《国语》“武王伐殷”天象检讨——兼论江晓原、钮卫星之《回天》

《国语·周语下》伶州鸠七律对 ,是历史上关于武王伐纣天象的较早也较完备的记述 ,具有弥足珍贵的文献价值。该文在分析此文献及韦昭注的基础上 ,发现其中隐藏着但为前人忽略的重大天象———水星的逆行 ,从而有力地支持了江晓原、钮卫星关于武王伐纣年代的推算结果 ;同时 ,指出了江、钮二人的个别武断失察或有意规避之处 ,特别是其对于“岁在北方”记载的决然拒斥 ,认为其实大可不必 ,即与其结论并非完全不能调和 ;此外 ,该文不仅给出了江、钮二人所列前人关于武王伐纣年代的“44种异说”之外的第 45种说法———即明黄道周的戊子岁 (前1 0 53年 )之说 ,而且剖析了伶州鸠之言尤其是韦昭注的某些不洽乃至错漏 ,进而提出了“辰在斗柄”至少是“辰在戌上”

从《天回医简》看汉晋医经的编撰

孔子删定六经为中国经学之初创时期,医学之有经,源于六经。三代以至春秋战国,祭祀文化在相当长一个时期是主流的文化,经学产生之前,有事要问卜;三代以后,诸如易、诗、书、礼、乐、春秋各类学问的形成,主流文化发生转移,有事不再问卜。中国的各种学问,乃王官之守;经与经学的确立,出于王官;经学的传播,依赖经师。医经的发生,出于战国,广见于西汉。战国至西汉,传播医经的有长桑君、扁鹊(秦越人)、公乘阳庆、淳于意等。西汉刘向等奉诏整理国家图书,设“医经”为一大类,有黄帝、扁鹊、白氏三家。医经的确立,标志着医走出了巫的时代,传授医经的经师,有了解释生命与疾病的话语权。自西汉始,形成了医经之学。本文讨论了从西汉到西晋、即从《脉书》到《脉经》六种医经的编撰简史,意在从医经编撰的角度,拾补对医经的理解。

为世界名城打造最美永续“出口”

在营运垃圾填埋场上建生态公园，在垃圾场上举办诗词楹联年会。在垃圾场上举办以垃圾为材料的行为艺术。举办与垃圾有关的文化论坛，发行中国第一本垃圾与文化《回天》杂志，

A case study of cold-seasonthundersnow in Beijing

The characteristics of local thundersnow at ne spatiotemporal scale on 9 and 10 November 2009 in Beijing were analyzed,using wind pro ler,microwave radiometer,automatic weather station,Doppler weather radar,and satellite data.Furthermore,the causes of winter convection are discussed.The results showed that it was reflux weather.The cause of the thunder and lightning was the elevated convection above the lower cold and dry air,and the trigger for convection was the short wave trough and convergencein the middle level.This thundersnow event developed from monsoon-like long-lasting water vapor transport at 850 hPa from the South China Sea along with strong instability of,and convergence in,the conveyor layer.

Integration of Low-level Waste Heat Recovery and Liquefied Nature Gas Cold Energy Utilization

Two novel thermal cycles based on Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle are proposed, respectively, which integrate the recovery of low-level waste heat and Liquefied Nature Gas （LNG） cold energy utilization for power generation. Cascade utilization of energy is realized in the two thermal cycles, where low-level waste heat,low-temperature exergy and pressure exergy of LNG are utilized efficiently through the system synthesis. The simulations are carried out using the commercial Aspen Plus 10.2, and the results are analyzed. Compared with the conventional Brayton cycle and Rankine cycle, the two novel cycles bring 60.94% and 60% in exergy efficiency, respectively and 53.08% and 52.31% in thermal efficiency, respectively.

Astronomical forcing of sedimentary cycles of Late Eocene Liushagang Formation in the Bailian Sag, Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea

Sediments in the Liushagang Formation of Late Eocene form a group of key hydrocarbon play fairways in the Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea.As an important reservoir-forming combination,the Liushagang Formation consists of deltaic siliciclastic and show clear sedimentary cyclicity.According to paleontology research and stratigraphic correlation,the boundary between Liushagang Formation(Els)and Weizhou Formation(Ewz)is regarded as the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.The oxygen isotope dating for well cores from the top of the first Member of Liushagang Formation(Els1)and the bottom of the third Member of Weizhou Formation(Ewz3)give an isochron age of 35.2 Ma.Here,we use GR logging data as a paleoenvironmental proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic study of the Els1 in the Bailian Sag,Fushan Depression.Power spectra,evolutionary fast Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis all reveal significant sedimentary cycles in Els1.The ratios of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units are 21?5?2.8?1.2?1,and are interpreted as Milankovitch cycles of 400 ka and 96 ka eccentricity,52 ka obliquity,22ka and 19 ka precession cycles,respectively.An astronomical time scale is established by tuning filtered 96 ka eccentricity cycles to a target curve of Well L2 in the Bailian Sag.Based on regional stratigraphic framework,combined with seismic,cores and logging data,the HST of the first member of the Liushagang Formation(Els1)delta in Well L2 was divided into six parasequence sets named Ps1-Ps6.According to the spectrum analysis by Simple Lomb periodogram from PAST program packages,the sediment accumulation rate of each parasequence sets first increased and then decreased as time went by.The sediment accumulation rate of Ps4 reached the maximum(0.127 m/ka)during the most prosperous period of delta prograding.Finally,the duration of each period of parasequence sets and more accurate geological age were calculated on the basis of sediment accumulation rate.The ages of each depth are precisely estimated and provide new constraints on the Late Eocene.

A Novel Process for Natural Gas Liquids Recovery from Oil Field Associated Gas with Liquefied Natural Gas Cryogenic Energy Utilization

A novel process to recovery natural gas liquids from oil field associated gas with liquefied natural gas (LNG)cryogenic energy utilization is proposed.Compared to the current electric refrigeration process,the proposed process uses the cryogenic energy of LNG and saves 62.6%of electricity.The proposed process recovers ethane, liquid petroleum gas(propane and butane)and heavier hydrocarbons,with total recovery rate of natural gas liquids up to 96.8%.In this paper,exergy analysis and the energy utilization diagram method(EUD)are used to assess the new process and identify the key operation units with large exergy loss.The results show that exergy efficiency of the new process is 44.3%.Compared to the electric refrigeration process,exergy efficiency of the new process is improved by 16%.The proposed process has been applied and implemented in a conceptual design scheme of the cryogenic energy utilization for a 300 million tons/yr LNG receiving terminal in a northern Chinese harbor.

Concurrent Upward Lightning Flashes from Two Towers

Upward lightning flashes initiated simultane- ously from two towers separated by a distance of 3420 m were analyzed in detail based on high-speed camera images and S-band Doppler radar echo intensity. Both discharges lasted more than 250 ms and were self-initiated from the towers in the form of upward positive leaders with a time difference of less than 4 ms. Abundant recoil leaders oc- curred transiently in the remnant channel sections during the development of the upward lightning. The number of recoil leaders over the lower tower was greater than over the higher tower. When the concurrent upward flashes occurred, the radar echo intensity in the area of the towers was no more than 45 dBZ and the towers were separately located beneath two echo centers with low altitudes of 2-3 kin.

《黄帝内经》中的形近讹误字

《黄帝内经》中存在不少异文现象,有些异文是由形近讹误所造成的。依据《黄帝内经太素》萧延平按语、《天回医简》等相关语言文献材料,对部分异文进行分析,揭示了15组形近讹误字,如“摶”与“搏”、“蛂”与“蛟”、“内”与“肉”、“乃”与“及”、“温”与“湿”、“感”与“惑”等。对《黄帝内经》中既往关注较少的文字讹误现象进行探析,可以校订传世医籍中的误字,补充形近讹误字例证,这对解决相关问题、解读《黄帝内经》均有所助益。

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF β-GYRES IN TROPICAL CYCLONES

The circulation of β-gyres in tropical cyclones is studied using numerical simulations. As shown in the result, there is clear circulation of β-gyres in the deviation flow field of the middle layer of the model,i.e. there is cyclone current west of the vortex center but anticyclone current east of it. The theory analysis shows that the circulation of β-gyres is formed by the advection of geostrophic vorticity.

Proposal and analysis of a coupled power generation system for natural gas pressure reduction stations

With the increased use of natural gas,it is valuable to study energy recovery ratio in the natural gas pressure reduction stations(PRSs).This paper focused on recovering the energy in PRSs as well as low-grade waste heat by a coupled power generation system(CPGS).The CPGS integrates a natural gas expansion(NGE)subsystem and an organic Rankine cycle(ORC)subsystem driven by low-temperature waste heat.Firstly,a comparative analysis is carried out between the separated natural gas expansion system and the separated ORC system.Then,the effects of heat source conditions,upstream pressure of natural gas and the isentropic efficiency of the natural gas expander are investigated.At last,working fluids selection is conducted with respect to two different pressure ranges of natural gas.The results show that there is an optimal temperature and mass flow rate of the heat source that maximizes the system exergy efficiency.With the increase of the upstream pressure of natural gas,the net power output and waste heat recovery factor increase while the system exergy efficiency has an optimal point.Furthermore,the isentropic efficiency of the natural gas expander has a great influence on the net power output of the system.

Glacier Variation in Response to Climate Change in Chinese Tianshan Mountains from 1989 to 2012

Based on the 1990, 2000 and 2011 Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing data, glacier information of three periods in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains were extracted by using ratio threshold method(TM3/TM5) and visual interpretation, combined with digital processing of satellite images and analysis in GIS. The climate data in the surrounding area were analyzed by using linear regression, Mann-Kendall abrupt test, and Morlet wavelet analysis. Study results showed that: over the 23 years investigation, the glacier areas have markedly decreased. In the last 12 years(2000 to 2011), the rate of retreat has begun to accelerate. The most dramatic glacier shrinkage occurred in the central region, the lowest in the eastern region. The mean summer temperature and warm precipitation in Chinese Tianshan Mountains had an increasing trend, with rates of 0.22°C /10 a and 5.1mm/10 a from 1960 to 2011, respectively. Mean summer temperature have experienced a strong increase in 1998. The analysis of the results showed that the rise of mean summer temperature was the main factor that contributed to glacier shrinkage. Regional differences of glacier area changes were investigated by analyzing glacier behavior in five study sub-regions; regional differences are related to local climate, to the relative proportion of glaciers in different size classes, altitudinal and aspect distribution of glaciated areas. In addition, the lag theory indicated that glaciers may accelerate the retreat in the next decade, considering climate trends recognized for the period 2000-2011.

Reinjection Tests in Bedrock Geothermal Reservoir of Tianjin

By the end of 2002, there are about 219 production wells (including 12 reinjection wells) in Tianjin. The annual production rate is 1.5×10 7 m 3 and the reinjection rate is 1.66×10 6 m 3. The main side effect anticipated from reinjection is the cooling of the reservoir. It is necessary to estimate the thermal breakthrough time in different distances between injection production wells. This paper describes the 2 D mass and heat transfer in the heterogeneous fractured rocks. The equations that arise for each grid block must be linearized. The main reinjection model is simulated by a program of the TOUGH2 to analyze the change of the temperature field and predict the pressure and heat break through. The tracer test is very important for understanding the transportation pathway and transport channel/space in the doublet system, and estimating the possible cooling resulted from the injection processes.

Joint User Scheduling and Antenna Selection in Distributed Massive MIMO Systems with Limited Backhaul Capacity

Massive MIMO systems offer a high spatial resolution that can drastically increase the spectral and/or energy efficiency by employing a large number of antennas at the base station(BS).In a distributed massive MIMO system,the capacity of fiber backhaul that links base station and remote radio heads is usually limited,which becomes a bottleneck for realizing the potential performance gain of both downlink and uplink.To solve this problem,we propose a joint antenna selection and user scheduling which is able to achieve a large portion of the potential gain provided by the massive MIMO array with only limited backhaul capacity.Three sub-optimal iterative algorithms with the objective of sumrate maximization are proposed for the joint optimization of antenna selection and user scheduling,either based on greedy fashion or Frobenius-norm criteria.Convergence and complexity analysis are presented for the algorithms.The provided Monte Carlo simulations show that,one of our algorithms achieves a good tradeoff between complexity and performance and thus is especially fit for massive MIMO systems.

Magnetic Resonance Urography and X-ray Urography Findings of Congenital Megaureter

Objective To observe the imaging findings of congenital megaureter in order to enhance the understanding of this disease. Methods Image data of 5 patients with congenital megaureter and 2 misdiagnosed patients were analyzed, and image findings of congenital megaureter were summarized. Elscint Prestig 2.0T superconductive magnetic resonance urography （MRLI） with conventional sequence （spin-echo, T 1W1560 ms/16 ms; fast spin-echo, T2WI 9600 ms/96 ms） was performed. Raw data were acquired with fast spin-echo sequence from heavy T2-weighted image （9600 ms/120 ms）. Post-processing method of MRH was the maximum in- tensity projection with three-dimensional reconstruction in the workstation. Intravenous pyelography （IVP） was conducted, in which X-ray films were taken 7 minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes after injecting contrast agent, except that in 2 patients the films were taken delayed at 60 and 90 minutes. X-ray retrograde pyelography was performed on 2 patients, successful in one but failed in the other. Results The dilated ureter showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in conventional MRI. The mass wall was intact, uniform in thickness, and showing hy- pointensity on Tl-weighted and T2-weighted images. The MRH images showed a retroperitoneal mass appearing as an elongated tubular cystic structure spreading from kidney to bladder. MRLI also revealed dilated calices and renal pelvis, pelviureteric obstruction, and renal duplication. The main signs of congenital megaureter in X-urography was significant dilatation of ureter, or normal renal pelvis with ureter dilatation, hydronephrosis, deformity, and displacement. Conclusions MRH with X-urography could visualize the characteristics of congenital megaureter, including the dilation of renal pelvis and ureter, calculi, urinary tract duplication, and stenosis location. The two techniques can complement each other in disease diagnosis and provide more detailed information for preoperative treatment.

Strategic mining options optimization:Open pit mining, underground mining or both

Near-surface deposits that extend to considerable depths are often amenable to both open pit mining and/or underground mining. This paper investigates the strategy of mining options for an orebody using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming(MILP) optimization framework. The MILP formulation maximizes the Net Present Value(NPV) of the reserve when extracted with(i) open pit mining,(ii) underground mining, and(iii) concurrent open pit and underground mining. Comparatively, implementing open pit mining generates a higher NPV than underground mining. However considering the investment required for these mining options, underground mining generates a better return on investment than open pit mining. Also, in the concurrent open pit and underground mining scenario, the optimizer prefers extracting blocks using open pit mining. Although the underground mine could access ore sooner, the mining cost differential for open pit mining is more than compensated for by the discounting benefits associated with earlier underground mining.

Solar Radiation Climatology Calculation in China

The Angstrom-Prescott formula is commonly used in climatological calculation methods of solar radiation simulation. Fitting the coefficients is carried out using linear regression and in recent years it has been found that these coefifcients have obvious spatial variability. A common solution is to divide the study area into several subregions and ift the coefifcients one by one. Here, we use ground observation data for sunshine hours and solar radiation from 1961 to 2010. Adopting extraterrestrial radiation as the initial value, Angstrom-Prescott coefifcients are obtained by Geographically Weighted Regression at a national scale. The surfaces of solar radiation are obtained on the basis of the surfaces of sunshine hours interpolated by high accuracy surface modeling and astronomical radiation;results from spatial y nonstationary and error comparison tests show that Angstrom-Prescott coefifcients have signiifcant spatial nonstationarity. Compared to existing research methods, the method presented here achieves a better simulation effect.

西南官话“二X”结构的将来时间指称功能

文章讨论西南官话三种“二X”结构的将来时间指称功能:“二天”“二回”和“二盘”分别表示远将来、中/远将来和中将来。三者的结构和功能存在差别,后两个还可表序数义。这种“二X”结构的将来时间指称功能颇具特色,反映了数量、事件与时间范畴之间有密切的关联。

Performance Research of a Micro-CCHP System with Adsorption Chiller

This paper describes a new micro-combined cooling, heating and power （CCHP） system, which is especially suitable for domestic and light commercial applications. It mainly consists of a natural gas-fired internal combustion engine, a silica gel-water adsorption chiller and other heat recovery units. In order to study the energy efficiency and economic feasibility, an experimental investigation has been carried out. The experimental system has a rated electricity power of 12 kW, a rated cooling capacity of 9 kW and a rated heating capacity of 28 kW. Evaluation and analysis of the system are discussed in detail. The testing results show that the energy efficiency of the overall system depends on different modes. The overall thermal and electrical efficiency is over 70%. Higher heat load supplied causes higher efficiency of the system. Economic evaluation shows that the micro-CCHP system enjoys a small capital cost and short payback period, which is easily accepted by customers. At current natural gas price of 1.9 RMB/m^3 （nominal condition） and electric price of 0.754 RMB/（kW.h）, the total capital cost is only 90 000 RMB with a payback period of 3.21 years.

A high-precision terahertz retrodirective antenna array with navigation signal at a different frequency

Future communications will provide higher transmission rates and higher operating frequencies.In addition,agile beam tracking will be an inevitable trend in technology development.The terahertz retrodirective antenna array proposed and discussed in this paper can be a better solution for agile beam tracking.The array receives a 40-GHz navigation signal and accurately retransmits a 120-GHz beam in the direction of the arrival wave.Simulation results indicate that the proposed array with a stacked sandwich structure has realized the tracking of the received wave.The scanning radiation pattern shows that the array gain is 23.87 d B at 19.9°when the incident angle is 20°with a relative error of only 0.5%,meaning that there is a lateral error of only 8.7 m at a transmission distance of 5 km.