论《墨子·墨语》墨家后学之鬼神观

《墨语》诸篇大体上反映了墨家后学的观念。与《明鬼》等篇相较,《墨语》对于鬼神之有无及其明知与否的问题在观点与论证方式上作了较大的转变或演进:对于"鬼神之有",《墨语》主要是通过对儒者的驳斥来展现和维护的;对于"鬼神之明知",墨氏后学则充满了怀疑;《墨语》对"厚葬"的观念几乎未作批评,这与墨者夷之"厚葬其亲"的行为是一致的;墨家后学之鬼神观在目的上更加突出生人之利,在内容上则着重以"健康"作为祭祀及为义活动的意义所在。墨氏后学从对于魂魄实体的关注转而对肉体的健康产生深度的忧虑,这很可能受到阴阳哲学的"生命"观的严重影响。墨术废而不传,当与墨家后学鬼神观有较大关联。

Interculturality and Socio-Linguistic Identity in the Learning of English and Spanish in Mexico

In the current field of action of the pedagogy of languages, efficient, inclusive and dynamic teaching methods are needed; just this work will present the intercultural method through didactic evidences （pedagogical sequences） that have proved their functionality in the teaching rooms of the English in a Spanish-speaking context, as is Mexico. Without forgetting that interculturality is defined according to Cassany （2016） as an ideological current that is that each language of the world is a representative tool at the service of a culture and that said culture in a society is a mental and attitudinal representation to the world where a certain society is based. Then interculturality seeks to develop intercultural skills in the users of languages （Anglo-Hispanic）.

The Melodramatic Narrative and Ontological Quest in Demetria Martinez＇s Mother Tongue

The study deals with Demetria Martinez＇s Mother Tongue （1994）, which is a love story between a Mexican American woman and a Salvadoran refugee. The female protagonist, Mary, delves into connotations of love, expanding it to understanding of the other. The story deploys politically imbricated religious practices in relation to the U.S. Sanctuary movement in the 80s. Mary＇s amorous encounter with the other leads her to discover the expansion of friendship and solidarity and, ultimately to rediscover religiosity based on reawakened ethics. This study argues that the melodramatic mode employed in this novel implicitly reveals an inherent aspiration for the sacred, albeit not fully representable. The author＇s involvement in the genre of romance and the melodramatic mode ironically attests to her striving for the spiritual ideal and ontological answer. In the end, this essay reveals that drawing on the popular melodramatic narrative, the romantic engagement with the alterity can be more efficiently introduced into the ontological quest for the absolute presence.

Using the Chinese-Spanish Dictionary by Video： Methodological Guidelines for the Design

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginners＇ Level, as well as expose the development phases of the program and its use by teachers in the classrooms of Chinese as a foreign language. This program is part of a series of videos about the use of dictionaries in different languages, which have been designed, produced, used, and assessed in the framework of the project ＂Diseno y produccion de material didctico en video para la ensefianza de lenguas en la UNAM＂ （Design and Production of Didactic Materials on Video for the Teaching of Languages at UNAM）, just as presented at the II Congreso Internacional de Lexicografia Hispanica （II International Congress of Hispanic Lexicography） （2006）. The topic Of this paper is the use of Chinese-Spanish bilingual dictionary. The method used was descriptive and systematic analysis methodological guidelines for creation derived from the design model proposed.

Engaging College Students in Experiential Learning： Learning Through Serving, Inspiring Through Experience, and Creating Identity Through Bilingual Poetry

Experiential learning is the opportunity to meld teaching with experience; ＂to do＂ the things students learn about in the classroom, yet outside the classroom walls. I am an instructor that embraces experiential learning. Every other year, I lead a Chican@ Literature class which, after the semester is finished, culminates with a two-week excursion to New Mexico. While on-campus I highlight specific themes within Chicano narrative and poetry. Discussions focus on several key aspects regarding Chican@ Literature whose purpose is to create a voice for those whom have been marginalized within mainstream American culture. Chican@ Literature emphasizes a concept of origin which is reiterated in New Mexico through a sense of place in nature. A second topic often addressed in Chican@ Literature is the idea of aprendizaje. This is a journey of knowledge. In each episode experienced, the narrative voice gains a broader understanding of identity. This aprendizaje is also shared by my students as they gain a sense of self as defined by their own community in juxtaposition with their New Mexican fieldwork and the bilingual poetry they write. Lastly, Chican@ Literature often reveals an author or poet＇s personal culture clash or cultural fusion within the creative work itself. Once again, my students write about their own perspectives in a poetry workshop and presented their pieces during a poetry slam. Some of these pieces are included in this manuscript.

Composite structural modeling and tensile mechanical behavior of graphene reinforced metal matrix composites

Owing to its distinguished mechanical stiffness and strength, graphene has become an ideal reinforcing material in kinds of composite materials. In this work, the graphene（reduced graphene oxide） reinforced aluminum（Al）matrix composites were fabricated by flaky powder metallurgy. Tensile tests of pure Al matrix and graphene/Al composites with bioinspired layered structures are conducted.By means of an independently developed Python-based structural modeling program, three-dimensional microscopic structural models of graphene/Al composites can be established, in which the size, shape, orientation, location and content of graphene can be reconstructed in line with the actual graphene/Al composite structures. Elastoplastic mechanical properties, damaged materials behaviors, grapheneAl interfacial behaviors and reasonable boundary conditions are introduced and applied to perform the simulations. Based on the experimental and numerical tensile behaviors of graphene/Al composites, the effects of graphene morphology,graphene-Al interface, composite configuration and failure behavior within the tensile mechanical deformations of graphene/Al composites can be revealed and indicated, respectively.From the analysis above, a good understanding can be brought to light for the deformation mechanism of graphene/Al composites.