唯筚路蓝缕,方不落窠臼——读《多功能汉英·英汉钢铁词典》有感

针对双语专科词典和科技专业文献译文中术语误译现象严重的现状,《多功能汉英.英汉钢铁词典》突破双语专科词典现有的编纂模式,首次将纠正术语误译、给出正确译名的功能引入双语专科词典,开双语专科词典利用英文原版引例辨析词义、析误匡谬之先河,对于丰富和发展双语专科词典编纂理论,全面、系统纠正各专业术语误译具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。

《多功能标准源校准规范》和《交直流电表校验仪校准规范》的差异及选用

对JJF1638-2017《多功能标准源校准规范》和JJF1284-2011《交直流电表校验仪校准规范》进行了比较以利于选用。

学校《多功能排课系统》的功能设计

我们利用电脑来模拟人的“思维”和“动作”,人工排课过程中采用“人工干预电脑试排”方式,成功地开发了学校《多功能排课系统》,实现了三表混排,使系统对人工排课过程的模拟更加完美。衡量自动排课系统成功与否的指标除了自动排课成功率之外,关键在于人工干预的实现程度及效率。

多功能雨刷

雨刷是常用的擦挡风板的用具，其结构简单、使用方便。但是，一般的雨刷只能擦汽车挡风玻璃的外面，在下雨或者天气较冷时，需要人工擦汽车挡风板内部的水汽，这样给人们带来不少麻烦。于是，我设计了一种可以里外同时刷的多功能雨刷。

如此劣质辞书,如何面对学生?

《多功能学生字典》是一部小型汉语字典,由新疆教育出版社2002年9月出版。这部字典是作为“学生必备工具书”向读者推荐的,可是它的水平到底如何呢?按照图书质量检查的要求,我审读了该书的10.5万字,发现其中的差错极多,实在不敢恭维。审读后统计,差错率竟达万分之三十多!人们在震惊、愤怒之余,不禁要问:如此劣质辞书,如何面对学生?

N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon as a multifunctional support of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles for hydrogenation of nitroarenes

Due to the advantages of high surface areas, large pore volumes and pore sizes, abundant nitrogen content that favored the metal-support interactions, N-doped ordered mesoporous carbons are regarded as a kind of fascinating and potential support for the synthesis of effective supported cat-alysts. Here, a N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon with a high N content （9.58 wt%）, high surface area （417 m^2/g）, and three-dimensional cubic structure was synthesized successfully and used as an effective support for immobilizing Pt nanoparticles （NPs）. The positive effects of nitrogen on the metal particle size enabled ultrasmall Pt NPs （about 1.0 ± 0.5 nm） to be obtained. Moreover, most of the Pt NPs are homogeneously dispersed in the mesoporous channels. However, using the ordered mesoporous carbon without nitrogen as support, the particles were larger （4.4 ± 1.7 nm） and many Pt NPs were distributed on the external surface, demonstrating the important role of the nitrogen species. The obtained N-doped ordered mesoporous material supported catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity （conversion 100%） and selectivity （〉99%） in the hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes under mild conditions. These values are much higher than those achieved using a commercial Pt/C catalyst （conversion 89% and selectivity 90%）. This outstanding catalytic perfor-mance can be attributed to the synergetic effects of the mesoporous structure, N-functionalized support, and stabilized ultrasmall Pt NPs. Moreover, such supported catalyst also showed excellent catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of other halogenated nitrobenzenes and nitroarenes. In addition, the stability of the multifunctional catalyst was excellent and it could be reused more than 10 times without significant losses of activity and selectivity. Our results conclusively show that a N-doped carbon support enable the formation of ultrafine metal NPs and improve the reaction ac-tivity and selectivity.

The Influence of Plant Diversity and Functional Composition on Ecosystem Stability of Four Stipa Communities in the Inner Mongolia Plateau

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of plant species diversity and functional composition (the identity of the plant functional groups) on ecosystem stability of Stipa, communities in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The research work was based on a 12-year study (from 1984 to 1995) of species abundance, diversity, and primary productivity of four Stipa communities, i.e. S. baicalensis Roshev., S. grandis P. Smirn., S, krylovii Roshev., and S. klemenzii Roshev. respectively. The Shnnon-Wiener index was used as a measurement of plant diversity, while functional composition was used to differentiate the functional groups that were included in the communities. The plant species of four Stipa communities were classified into functional groups based on the differences in life forms and ecological groups, which influence their performance in resource requirements, seasonality of growth, tolerance to water stress, and life history. Plant species were classified into five functional groups based on their differences in life form, shrubs and half shrubs, perennial bunch grasses, perennial rhizome grasses, forbs, annuals and biennials. Based on their differences in water requirement these species were classified into four functional groups: xerads, intermediate xerads, intermediate mesophytes, and mesophytes. The results showed: 1) Plant species diversity stabilized ecosystem processes. Shannon-Wiener index were 2.401 4, 2.172 0, 1.624 8, 0.354 3 from S. baicalensis community to S. grandis, S. krylovii and S. klemenzii community, respectively. The dynamics of the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) for a 12-year's period showed a reverse pattern, the coefficients of variation of the four communities were 21.94%, 20.63%, 29.21% and 39.72% respectively. 2) The Life form functional group component of diversity was a greater determinant of the ecosystem processes than the species component of diversity. The effects of perennial bunch grasses, perennial rhizome grasses and forbs on community stability were highly significant. 3) The ecological group component of diversity was also a great determinant of the ecosystem processes. The effects of xerads, intermediate xerads, and mesophytes on community stability were also very strong.

Patterns of species diversity and functional diversity of breeding birds in Hangzhou across an urbanization gradient

Given the rapid rise in human population and increasing urbanization,it is important to understand their potential impacts on biodiversity.From March 2007 to August 2007,we conducted bird surveys in 90 strip transects,each 3 km long and 100 m wide,along a gradient of urbanization in Hangzhou,China.This gradient spanned a range of urbanization levels including urban areas,rural-urban continuum areas,farming areas,mixed forest/farming areas and forested areas.We recorded 96 breeding bird species and classified them into nine functional groups based on nesting requirements.The nine functional groups consisted of canopy nesters,shrub nesters,canopy/shrub nesters,natural cavity nesters,building nesters,natural cavity/building nesters,ground nesters,water surface nesters and parasitic nesters.Species and functional diversities were estimated based on the Shannon-Wiener index.Environmental data of each transect as human disturbance,vegetation cover and building index were also measured,and a synthetic urbanization index of each transect was introduced based on these data.We used regression analyses to model the relationship of species abundance,species diversity,functional abundance and functional diversity with this synthetic index.The results show that urbanization significantly reduces species richness,species diversity,functional richness and functional diversity,but the specific patterns differed.The relationship between species abundance/species diversity and urbanization is linear.In contrast,the relationship between functional diversity and urbanization was quadratic.In other words,with increased urbanization,functional diversity declined only slightly at first but then dropped at an accelerating rate.This implies that,although moderate urbanization reduces species diversity of breeding birds,it affects functional diversity of breeding birds only slightly in Hangzhou.The regression analysis of species diversity and functional diversity suggests a quadratic relationship between species diversity and functional diversity,i.e.,a linear relationship between species diversity and functional diversity can only exist at low diversity levels across urbanization gradients and increasing species abundance does not lead to an increase in functional diversity at the highest diversity levels.

Metabolic Characteristics and Functional Diversity of Carbon Source in Microflora of Ponds with Recirculating Aquaculture System

With Biolog Eco microplate, metabolic characteristics and functional diver-sity of carbon source in microflora of ponds were researched based on recitculating ponds and control ponds in order to explore effects of eco-adjustments on microflo-ra in ponds. The results indicate that total number of bacterium, microbial metabolism activity, and diversity index in P7, P8, P1 and P2 kept higher, fol owed by P3, P4, P5 and P6. The utilization rate of microbes on sugars achieved the highest （31.0%-48.7%）, fol owed by carboxylic acid （13.4%-18.0%）, amino acid （10.1%-20.5%）, polymers （9.4%-17.0%）, biopolymer （5.7%-9.7%） and phenol （4.95%-7.50%）. Principal component analysis divided microflora in different ponds, suggesting that microbial community has varied carbon source characteristics and nitrogen-containing compound and biopolymer metabolisms are most affected.

Screening of Preprocessing Method of Biolog for Soil Microbial Community Functional Diversity

As one of the main methods of microbial community functional diversity measurement, biolog method was favored by many researchers for its simple oper- ation, high sensitivity, strong resolution and rich data. But the preprocessing meth- ods reported in the literatures were not the same. In order to screen the best pre- processing method, this paper took three typical treatments to explore the effect of different preprocessing methods on soil microbial community functional diversity. The results showed that, method B＇s overall trend of AWCD values was better than A and C＇s. Method B＇s microbial utilization of six carbon sources was higher, and the result was relatively stable. The Simpson index, Shannon richness index and Car- bon source utilization richness index of the two treatments were B〉C〉A, while the Mclntosh index and Shannon evenness were not very stable, but the difference of variance analysis was not significant, and the method B was always with a smallest variance. Method B＇s principal component analysis was better than A and C＇s. In a word, the method using 250 r/min shaking for 30 minutes and cultivating at 28 ℃ was the best one, because it was simple, convenient, and with good repeatability.

Discussion on Structure Evolution and Function Expansion of Agriculture in China

According to the characteristics of agricultural development during different periods, agricultural development was basically divided into traditional period, planning system period and household contracting pedod to discuss the related laws of agricultural development in China. The agricultural function expansion during different periods was analyzed in terms of agricultural structure evolution, while structural optimization and function expansion of modem agriculture in China were also studied. The results indicated that during the traditional period, agricultural structure emphasized feeding people and grain production while agricultural function reflected the economic function beyond surviving standard. During the planning system period, a unitary structural mode of agriculture was formed in China, which showed that agriculture was dominated by planting industry and planting industry was dominated by grain, while agriculture executed the mixed economic function beyond surviving and liv- ing standard. During the household contracting period, the industrial structure of agriculture in China gradually became diversification and optimi- zation, but as the economic function of industrial standard, agricultural development was still greatly inhibited. The structural evolution of modem agriculture in China must step forward towards collectivization and scale merit, while ecological function and social function of agriculture increas- ingly become important and the function of agricultural production becomes mere and more diverse.

Effects of Compound Phellinus igniarius(L.ex Fr.)Quel. Oral Liquid's Polysaccharide on the Immunologic Function of Mice

In this paper, the effects of compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s crude polysaccharide on the immunologic function of mice were studied from four aspects, namely, carbon clearance test of mice, macrophage phagocytosis of chicken red blood cel s in the enterocoelia of mice （semi-in vivo method）, the ratio of organ to body weight, natural kil er （NK） cel activity in mice （the determination of lactate de-hydrogenase assay）. The results showed that high-dosage group（40 mL/kg） of com-pound P. igniarius oral liquid can obviously enhance the ability of carbon clearance of mice; middle-（20 mL/kg） and high-dosage groups can significantly enhance the phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of chicken erythrocyte of mouse macrophage;low-（10 mL/kg）, middle- and high-dosage groups can significantly enhance NK cel activity of mice. These showed that compound P. igniarius oral liquid can enhance mononuclear-macrophage and NK cel activity. In conclusion, compound P. igniarius oral liquid’s polysaccharide can enhance immunologic function and significantly im-prove the specific and nonspecific immunologic function.

多功能床

我长大以后，想发明一张多功能床。 它有许多按钮。一到夏天，只要按红色的按钮，睡在上面，我们就会感到很凉快。冬天到了。寒冷的北风“呼呼”地吹着，只要一按黄色的按钮．睡在床上．就会让我们感到暖烘烘的；

Status of urban vegetation in Guangzhou City

According to a survey for the urban vegetation of Guangzhou, urban vegetation has a significantly difference from natural vegetation because of intense human impacts. The research was conducted in a synthetic survey for soil, species di-versity, roadside trees and ecological function of urban vegetation in Guangzhou City. The results showed that: (1) soil densi-ties of urban roadside and park forests were higher than mean density of natural forest soil. The pH values of soil in urban roadside were higher too, and the content of organic matter and the concentration of nitrogen were lower. (2) Species diversity of urban vegetation was lower. The most number of species was only 16 species in tree layers of urban forest. (3) Tree growth was limited by narrow space in high-density urban area, where the trees with defects and disorders were common. (4) Com-paring with mature natural forests, the productivity of urban vegetation was lower. The effect of urban vegetation on balance of carbon and oxygen were influenced by the low primary production of urban vegetation. Therefore, the growth condition for urban vegetation should be improved. Biodiversity, primary production and ecological function should be increased for urban vegetation in order to improve urban eco-environment.

Clinical Features of Renal Insufficiency due to Multiple Myeloma and Related Risk Factors

Objective: To study clinical features of the patients with multiple myeloma(MM) accompanied by renal insufficiency and investigate the related risk factors of renalimpairment. Methods: A control study of clinical characteristics was performed between 91 patientswith renal insufficiency due to MM and 165 patients with normal renal function in MM during the sameperiod. The data were statistically analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Renal insufficiency was the initial presentation in 48 (52.7%) of the 91 patients, and 30(62.5%) of the 48 patients were misdiagnosed. The prognosis of group with renal insufficiency wassignificantly poorer than that of group with normal renal function: mortality in 3 months, 3months-1 year was 26/91 vs 14/165 (P 【 0.0001), 14/91 vs 12/165 (P 【 0.05) respectively, andpatients survived 】 1 year was 18/91 vs 95/165 (P 【 0.0001). The incidence of hypercalcemia,hyperuricemic, severe anemia, high serum M-protein concentration and lytic bone lesions weresignificantly higher in renal insufficiency group than those in control group (P 【 0.05). Logisticregression analysis identified 5 risk factors of renal impairment, including, severe anemia(Exp(β)=13.819, P 【 0.0001), use of nephrotoxic drugs (Exp(β)=6.217, P = 0.001), high serumM-protein concentration (Exp(β) = 5.026, P = 0.001), male (Exp(β)=3.745, P=0.006), andhypercalcemia (Exp(β)=3A72, P=0.006), but age, serum density of uric acid, type of serum M-protein,and Bence Jones proteinuria were not significantly associated with renal insufficiency. Conclusion:Renal insufficiency was a common early complication of MM, which often resulted in misdiagnosis.The status of these patients tended to be very bad, with many other complications, when MM wasdiagnosed, so their prognosis was poor. The occurrence of renal insufficiency in patients with MMand hypercalcemia, severe anemia, high serum M-protein concentration, especially use of nephrotoxicdrugs should be alert.

Research on Stoichiometry of Early-spring Herbs Functional Group in the Subtropical Artificial Wetland

[Objective]The aim was to carry out stoichiometry on the early-spring herbs functional group in subtropical artificial wetland.[Method]UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for the determination of nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.Potassium persulfate absorptiometry was used for the measurement of total N content,while the flame photometer was used to detect the potassium and sodium concentration in plants.All the nutrient determination of plant samples were repeated for four times.[Result]The four nutrient concentrations in almost all samples were in the normal range of natural plant nutrition concentrations;in early-spring herbs functional groups,different species showed diversity on the nutrient concentrations;plant height had no significant effect on the nutrient concentrations in plants;the nutrient concentrations of non-grass group plants were higher than that of grass group plants;the nutrient concentrations of the annual herb were higher than that of perennial herbs.[Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the understanding of the effects of changes in nutritional conditions on species diversity,community structure and succession of the system.

Blind multiple watermarking algorithm for audio

To make digital watermarking accomplish several goals, a new method for simultaneously embedding multiple watermarks into the same audio signal is proposed. First, the original audio signal is segmented into frames of appointed lengths and all the element watermarks are encoded to achieve a mixed watermark. Then, the binary bits in the mixed watermark are embedded into the audio frames with the echo hiding technique. The watermark extraction can be performed without an original audio signal. Furthermore, in order to enhance the extraction accuracy and the robustness of the proposed algorithm against common signal manipulations, the autocorrelafion of the power cepstrum is utilized to estimate the echo delays in the watermarked audio frames to extract the mixed watermark and the corresponding decoding method is applied to achieve the element watermarks. Computer simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme has great robustness against common signal manipulations of Mp3 compressing, re-sampling, re-quantizing, low-pass filtering and white noise addition.

Protective Effect of phytolacca Acinosa Polysaccharides Ⅰ(PAP-Ⅰ)on Hematopoiesis in Cyclophosphamide-treated and 60￣Co-irradiated Mice

The protective effect of a kind of purified polysaccharides extracted from Radix of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb,with a molecular weight of 10 KDa,on hematopoiesis was investigated.Average survival time of mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CY) 300 mg/kg once alone was 13.3 ± 7.2d(n=7) however,average survival time of mice treated with CY 300 mg/kg in com-bination with PAP-1 10 mg/kg,3 times/wk was 36.7± 16.4d(n=7,P<0.01).PAP-1,ip had benefi-cial effect on the recovery of the CY induced decrease of peripheral leukocyte number,and the nu-cleated bone marrow cell(BMC)number and[3￣H]TdR uptaken by BMC induced by rmGM-CSF in S180 bearing mice treated with CY,In mice,after the first ip treatment with CY 100 mg/kg on d7,the peripheral leukocyte number decreased on d9 and recovered to normal level about d13 to d15. Such recovery was accelerated by administrating PAP-1,10mg/kg, 3 times/wk.A significant in-crease of the activity to form colony in spleen(colony-forming unit in spleen, CFU-S_8, CUF-S12) in mice irradiated with 550 rad 6O￣Co γ-rays and an enhancement of proliferative response of BMC to rmGM-CSF treated with PAP-1,10mg/kg,3 times/wk, ip were observed.After PAP-1,10 mg/kg,ip once,a significant increase in the number of peripheral blood leukocytes and a rise in the serum of colony stimulating factor(CSF) were also confirmed.The types of CSF in serum were M-CSF and other hematopoietic growth factors,which were confirmed by using McAb of IL-3, GM-CSF and PcAb of M-CSF. These beneficial effects of PAP-1 on hematopoiesis may be related to its activityinducing CSFs and other hematopoietic growth factors and warrant further evaluation of its use-fulness.

多功能拖把铲

妈妈特别爱干净，总把家里打扫得一尘不染。有时地板上有些黏性东西，很难扫，妈妈用铲子铲，用拖把拖，真辛苦。我想发明一个多功能工具来帮助妈妈扫地。

多功能房屋

我坐着时空穿suo机来到未来，发现未来真的很神奇。尤其是那些多功能房屋，让我觉得很惊讶。