The paper sets out to examine the influence of e-commerce on marketing practitioners and consumers. This researcher found out that e-commerce brings about a new experience for both consumers and marketing practitioner...The paper sets out to examine the influence of e-commerce on marketing practitioners and consumers. This researcher found out that e-commerce brings about a new experience for both consumers and marketing practitioners as both groups try to achieve their different goals that end in an online relationship between the duo. This posses a lot of challenges for marketers who have to adapt and modify their offline marketing strategies to suite and meet the demands of e-commerce bringing about the whole concept and execution of e-marketing. The issue of the benefits as well as trust for online transactions based on the fear of insecurity from the consumers＇ perspective was also discussed. In all, the authors concluded that it＇s important for organizations engaging in e-commerce to come up with proper strategies to address these issues and build consumer trust in e-commerce; aiding it to further adapt to the ever changing needs of the business world.展开更多
The Dutch herring trade contributed greatly to Dutch commercial prosperity. The most profitable Dutch fishing grounds, however, were off the coasts of England and Scotland. For centuries, the English allowed the Dutch...The Dutch herring trade contributed greatly to Dutch commercial prosperity. The most profitable Dutch fishing grounds, however, were off the coasts of England and Scotland. For centuries, the English allowed the Dutch to fish these waters. During the reign of James I, however, the changing English perspective of the Dutch led the English Crown to question the right of the Dutch to fish in English waters. In the fishing trade, centuries of cooperation gave way to an emerging commercial rivalry.展开更多
Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the mi...Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment, offering quality better than that of the competition at a somewhat higher price. It is this path that can lead to market share leadership： a strategy that can be both profitable and sustainable. The U.S. men＇s shaving cream market consists of two major product-market segments： gel and foam. We test the hypothesis that the best-selling brand is very likely to be a member of the mid-price segment with a price tag that is higher than that of the nearest competition. This study is based on annual U.S. sales data for 2008 and 2007 from discount retail stores, food stores, and drug stores. We performed two separate analyses for 2008 and 2007, using cluster analysis as the main analytic tool. The results were remarkably consistent between the two years. In the gel segment--by far the most important--the price-quality segmentation analysis supported our hypothesis. An interesting finding is that, for both the gel and foam segments, we found the rank order correlation of brand unit price between 2007 and 2008 as highly significant. This means that in this market management considers the price of a brand as a strategic rather than a tactical variable. Although, technically the results for the foam segment were negative, this does not necessarily contradict our hypothesis. Finally, we discovered six strategic groups in the industry and have tried to articulate what their competitive strategy is.展开更多
Percutaneous closure of a prosthetic paravalvular leak （PVL） is a challenging procedure. Operators must use devices constructed for other applications. We present the use of a device which is specifically designed f...Percutaneous closure of a prosthetic paravalvular leak （PVL） is a challenging procedure. Operators must use devices constructed for other applications. We present the use of a device which is specifically designed for PVL closure. To the best of our knowledge, there is no publication in MEDLINE reporting the use of the device.展开更多
The rise of electronic commerce has broken the traditional trading mode, changed people＇ s production and life, has gradually become an important factor of regional economic development. The paper comprehensively dis...The rise of electronic commerce has broken the traditional trading mode, changed people＇ s production and life, has gradually become an important factor of regional economic development. The paper comprehensively discuss on present situation and characteristics of electronic commerce development in our country, on basis of it, the paper analyze electronic commerce major impact on regional economic development, and put forward to strengthen the development of e-commerce related strategies to promote regional economic development role.展开更多
Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alli...Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alliance in the situation of oneshort game and infinitely repeated game, then, based on the analysis of distributors' betrayal of the alliance under infinitely repeated game, the conditions to maintain the distributors alliance are put forward and discussed.展开更多
This paper discusses one of the contemporary challenging issues--it is the challenge of e-commerce to the sovereignty of the state, where governments are unable to implement their own laws on disputed cases resulting ...This paper discusses one of the contemporary challenging issues--it is the challenge of e-commerce to the sovereignty of the state, where governments are unable to implement their own laws on disputed cases resulting from trans-border e-commerce interactions. The objective of the current research is to draw attention to the impact of international characteristics of e-commerce on the sovereignty of state, and to identify the factors affecting this sovereignty. The issue of the dynamieity of time and place will be taken into consideration, where activities carded out over the internet are characterized by their cross-border dimension. Based on real e-commerce case studies disputed on international level, this paper will draw on the legal perspective of cyberspace, identifying the relationship between cyberspace and state sovereignty, and outlining the mechanisms by which cyberspace could cross borders and the territory of the state despite all the precautions taken by the state to protect its sovereignty.展开更多
Global governance is often equated with international institutions such as the United Nations and the World Bank that were established after World War II to address problems transcending national borders. While these ...Global governance is often equated with international institutions such as the United Nations and the World Bank that were established after World War II to address problems transcending national borders. While these institutions incorporate norms of representative democracy that evolved in national societies, their legitimacy is often questioned on grounds of limited effectiveness and remoteness from the citizens they purportedly serve. The arguments of many democratic theorists that deliberation among ordinary citizens can legitimize policies that heed these views thus bear important implications for global governance. In this paper, the possibility and different ways that civil society enhancing public participation, transparency and accountability in global governance are addressed. The empirical focus will be on the world＇s first global deliberation--WWViews （world wide views on global warming） that was held in 38 countries with all inhabited continents in 2009. The social drivers that encourage innovation in global democratic governance are analysed, as the main successes and challenges of WWViews and sketch three scenarios of the future of deliberative global governance are based on the experiences and plans around global citizen participation. The authors argue that despite some challenges, such as ensuring high quality of deliberation in highly variant policy cultural contexts and building policy pathways conducive to political impact, the prospects of deliberation in helping solve global environmental and policy problems are high, and likely to see cumulative progress in the near future.展开更多
After socio-political breakthrough in 1989 foreign companies entered Polish media market. Firstly, investors appeared in the press sector, later on in the electronic media. One of the first groups presented in Poland ...After socio-political breakthrough in 1989 foreign companies entered Polish media market. Firstly, investors appeared in the press sector, later on in the electronic media. One of the first groups presented in Poland was Orkla Media. The Norwegians launched a brand new regional daily. After subsequent failure they changed the pattern of business activity. When in 2006 Mecom bought out Orkla＇s shares, a new era began. The British fund was mainly interested in making their assets more profitable. The biggest shareholder of the regional press sector, however, is still Verlagsgruppe Passau （VGP）. The German group appeared in 1993, in disguise of a Swiss company and next year took over eight regional dailies. In due course, VGP bought out a couple of more regional titles and became the leader of this sector of the market. Although the Germans were competing against the Norwegians and the Brits, they showed a different style of managing their assets. The author attempts to describe different patterns of business strategy in the press sector in Poland, examining each investor＇s behavior and the results of their efforts. This can lead to conclusions about the past activities as well as to predictions about the future of the market.展开更多
This paper describes the platformisation of the mobile services domain,which in recent years has become a successful strategy for some hardware manufacturers and software companies.While having different platform stra...This paper describes the platformisation of the mobile services domain,which in recent years has become a successful strategy for some hardware manufacturers and software companies.While having different platform strategies and business models,they have succeeded in creating a demand for mobile software and content with end-users.This paper proposes a way to determine the optimum platform-charging mode that an operator should adopt to play a meaningful role in the mobile service domain and with respect to content with end-users.Four charging modes employed by mobile application stores are studied in this paper,namely the one-sided paid-by-users charging mode,the one-sided paid-by-advertisers charging mode,the two-sided differential paid charging mode and the two-sided paid and free access charging mode.Furthermore,a comparative analysis of the four modes is also presented.展开更多
Terms of intelligence in 20th and 21th century mean the methods of automatic extraction, analysis, interpretation and use of information. Thus, the intelligence services in the future created an electronic database in...Terms of intelligence in 20th and 21th century mean the methods of automatic extraction, analysis, interpretation and use of information. Thus, the intelligence services in the future created an electronic database in which to their being classified intelligence products, users could choose between the latter themselves relevant information. The EU （European Union） that activities are carried out from at least in year 1996, terrorist attacks in year 200l is only accelerating. Proposals to increase surveillance and international cooperation in this field have been drawn up before September 11 2011. On the Web you can fmd a list of networks （Cryptome, 2011）, which could be connected, or are under the control of the security service--NSA （National Security Agency）. United States of America in year 1994 enacted a law for telephone communication--Digital Telephony Act, which would require manufacturers of telecommunications equipment, leaving some security holes for control. In addition, we monitor the Internet and large corporations. The example of the United States of America in this action reveals the organization for electronic freedoms against a telecom company that the NSA illegally gains access to data on information technology users and Internet telephony.展开更多
Rapid internationalization of economic activities following the Second World War has generated an unprecedented increase in international trade and capital flows. For example, only during 1963-1993, exports rose from ...Rapid internationalization of economic activities following the Second World War has generated an unprecedented increase in international trade and capital flows. For example, only during 1963-1993, exports rose from 157 billion to 3.774 billion dollars. Also the flows of foreign direct investment （FDI） have grown exponentially. Although FDI flows are concentrated on developing countries, 80% being targeted towards 10 countries, capital flows towards the Third World have quadrupled only between 1990 and 1993. This trend towards a truly international economy influences also on how companies do business. International business environment provides many opportunities, as well as threats. Romanian companies need to align to this trend. In addition to identifying new opportunities to do business in foreign markets, they have to deal with specific risks, which they did not have to face when working internally. In this context, we consider necessary to launch an investigation, whose main objective would be analyzing the manner in which Romanian companies manage risks specific to international economic affairs. As the complexity of these businesses is great, and the majority of Romanian companies, in their attempt to internationalize, use classical forms of export-import, the analysis took into account only the export activity undertaken by Romanian companies. We mention that we did not take into account the determination of the exposure to these risks of the companies concerned, but an analysis of the management of those risks. For this analysis, data were collected based on the administration of a questionnaire, and these data were used to develop an econometric model analysis. The specific methods of risk analysis of specific export transactions are then interpreted using the GLOBE model.展开更多
Forestry industry is an important commonweal and fundamental industry. Forestry enterprises take the burden of ecological construction and supply of forest products, and economical benefits, ecological benefits, and s...Forestry industry is an important commonweal and fundamental industry. Forestry enterprises take the burden of ecological construction and supply of forest products, and economical benefits, ecological benefits, and social benefits as well. However, electronic-business (e-business), as a completely new business operation model, will bring great opportunities and challenges to forestry enterprises. On the basis of simple analysis of e-business conception model, the internal and external environment for forestry enterprises to develop e-business was thoroughly analysed and researched , and finally effective strategic options were proposed.展开更多
With the development of strategic alliance practice, strategic alliance pays more attention to its inter-learning and capacity improving. It focuses on how to learn from its original knowledge and routines effectively...With the development of strategic alliance practice, strategic alliance pays more attention to its inter-learning and capacity improving. It focuses on how to learn from its original knowledge and routines effectively. In order to form strategic alliance successfully, we must integrate its original organizational memory effectively. Based on the characteristics of organizational memory in strategic alliance, this paper analyzes its interface and permeation, and studies the construction of organizational memory in strategic alliance organization.展开更多
文摘The paper sets out to examine the influence of e-commerce on marketing practitioners and consumers. This researcher found out that e-commerce brings about a new experience for both consumers and marketing practitioners as both groups try to achieve their different goals that end in an online relationship between the duo. This posses a lot of challenges for marketers who have to adapt and modify their offline marketing strategies to suite and meet the demands of e-commerce bringing about the whole concept and execution of e-marketing. The issue of the benefits as well as trust for online transactions based on the fear of insecurity from the consumers＇ perspective was also discussed. In all, the authors concluded that it＇s important for organizations engaging in e-commerce to come up with proper strategies to address these issues and build consumer trust in e-commerce; aiding it to further adapt to the ever changing needs of the business world.
文摘The Dutch herring trade contributed greatly to Dutch commercial prosperity. The most profitable Dutch fishing grounds, however, were off the coasts of England and Scotland. For centuries, the English allowed the Dutch to fish these waters. During the reign of James I, however, the changing English perspective of the Dutch led the English Crown to question the right of the Dutch to fish in English waters. In the fishing trade, centuries of cooperation gave way to an emerging commercial rivalry.
文摘Porter identifies high market share with cost leadership strategy which is based on the idea of competing on a price lower than that of the competition. However, in most consumer markets a business should serve the middle class by competing in the mid-price segment, offering quality better than that of the competition at a somewhat higher price. It is this path that can lead to market share leadership： a strategy that can be both profitable and sustainable. The U.S. men＇s shaving cream market consists of two major product-market segments： gel and foam. We test the hypothesis that the best-selling brand is very likely to be a member of the mid-price segment with a price tag that is higher than that of the nearest competition. This study is based on annual U.S. sales data for 2008 and 2007 from discount retail stores, food stores, and drug stores. We performed two separate analyses for 2008 and 2007, using cluster analysis as the main analytic tool. The results were remarkably consistent between the two years. In the gel segment--by far the most important--the price-quality segmentation analysis supported our hypothesis. An interesting finding is that, for both the gel and foam segments, we found the rank order correlation of brand unit price between 2007 and 2008 as highly significant. This means that in this market management considers the price of a brand as a strategic rather than a tactical variable. Although, technically the results for the foam segment were negative, this does not necessarily contradict our hypothesis. Finally, we discovered six strategic groups in the industry and have tried to articulate what their competitive strategy is.
文摘Percutaneous closure of a prosthetic paravalvular leak （PVL） is a challenging procedure. Operators must use devices constructed for other applications. We present the use of a device which is specifically designed for PVL closure. To the best of our knowledge, there is no publication in MEDLINE reporting the use of the device.
文摘The rise of electronic commerce has broken the traditional trading mode, changed people＇ s production and life, has gradually become an important factor of regional economic development. The paper comprehensively discuss on present situation and characteristics of electronic commerce development in our country, on basis of it, the paper analyze electronic commerce major impact on regional economic development, and put forward to strengthen the development of e-commerce related strategies to promote regional economic development role.
基金This work was supported by Natural science Foundation of China No. 70302017
文摘Using the Cournot Game Model, this paper has analyzed the motivation of the distributors' alliance to gain competitive advantage in marketing channel. At first, this paper separately analyzed the advantage of alliance in the situation of oneshort game and infinitely repeated game, then, based on the analysis of distributors' betrayal of the alliance under infinitely repeated game, the conditions to maintain the distributors alliance are put forward and discussed.
文摘This paper discusses one of the contemporary challenging issues--it is the challenge of e-commerce to the sovereignty of the state, where governments are unable to implement their own laws on disputed cases resulting from trans-border e-commerce interactions. The objective of the current research is to draw attention to the impact of international characteristics of e-commerce on the sovereignty of state, and to identify the factors affecting this sovereignty. The issue of the dynamieity of time and place will be taken into consideration, where activities carded out over the internet are characterized by their cross-border dimension. Based on real e-commerce case studies disputed on international level, this paper will draw on the legal perspective of cyberspace, identifying the relationship between cyberspace and state sovereignty, and outlining the mechanisms by which cyberspace could cross borders and the territory of the state despite all the precautions taken by the state to protect its sovereignty.
文摘Global governance is often equated with international institutions such as the United Nations and the World Bank that were established after World War II to address problems transcending national borders. While these institutions incorporate norms of representative democracy that evolved in national societies, their legitimacy is often questioned on grounds of limited effectiveness and remoteness from the citizens they purportedly serve. The arguments of many democratic theorists that deliberation among ordinary citizens can legitimize policies that heed these views thus bear important implications for global governance. In this paper, the possibility and different ways that civil society enhancing public participation, transparency and accountability in global governance are addressed. The empirical focus will be on the world＇s first global deliberation--WWViews （world wide views on global warming） that was held in 38 countries with all inhabited continents in 2009. The social drivers that encourage innovation in global democratic governance are analysed, as the main successes and challenges of WWViews and sketch three scenarios of the future of deliberative global governance are based on the experiences and plans around global citizen participation. The authors argue that despite some challenges, such as ensuring high quality of deliberation in highly variant policy cultural contexts and building policy pathways conducive to political impact, the prospects of deliberation in helping solve global environmental and policy problems are high, and likely to see cumulative progress in the near future.
文摘After socio-political breakthrough in 1989 foreign companies entered Polish media market. Firstly, investors appeared in the press sector, later on in the electronic media. One of the first groups presented in Poland was Orkla Media. The Norwegians launched a brand new regional daily. After subsequent failure they changed the pattern of business activity. When in 2006 Mecom bought out Orkla＇s shares, a new era began. The British fund was mainly interested in making their assets more profitable. The biggest shareholder of the regional press sector, however, is still Verlagsgruppe Passau （VGP）. The German group appeared in 1993, in disguise of a Swiss company and next year took over eight regional dailies. In due course, VGP bought out a couple of more regional titles and became the leader of this sector of the market. Although the Germans were competing against the Norwegians and the Brits, they showed a different style of managing their assets. The author attempts to describe different patterns of business strategy in the press sector in Poland, examining each investor＇s behavior and the results of their efforts. This can lead to conclusions about the past activities as well as to predictions about the future of the market.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61071077
文摘This paper describes the platformisation of the mobile services domain,which in recent years has become a successful strategy for some hardware manufacturers and software companies.While having different platform strategies and business models,they have succeeded in creating a demand for mobile software and content with end-users.This paper proposes a way to determine the optimum platform-charging mode that an operator should adopt to play a meaningful role in the mobile service domain and with respect to content with end-users.Four charging modes employed by mobile application stores are studied in this paper,namely the one-sided paid-by-users charging mode,the one-sided paid-by-advertisers charging mode,the two-sided differential paid charging mode and the two-sided paid and free access charging mode.Furthermore,a comparative analysis of the four modes is also presented.
文摘Terms of intelligence in 20th and 21th century mean the methods of automatic extraction, analysis, interpretation and use of information. Thus, the intelligence services in the future created an electronic database in which to their being classified intelligence products, users could choose between the latter themselves relevant information. The EU （European Union） that activities are carried out from at least in year 1996, terrorist attacks in year 200l is only accelerating. Proposals to increase surveillance and international cooperation in this field have been drawn up before September 11 2011. On the Web you can fmd a list of networks （Cryptome, 2011）, which could be connected, or are under the control of the security service--NSA （National Security Agency）. United States of America in year 1994 enacted a law for telephone communication--Digital Telephony Act, which would require manufacturers of telecommunications equipment, leaving some security holes for control. In addition, we monitor the Internet and large corporations. The example of the United States of America in this action reveals the organization for electronic freedoms against a telecom company that the NSA illegally gains access to data on information technology users and Internet telephony.
文摘Rapid internationalization of economic activities following the Second World War has generated an unprecedented increase in international trade and capital flows. For example, only during 1963-1993, exports rose from 157 billion to 3.774 billion dollars. Also the flows of foreign direct investment （FDI） have grown exponentially. Although FDI flows are concentrated on developing countries, 80% being targeted towards 10 countries, capital flows towards the Third World have quadrupled only between 1990 and 1993. This trend towards a truly international economy influences also on how companies do business. International business environment provides many opportunities, as well as threats. Romanian companies need to align to this trend. In addition to identifying new opportunities to do business in foreign markets, they have to deal with specific risks, which they did not have to face when working internally. In this context, we consider necessary to launch an investigation, whose main objective would be analyzing the manner in which Romanian companies manage risks specific to international economic affairs. As the complexity of these businesses is great, and the majority of Romanian companies, in their attempt to internationalize, use classical forms of export-import, the analysis took into account only the export activity undertaken by Romanian companies. We mention that we did not take into account the determination of the exposure to these risks of the companies concerned, but an analysis of the management of those risks. For this analysis, data were collected based on the administration of a questionnaire, and these data were used to develop an econometric model analysis. The specific methods of risk analysis of specific export transactions are then interpreted using the GLOBE model.
文摘Forestry industry is an important commonweal and fundamental industry. Forestry enterprises take the burden of ecological construction and supply of forest products, and economical benefits, ecological benefits, and social benefits as well. However, electronic-business (e-business), as a completely new business operation model, will bring great opportunities and challenges to forestry enterprises. On the basis of simple analysis of e-business conception model, the internal and external environment for forestry enterprises to develop e-business was thoroughly analysed and researched , and finally effective strategic options were proposed.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （70433003）, the project 863 （2003AA4Z3260）, and the Art Innovation Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology （050101）
文摘With the development of strategic alliance practice, strategic alliance pays more attention to its inter-learning and capacity improving. It focuses on how to learn from its original knowledge and routines effectively. In order to form strategic alliance successfully, we must integrate its original organizational memory effectively. Based on the characteristics of organizational memory in strategic alliance, this paper analyzes its interface and permeation, and studies the construction of organizational memory in strategic alliance organization.
