The purpose of the present paper is to suggest an uncommon perspective on the artistic heritage usually called ＂classical music＂. The large prestige of this repertoire, in fact, often goes along with a distorted per...The purpose of the present paper is to suggest an uncommon perspective on the artistic heritage usually called ＂classical music＂. The large prestige of this repertoire, in fact, often goes along with a distorted perception of a number of very important features that tend to be underrated, discarded or not taken in the due consideration by the public. Only recently has musicology paid attention to the danger of this stereotyped vision of classical music, regarded as a sort of temple of seriousness, or as a kingdom where an alleged harmony reigns unchallenged. The topic of this article is precisely the other side of classical music, which also turns out to be a world torn by conflict and filled with artistic tension, where things do not always add up. To support this standpoint, a number of very well-known pieces are considered, paying attention to their less reassuring features. Thus, compositions that seemed to be familiar show a complex and disturbing expressive texture. As a result, a widespread listening attitude finds reasonable grounds for being changed： Instead of languidly leaning back into the armchair with closed eyes, the unbiased listener is requested by the music itself to keep its eyes wide open.展开更多
The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides ...The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides and often flout the norms of the society by their divine madness. Etymologically, the word derives from Sanskrit, ＂vatula＂ （meaning one who is affected by the wind disease or is mad）, or ＂vyakula＂ （meaning restless or disordered）. In recent years however, Bauls have been recognized as a religious sect, yet the connotation of madness still clings to their reputation. This paper is going to discuss briefly how the Baul tradition developed in Bengal and then focus on the Baul philosophy in the Baul-gan texts and on their musical appeal. Many of the Baul-gans have had profound influence on other forms of music. Closely associated with the Baul sangeet is the Bhatiali music whose rhythm, has often won the hearts of many classical musicians. Often times the classical musicians have been found to render the ektatra or dotara sounds in their improvisations. Rabindranath Tagore too has used some of the Baul maestro, Lalon Fakir＇s lyrics, philosophy as well as music in many of his songs. More recently, Baul songs have been rendered through fusion bands or experimental music.展开更多
The long-term memory for musical keys of familiar melodies was investigated. An experiment was conducted focusing on memory strength, music familiarity, and key transposition using musical pieces. Participants were ei...The long-term memory for musical keys of familiar melodies was investigated. An experiment was conducted focusing on memory strength, music familiarity, and key transposition using musical pieces. Participants were eighty-one Japanese undergraduate and graduate students. Eight were absolute pitch （AP） possessors and seventy-three were non-AP possessors. Two pieces of well-known classical music were selected as stimuli. These pieces were played in seven different keys： One was an original key and the other six were transposed keys in which the linear distance and harmonic distance were varied. Participants rated their strength of long-term memory for a particular segment of well-known music by comparing it with their memory of this piece. Importantly they were not required to identify the musical key of the melody. Results indicated that the strength of memory for these musical segments depended mainly on the pitch range associated with the transposed piece and partially on its key. We discussed participants＇ memory of melodies in the light of linear distance between original and transposed keys, harmonic distance between these factors, and the possibility of absolute tonality.展开更多
The article deals with musical heritage of some Orient cultures, joint singing as one of the main part of music art from ancient time to nowadays. The measure reflecting live process of national musical art is a perfo...The article deals with musical heritage of some Orient cultures, joint singing as one of the main part of music art from ancient time to nowadays. The measure reflecting live process of national musical art is a performing practice. Makom is the most example of Uzbek classical musical heritage. The art of singing plays considerable role in culture of Uzbek national music. On the basis of classical singing the following singing directions as ＂Folk singing＂ （yallachilik）, ＂Classical singing＂ （mumtoz yallachilik）, ＂Grand Song＂ （katta ashulachilik） and ＂Art of Makom＂ singing forms were formulated and developed. Greatest representatives of Margilan School of singing.展开更多
China＇s outstanding achievements in music education are all the more impressive in view of its relatively late start.Chinese musicians such as Tan Dun,Yo Yo Ma and Bright Sheng that have established their eminence wi...China＇s outstanding achievements in music education are all the more impressive in view of its relatively late start.Chinese musicians such as Tan Dun,Yo Yo Ma and Bright Sheng that have established their eminence within Western classical music circles may soon be competing with those currently winning awards in major international music competitions.展开更多
Concentration of salivary nitrate is approximately 10-fold to that of serum. Many circumstances such as acute stress could promote salivary nitrate secretion and nitrite formation. However, whether other conditions ca...Concentration of salivary nitrate is approximately 10-fold to that of serum. Many circumstances such as acute stress could promote salivary nitrate secretion and nitrite formation. However, whether other conditions can also be used as regulators of salivary nitrate/nitrite has not yet been explored. The present study was designed to determine the influence of exposure to different music on the salivary flow rate and nitrate secretion and nitrite formation. Twenty-four undergraduate students(12 females and 12 males) were exposed to silence, rock music, classical music or white noise respectively on four consecutive mornings. The unstimulated salivary flow rate and stimulated salivary flow rate were measured. Salivary ionic(Na+, Ca2+Cl-,and PO3-4) content and nitrate/nitrite levels were detected. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly increased after classical music exposure compared to that after silence. Salivary nitrite levels were significantly higher upon classical music and white noise stimulation than those under silence in females. However, males were more sensitive only to white noise with regard to the nitrite increase. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that classical music stimulation promotes salivary nitrite formation and an increase in saliva volume was observed. These observations may play an important role in regulating oral function.展开更多
文摘The purpose of the present paper is to suggest an uncommon perspective on the artistic heritage usually called ＂classical music＂. The large prestige of this repertoire, in fact, often goes along with a distorted perception of a number of very important features that tend to be underrated, discarded or not taken in the due consideration by the public. Only recently has musicology paid attention to the danger of this stereotyped vision of classical music, regarded as a sort of temple of seriousness, or as a kingdom where an alleged harmony reigns unchallenged. The topic of this article is precisely the other side of classical music, which also turns out to be a world torn by conflict and filled with artistic tension, where things do not always add up. To support this standpoint, a number of very well-known pieces are considered, paying attention to their less reassuring features. Thus, compositions that seemed to be familiar show a complex and disturbing expressive texture. As a result, a widespread listening attitude finds reasonable grounds for being changed： Instead of languidly leaning back into the armchair with closed eyes, the unbiased listener is requested by the music itself to keep its eyes wide open.
文摘The Bauls or the fakirs of Bengal have been unacknowledged prophets even a century back, till the recent interest now in their music, philosophy, and performance. The Bauls do not revere class/caste/religious divides and often flout the norms of the society by their divine madness. Etymologically, the word derives from Sanskrit, ＂vatula＂ （meaning one who is affected by the wind disease or is mad）, or ＂vyakula＂ （meaning restless or disordered）. In recent years however, Bauls have been recognized as a religious sect, yet the connotation of madness still clings to their reputation. This paper is going to discuss briefly how the Baul tradition developed in Bengal and then focus on the Baul philosophy in the Baul-gan texts and on their musical appeal. Many of the Baul-gans have had profound influence on other forms of music. Closely associated with the Baul sangeet is the Bhatiali music whose rhythm, has often won the hearts of many classical musicians. Often times the classical musicians have been found to render the ektatra or dotara sounds in their improvisations. Rabindranath Tagore too has used some of the Baul maestro, Lalon Fakir＇s lyrics, philosophy as well as music in many of his songs. More recently, Baul songs have been rendered through fusion bands or experimental music.
文摘The long-term memory for musical keys of familiar melodies was investigated. An experiment was conducted focusing on memory strength, music familiarity, and key transposition using musical pieces. Participants were eighty-one Japanese undergraduate and graduate students. Eight were absolute pitch （AP） possessors and seventy-three were non-AP possessors. Two pieces of well-known classical music were selected as stimuli. These pieces were played in seven different keys： One was an original key and the other six were transposed keys in which the linear distance and harmonic distance were varied. Participants rated their strength of long-term memory for a particular segment of well-known music by comparing it with their memory of this piece. Importantly they were not required to identify the musical key of the melody. Results indicated that the strength of memory for these musical segments depended mainly on the pitch range associated with the transposed piece and partially on its key. We discussed participants＇ memory of melodies in the light of linear distance between original and transposed keys, harmonic distance between these factors, and the possibility of absolute tonality.
文摘The article deals with musical heritage of some Orient cultures, joint singing as one of the main part of music art from ancient time to nowadays. The measure reflecting live process of national musical art is a performing practice. Makom is the most example of Uzbek classical musical heritage. The art of singing plays considerable role in culture of Uzbek national music. On the basis of classical singing the following singing directions as ＂Folk singing＂ （yallachilik）, ＂Classical singing＂ （mumtoz yallachilik）, ＂Grand Song＂ （katta ashulachilik） and ＂Art of Makom＂ singing forms were formulated and developed. Greatest representatives of Margilan School of singing.
文摘China＇s outstanding achievements in music education are all the more impressive in view of its relatively late start.Chinese musicians such as Tan Dun,Yo Yo Ma and Bright Sheng that have established their eminence within Western classical music circles may soon be competing with those currently winning awards in major international music competitions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81400527, 91649124, 81300896)the Beijing Municipality Government (Beijing Scholar Program PXM2016_014226_000034, PXM2016_014226_000006, PXM2015_014226_000116, PXM2015_ 014226_000055, PXM2015_014226_000052, PXM2014_014226_000048, PXM2014_014226_000013, PXM2014_014226_000053, Z121100005212004, PXM2013_014226_000055, PXM2013_014226_000021, PXM2013_014226_07_000080 and TJSHG201310025005), the 2016 QNRC001 Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (2016 QNRC001)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (QML20151402)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7142069)Beijing NOVA program (2015B062 to Junji Xu)
文摘Concentration of salivary nitrate is approximately 10-fold to that of serum. Many circumstances such as acute stress could promote salivary nitrate secretion and nitrite formation. However, whether other conditions can also be used as regulators of salivary nitrate/nitrite has not yet been explored. The present study was designed to determine the influence of exposure to different music on the salivary flow rate and nitrate secretion and nitrite formation. Twenty-four undergraduate students(12 females and 12 males) were exposed to silence, rock music, classical music or white noise respectively on four consecutive mornings. The unstimulated salivary flow rate and stimulated salivary flow rate were measured. Salivary ionic(Na+, Ca2+Cl-,and PO3-4) content and nitrate/nitrite levels were detected. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly increased after classical music exposure compared to that after silence. Salivary nitrite levels were significantly higher upon classical music and white noise stimulation than those under silence in females. However, males were more sensitive only to white noise with regard to the nitrite increase. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that classical music stimulation promotes salivary nitrite formation and an increase in saliva volume was observed. These observations may play an important role in regulating oral function.
