《古论》、《齐论》与《鲁论》考述

汉初,《论语》出现了不同的传本,最著名的就是《古论语》《、齐论语》和《鲁论语》。三《论》在出现的先后次序上是《齐论》《、鲁论》的出现要晚于《古论》。在内容、篇次、文字的异同上:《鲁论》与《古论》除篇次不同外,篇目、内容大体相同;《齐论》比《鲁论》和《古论》多“问王”“、知道”二篇,其他20篇中“细章文句”也多于《鲁论》和《古论》;在都有的20篇中,《齐论》《、鲁论》的篇次相同。在源流上,三《论》同源而异流。

《鲁论》、《齐论》比《古论》出现得早——与唐明贵先生商榷

据东汉赵岐《孟子题辞》记载,汉文帝时已置《论语》博士,说明汉初《论语》已经存在,陆贾《新语》、董仲舒《春秋繁露》及其对策对《论语》的引用也说明了这一点。《论语》在汉初已出现,汉初鲁学、齐学并盛,故在这一历史时间已存在鲁学《论语》、齐学《论语》了,只是期间《论语》无定名,从而也无《鲁论》、《齐论》之称,但无名而实存的《鲁论》、《齐论》比《古论》出现得早。

读陈亮《酌古论》——一部研究古代战争史的科学著作

陈亮是南宋著名思想家、文学家,也是南宋中期著名抗金派代表人物,一位卓越的军事理论家,《酌古论》可谓其军事理论的典型代表作。从内容和作用上看,《酌古论》通过对历史人物军事活动的分析,把兵书和史书结合起来,从中吸取经验教训,为当时抗金的现实斗争服务,是进步的,爱国的。陈亮在《酌古论》中提出了政治决定战争胜负的原则、战争服从于战略的原则、战术的制定必基于"善量彼己之势"的原则和国内战争应当自力更生不借外援的经验教训,在研究战争和战争史上做出了重要贡献。

J. M. Keynes＇ paradox： The saving glut

The present paper offers an opportunity to explore Keynes＇ contribution to our understanding of crisis by returning to him seminal contribution in the theory of the effective demand. The analysis contrasts this approach with the neoclassical orthodoxy regarding the theory of the interest rate and the relation between saving and investment. The author poses the fundamental question： Can a policy of stimulating saving promote investment？ By using the ＂Saving Paradox＂ presented in chapter sixteen, as a framework for interpreting Bernanke＇s description of the saving glut and the current account deficit of the U.S. economy, the author offers an answer that is useful for understanding the current situation. The author also shows how moral hazard plays a significant role in the current crisis.

Logic paradox under current corporate finance

The current corporate finance is based on the theory framework of new classical economics. Therefore, the main contents such as free cash flow, NPV method and capital structure decision-making are still based on the balanced price of product and capital markets, they still can＇t reflect the essential character of corporation. The logic paradox, causes the current corporate finance study under a more and more embarrassing circumstance in the front of enterprise financial management practice, with the feature of value management.

Love in Plato＇s The Symposium Contrasted with the Christian Concept of Love

This paper will discuss Plato＇s view of love in The Symposium, in particular the arguments presented by the Diotima character, but not neglecting all the other views of love presented therein. The paper, as the title indicates, will be confined to a comparison and evaluation of Platonic love against love as articulated within Christianity. Both forms of love will be analyzed and I will attempt to show that although Plato, through Socrates （and Socrates through the Diotima character）, tries to redeem the traditional understanding of love in the ancient Greek society that he was living in, Platonic love is still very different from the Christian concept of love.

The Mereology of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

Mereology （from the Greek μεpoζ） is the branch of ontology which studies the relations of part to whole and the relations of part to part within a whole. The roots of mereology can be traced back to the earliest ancient Greek philosophers （the Presocratics）, Plato, and Aristotle. The mereological approach of the Stoic philosophers in the 1 Roman Empire, however, has been neglected. In this paper, the author offers a sketch of how the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius Antoninus used mereology in the collection of brief, occasionally cryptic memoranda and self-exhortations which tradition has dubbed the Meditations. The thesis is that Marcus＇ account of parts and wholes is such a prevalent theme throughout this work because mereological analyses provide him an understanding of what he is, what the cosmos is and how it works, and the purposes of all rational beings, both as agents in the social community and as citizens of the state. That is, the conceptual power and explanatory flexibility of mereology enable Marcus to reason to conclusions about ontology, the nature of a human person, ethical ideals, and a political worldview. As a consequence, a good grasp of Marcus＇ mereology provides a clear and detailed overview of a wide swath of the philosophical terrain in his Meditations.

Classical Hollywood as an Epistemological Network

Perhaps no other medium has been described, analyzed, and understood in relation to other media as much as film has been. Theatre, photography, and magic provided a framework for understanding the intermediality of film as an exchange between people, objects, and techniques. In what follows the author shall leave aside the peculiarities of these entities, and shall instead regard them as equivalent containers of knowledge--a reduction that resembles Bruno Latour＇s concept of an ontological symmetry of human and non-human actors （Latour, 1996）. The attempt to describe Hollywood around 1930 as an epistemological network raises the questions of how much external knowledge was necessary and how much was digestible to support the development of a relatively young medium like film at that time？ The author shall claim that Hollywood progressively excluded external ＂actors＂ and therefore was forced to establish its own structures in order to compensate this loss or integrate knowledge on its own terms. The factor that most people working in the industry did not have higher or specialized education proved to be favorable for achieving independence. Autonomy here means self-referentiality as opposed to intermediality.

Plotinian Methodology and Hermeneutics： Philosophy or History of Philosophy？

The present paper has a double aim： （1） it attempts to present an aspect of Plotinus＇ philosophical and hermeneutical methodology on the basis of relevant remarks in the treatise ＂On Eternity and Time＂; （2） it seeks to connect this attitude with contemporary methodological questions concerning the relation between philosophy and history of philosophy. After an introduction where it is emphasized that the term ＂Neo-Platonism＂ is of recent coinage, I exploit David Sedley＇s remarks regarding the function of ancient philosophical schools： the quest for the ＂correct＂ interpretation of the school＇s founder as a philosophical enterprise in itself is not an exclusively Neoplatonic characteristic. Nonetheless, the example of Plotinus＇ Enneads III.7, owing to the complexity of its theme, shows that Plotinus does not pay attention only to the Platonic teachings regarding eternity and time, but also to all the other philosophical schools＇ theories, including the Epicurean. The aim is the ascertainment of the truth inherent in them and its apt interpretation. Hence, I follow Steven K. Strange （1950-2009）, who relates the Plotinian methodology to Aristotle＇s endoxic method. After a presentation of similarities and differences between the two philosophers, I conclude that the problematic features posed by several philosophical theories are resolved via an innovative Plotinian reading of Plato. Thus, the non-Platonic theories play a role in the more adequate interpretation of Plato, which is identified with the successful answer to the philosophical problems. This fact makes us wonder as to the best characterization of Plotinus＇ enterprise： philosophy or history of philosophy？ Although the question is somehow anachronistic, Plotinus gives an explicit response in his aforementioned tractate： to the extent that he is interested in solving philosophical problems, rather than compiling a ＂catalogue＂ of past philosophical positions, his enterprise is not historical, but philosophical. Two final corollaries stem from this： （i） to a certain extent, the previous enunciation explains the Neoplatonic reading of Plato; （ii） it teaches us that the difference between philosophizing and a historical treatment of philosophy does not lie only on the content, but also on the manner according to which the interpreter approaches past or contemporary philosophers.

Noether-Lie Symmetry of Generalized Classical Mechanical Systems

In this paper, the Noether Lie symmetry and conserved quantities of generalized classical mechanical system are studied. The definition and the criterion of the Noether Lie symmetry for the system under the general infinitesimal transformations of groups are given. The Noether conserved quantity and the Hojman conserved quantity deduced from the Noether Lie symmetry are obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

从古文到有用文字:《古文关键》之“关键”与经典重塑

吕祖谦在突破《精骑》片段选文的困境后,于淳熙元年完成选录古文经典的《古文关键》,成为评点类选本的开山之作。《丽泽文说》与《总论》互有出入,都是吕祖谦与弟子谈文之际见解的笔录,但与《古文关键》没有直接附属关系。《古文关键》之前所附的《要法》,则是《总论》的精简整理本,反映了弟子笔录的条目与《古文关键》相配合的过程。《古文关键》创造性地将标抹符号与文章剖析相结合,开创了要法、总评、尾评、夹评相结合的评注形式,提揭大量时文结构术语,引领了文章评点风气。其立柱一说,是“段子”文字在文章结构上的形式呈现,构成八股文“四比”体式的滥觞。吕祖谦根据科举应试需要,标举“关键”,强调格法,以评点的形式,将古文经典重塑为“有用文字”。狭义的“关键”为章句组织方面的紧要之处与其间奥妙之法,广义的“关键”即“文诀”。吕祖谦文章学思想的新锐性与系统性,使他成为文章学成立时期的中心人物。

林泰辅与唐兰:中日古文字学现代理论初次建构——以新发现《中国文字源流》稿本(1907)为核心

日本林泰辅东京大学博士学位论文《中国文字源流》稿本(1907)的发现,带来了人们对中日古文字学现代理论体系形成过程的新认识。中国唐兰的《古文字学导论》(1934)是中国古文字现代理论体系的标志性成果之一。比较二者之间创新性观点,比如林泰辅将中国文字分为篆体时代与隶楷时代、提出象形、指事两大造字“纲领”说、古文字变迁三期说、“字形比较法”、从地域差异角度研究古文字等,与唐兰一起代表了20世纪初的中日两国中国古文字学理论研究的最新成果,意义非凡。

《论语》“鲁读”再探讨

郑玄《论语注》,以《齐论》、《古论》读正《鲁论》凡五十事。传世与出土文献中保存的"鲁读"注文,仅二十七条、二十八事。笔者以"鲁读"与《定州汉墓竹简论语》相比勘,探讨了简本的《鲁论》性质和抄写时间,提出以《古》正《鲁》,不始于汉末郑玄,竹简《论语》已有了相同的工作。又透过与"鲁读"相关的唐写本郑注同孔安国、马融、包咸注比较,说明郑玄改《鲁》从《古》,是对前人注释的继承。而且郑注既有以《古》正《鲁》,亦有遵《鲁》不从《古》,所以郑注不仅篇章、次第属于《鲁论》,内容、文字也是《鲁论》,只据《古论》校订了部分文字、章句,而非对《鲁论》"重作改编"。

海昏侯墓或发现失传 1800年的论语特别篇

近日，海昏侯墓出土的竹书《论语-知道》篇引起学术界重视。据了解，《论语》在古代有3个版本，分别为：《古论》《鲁论》和《齐论》。如今看到的《论语》是张侯之后用《鲁论》和《古论》编纂形成的版本，但是《齐论》到汉魏的时候就失传了。这3个版本最大的区别就是其中多了两篇，一篇为《知道篇》，另一篇为《问王篇》。如果海昏侯墓里面发现的《知道篇》被真正释读出来就是失传1800年的《齐论》，那么它的出土在整个中国学术界，乃至世界学术界都是一个令人叹为观止的发现。

近10年《素问·上古天真论》相关研究知识图谱分析

目的通过知识图谱方式可视化分析《素问·上古天真论》相关研究的热点和趋势。方法以"上古天真论"为研究对象,检索2006年1月至2017年1月中国知网(CNKI)中国学术期刊数据库中相关研究。分别对纳入数据以作者、机构、关键词为节点进行可视化,并对其出现频次进行统计。结果共纳入数据857条。2006年至2017年发表关于《素问·上古天真论》研究的作者共有72人,作者频次前5名为吴效科(7)、孙广仁(5)、侯丽辉(5)、张新渝(5)、王泓午(4),突现度前5名为吴效科(5.3995)、侯丽辉(3.7747)、王琦(2.8911)、王泓午(2.6971)、孙广仁(2.6701)。发文量前5的研究机构分别为山东中医药大学(29)、北京中医药大学(27)、上海中医药大学(23)、成都中医药大学(18)、广州中医药大学(14)。关键词共现网络图谱共169个节点、318条连线,其中频次前5名为黄帝内经(347)、上古天真论(171)、养生(121)、中医(74)、治未病(66),中心度前5名为上古天真论(0.64)、黄帝内经(0.58)、养生(0.46)、中医(0.18)、生气通天论(0.16)。关键词共现聚类结果可分为9类,各类中频次最高的关键词分别为0:中医,治未病;1:黄帝内经;2:上古天真论;3:肾气盛,天癸;4、6:养生;5、7、8:素问,肾气。结论近10年《上古天真论》研究作者和研究机构合作力量较分散,2014年以来经验传承研究成为新的热点,研究趋势从原文发掘应用趋向于更深层次的理论实践研究。

THE COMPLETE LANGLANDS PARAMETERS CORRESPONDING TO THE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CLASSICAL GROUPS WITH INTEGRAL REGULAR INFINITESIMAL CHARACTERS

The authors determine all the complete Langlands parameters corresponding to the representations of the classical groups with integral regular infintesimal characters, and get all L-packts in that case.

Rethinking the Modern Transformation of Classical Chinese Literary Theory

Though it is not new, the topic of the modem transformation of classical Chinese literary theory still holds profound significance for China＇s current efforts in carrying forward the essence of classical literary theory and constructing a new literary theory that conforms to the spirit of our times. Today, Chinese scholars have to handle two traditions： one is the classical literary scholarship up to the 19th century, distant in time and space from today; the other is the modern tradition that started in the early 20th century. These two traditions involve not only rupture and heterogeneous change but also continuity and partial homogeneous preservation. Taking our stand on the modem and contemporary tradition, we should consciously pursue research on classical literary theory, using modem consciousness to scrutinize, reorder, discover, select, interpret, activate and absorb its finer elements, those that are still vital, so as to creatively promote its modem transformation and further integrate it as an organic component of the construction of modem Chinese literary theory. Over the past two or three decades, Chinese scholars have been advancing this great project in a systematic and solid way, achieving gratifying progress. We must strengthen our efforts and make further progress with this great undertaking.

The Semiclassical Limit in the Quantum Drift-Diffusion Equations with Isentropic Pressure

The semiclassical limit in the transient quantum drift-diffusion equations with isentropic pressure in one space dimension is rigorously proved. The equations are supplemented with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. It is shown that the semiclassical limit of this solution solves the classical drift-diffusion model. In the meanwhile, the global existence of weak solutions is proved.

Relativistic semi-classical theory of atom ionization in ultra-intense laser

A relativistic semi-classical theory (RSCT) of H-atom ionizationin ultra-intense laser (UIL) is proposed. A relativistic analytical expression for ionization probability of H-atom in its ground state is given. This expression, compared with non-relativistic expression, clearly shows the effects of the magnet vector in the laser, the non-dipole approximation and the relativistic mass-energy relation on the ionization processes. At the same time, we show that under some conditions the relativistic expression reduces to the non-relativistic expression of non-dipole approximation. At last, some possible applications of the relativistic theory are briefly stated.

Seeking the Theoretical Origins of Supply-side Structural Reform

The theoretical origins of supply theory and supply-side structural reform lie in British and French classical economics, with their longstanding interest in supply, rather than in the later emergence of Jean-Baptiste Say and Say＇s Law, which attempts to deny the possibility of economic crises. Marx deepened supply theory, holding that production （supply） structure and product （income） distribution structure depended on the nature and structure of relations of production. This theory has been especially significant in guiding supply-side structural reform in China. The main reference value of American supply-side economics lies in some of its policy proposals for reforming and managing supply. Supply-side structural reform in China requires the development of a socialist supply theory with Chinese characteristics.