific capacitance values still remained 132 F/g. Meanwhile, the high powder density of 39.1 kW/kg was measured at energy density of 11.8 W-h/kg in 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution. Furthermore, at a constant scan rate of 50 mV/s, 97.02% of its capacitance was retained for 1000 cycles. These promising results were attributed to the unique assembly structure of graphene film and low contact resistance, which indicated their potential application to electrochemical capacitors.

First principles investigation of binary intermetallics in Mg-Al-Ca-Sn alloy:Stability,electronic structures,elastic properties and thermodynamic properties

The structural stability, electronic structures, elastic properties and thermodynamic properties of the main binary phases Mg_（17）Al_（12）, Al_2Ca, Mg_2 Sn and Mg_2 Ca in Mg-Al-Ca-Sn alloy were determined from the first-principles calculation. The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental and literature values. The calculated heats of formation and cohesive energies show that Al_2Ca has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability. The densities of states（DOS）, Mulliken electron occupation number, metallicity and charge density difference of these compounds are given. The elastic constants of Mg_（17）Al_（12）, Al_2Ca, Mg_2 Sn and Mg_2 Ca phases are calculated, and the bulk moduli, shear moduli, elastic moduli and Poisson ratio are derived. The calculations of thermodynamic properties show that the Gibbs free energies of Al_2Ca and Mg_2 Sn are lower than that of Mg_（17）Al_（12）, which indicates that Al_2Ca and Mg_2 Sn are more stable than Mg_（17）Al_（12） phase. Hence, the heat resistance of Mg-Al-based alloys can be improved by adding Ca and Sn additions.

A first-principle calculation of structural,mechanical and electronic properties of titanium borides

The first-principle calculations are performed to investigate the structural,mechanical and electronic properties of titanium borides （Ti2B,TiB and TiB2）.Those calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data and previous theoretical values.All these borides are found to be mechanically stable at ambient pressure.Compared with parent metal Ti （120 GPa）,the larger bulk modulus of these borides increase successively with the increase of the boron content in three borides,which may be due to direction bonding introduced by the boron atoms in the lattice and the strong covalent Ti-B bonds.Additionally,TiB can be regarded as a candidate of incompressible and hard material besides TiB2.Furthermore,the elastic anisotropy and Debye temperatures are also discussed by investigating the elastic constants and moduli.Electronic density of states and atomic Mulliken charges analysis show that chemical bonding in these titanium borides is a complex mixture of covalent,ionic,and metallic characters.

A first-principles study on elastic properties and stability of Ti_xV_(1-x)C multiple carbide

The structure,stability and elastic properties of di-transition-metal carbides TixV1-xC were investigated by using the first-principles with a pseudopotential plane-waves method.The results show that the equilibrium lattice constants of TixV1-xC show a nearly linear reduction with increasing addition of V.The elastic properties of TixV1-xC are varied by doping with V.The bulk modulus of Ti0.5V0.5C is larger than that of pure TiC,as well as Ti0.5V0.5C has the largest C44 among TixV1-xC（0≤x≤1）,indicating that Ti0.5V0.5C has higher hardness than pure TiC.However,Ti0.5V0.5C presents brittleness based on the analysis of ductile/brittle behavior.The Ti0.5V0.5C carbide has the lowest formation energy,indicating that Ti0.5V0.5C is more stable than all other alloys.

Identification and Pathogen Characteristics Analysis of a Co-infection with CSFV,PRRSV and PCV2

[Objective] The aim of this study was to identify swine diseases caused by CSFV,PRRSV and PCV2 and thus to analyze its pathogeny chracteristics.[Method] The tissues and viscera of the diseased swine were collected from Xiangtan of Hunan(Code of HN/XT)to extract DNA and RNA for PCR amplification and sequencing.Meanwhile,the virulent strains were isolated and identified by cell separation technology.[Result] The sequencing analysis results showed that the amino acid homology between CSFV,PRRSV,PCV2 and sequen...