媒体、公众与社会——解读杜琪峰电影《大事件》

《大事件》是杜琪峰电影作品中的一个＂异类＂。导演为了追求突发事件的新闻纪实感,以长镜头为手段创造了不一样的枪战场面。更在传统的警匪片类型之外,影片呈现了一场媒体、政府、匪徒（代表了另一个信息源）、受众这几种力量之间的较量和制衡。他以＂电影导演＂的身份、以香港社会为背景、以电影为手段表达对这些力量的理解,其观点有争议之处,但也启发了媒介时代的观众对于媒介角色、公众能动性、信源渠道等要素的思考。

从《大事件》中学危机公关

香港著名导演杜琪峰执导的电影《大事件》,叙述的是因为媒体对突发事件的意外报道,引发了公众对香港警察能力的质疑,警方为挽回声誉,通过大众传媒表演的一场捉拿匪徒的"媒体秀"。

试析传播学理论在电影《大事件》中的运用

随着数字媒体的迅速发展及整合营销传播时代的到来,媒介在政治、经济和社会文化中的作用日益显著。由于互联网信息传播的时效性及互动性,大数据时代受众的生活环境愈发透明,媒体传播环境发生了巨大变化。电影《大事件》塑造警察追踪疑犯对公众实时直播的情节,试图通过媒介的正面描绘树立英勇无畏的形象,体现了政府的媒介话语权,展现了媒体在事件传播中的独特作用。本文以《大事件》电影体现的传播媒体特性为例,结合电影体现的传播环境下的受众特征,分析"把关人"理论、议程设置理论以及虚拟环境理论在媒介信息传播过程中所起的作用。

博客电影《大事件》

去年年底刚刚爆出“杨翁恋”时，当娱记们还在满世界的找这一对儿，新浪上就赫然出现了二人在北京美术馆的亲密合影——这是一个博客拿手机偶然拍到的。现在，很多人用文字、图片、声音记录社会，并通过互联网传播，从引爆克林顿的“拉链门”到推倒《纽约时报》总编，从纪录战火的巴格达到“杨翁恋”的八卦消息，博客身影无处不在。

Influence range of emergency under special events based on CTM

To determine the dynamic influence range of emergencies under special events, the spacial and temporal characteristics of the traffic flow are studied by simulation based on the cell transmission model （CTM）. Based on the traffic management measures used under special events, a semi-dynamic assignment algorithm is proposed, which is combined with an algorithm for logit multi-path traffic assignment and the CTM. In a simple calculation network, the spacial and temporal characteristics of traffic flows which vary with different traffic management schemes are studied, and a method to obtain the influence range of emergency is proposed by computing the jam time of the intersections. By contrasting the average delay of each vehicle, the dissipation effect is studied under two different traffic management schemes. The example shows that the spatial and temporal variety of the traffic flow can be easily simulated and the influence range of emergency can be confirmed by the method based on the CTM. The proposed method provides a new idea for decision-making on traffic management under emergency under special events.

六月，电影让我们心猿意马

一进六月，我就有些无心工作。经常看着窗外的大街想入非非。没错，大街上的姑娘们打扮得越来越花枝招展穿得越来越清凉，不过那并不是让我走神的原因，或者说并不是睢一的原因真正令我心猿意马的是那些即将在六月揭开红盖头的新电影，布拉德·皮特奥兰多·布鲁姆、杜琪峰、罗兰·艾默里奇……每一个名字都能让我心驰神往上好半天当然，还有我的最爱：暴力与柔情并存美貌与智慧的化身全智贤一想起她有力的右勾拳我就又高兴又害怕拿，齐秦的话来说那叫痛并快乐着拿陈弈迅的歌词来说就是“一边享受一边泪流”。

Spatial-Temporal Variations of Dominant Drought/Flood Modes and the Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Ocean Events in Rainy Season over the East of China

By using Season-reliant Empirical Orthogonal Function (S-EOF) analysis, three dominant modes of the spatial-temporal evolution of the drought/flood patterns in the rainy season over the east of China are revealed for the period of 1960-2004. The first two leading modes occur during the turnabout phase of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) decaying year, but the drought/flood patterns in the rainy season over the east of China are different due to the role of the Indian Ocean (IO). The first leading mode appears closely correlated with the ENSO events. In the decaying year of El Nino, the associated western North Pacific (WNP) anticyclone located over the Philippine Sea persists from the previous winter to the next early summer, transports warm and moist air toward the southern Yangtze River in China, and leads to wet conditions over this entire region. Therefore, the precipitation anomaly in summer exhibits a 'Southern Flood and Northern Drought' pattern over East China. On the other hand, the basin-wide Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) plays a crucial role in prolonging the impact of ENSO on the second mode during the ENSO decaying summer. The Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) warming persists through summer and unleashes its influence, which forces a Matsuno-Gill pattern in the upper troposphere. Over the subtropical western North Pacific, an anomalous anticyclone forms in the lower troposphere. The southerlies on the northwest flank of this anticyclone increase the moisture transport onto central China, leading to abundant rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River valleys. The anomalous anticyclone causes dry conditions over South China and the South China Sea (SCS). The precipitation anomaly in summer exhibits a 'Northern Flood and Southern Drought' pattern over East China. Therefore, besides the ENSO event the IOBM is an important factor to influence the drought/flood patterns in the rainy season over the east of China. The third mode is positively correlated with the tropical SSTA in the Indian Ocean from the spring of preceding year(-1) to the winter of following year(+1), but not related to the ENSO events. The positive SSTA in the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea persists from spring to autumn, leading to weak north-south and land-sea thermal contrasts, which may weaken the intensity of the East Asia summer monsoon. The weakened rainfall over the northern Indian monsoon region may link to the third spatial mode through the 'Silk Road' teleconnection or a part of circumglobal teleconnection (CGT). The physical mechanisms that reveal these linkages remain elusive and invite further investigation.

Decadal Variations of Extreme Tropical Cyclones Influencing China during 1949-2009

Decadal variations of extreme tropical cyclones （TCs） influencing China were. investigated based on the tracks, landfall information, precipitation and wind data during 1949-2009. The extreme landfall date events are less in the 1970s and 2000s. The number of extreme events of maximum wind speed and minimum pressure near TC＇s center reached the highest in the 2000s. The extreme rain duration events had the highest frequence in the 1970s, and the extreme strong wind duration events had the maximum frequence in the 1980s. The number of stations whereat the extreme maximum daily precipitation or process precipitation is observed, is the largest in the 1960s, and the number of stations whereat daily maximum wind speed events axe observed, is the largest in the 1980s.

Sea surface temperature anomalies in the South China Sea during mature phase of ENSO

Based on the 18-year （1993-2010） National Centers for Environmental Prediction optimum interpolation sea surface temperature （SST） and simple ocean data assimilation datasets, this study investigated the patterns of the SST anomalies （SSTAs） that occurred in the South China Sea （SCS） during the mature phase of the E1 Nifio/Southem Oscillation. The most dominant characteristic was that of the out- of-phase variation between southwestern and northeastern parts of the SCS, which was influenced primarily by the net surface heat flux and by horizontal thermal advection. The negative SSTA in the northeastern SCS was caused mainly by the loss of heat to the atmosphere and because of the cold-water advection from the western Pacific through the Luzon Strait during E1 Nifio episodes. Conversely, it was found that the anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation and weakened western boundary current during E1 Nifio episodes led to the development of the positive SSTA in the southwestern SCS.

Characteristics and Changes of Cold Surge Events over China during 1960-2007

This paper demonstrates regional characteristics, a long-term decreasing trend, and decadal variations in the frequency of cold surge events based on daily mean temperature and daily minimum temperature data in China's Mainland from 1960 to 2008. During these 48 years four high frequency centers of cold surge events were located in Xinjiang, central North China, northeast China, and southeast China. A main frequency peak of cold surge events occurs in autumn for the four regions and another peak is detected in spring over northeast China and southeast China. The regional pattern of cold surge frequencies is in accordance with the perturbation kinetic energy distribution in October December, January, and February April. The long-term decreasing trend ( 0.2 times/decade) of cold surge frequencies in northeast China and decadal variations in China are related to the variations of the temperature difference between southern and northern China in the winter monsoon season; these variations are due to the significant rising of winter temperatures in high latitudes.

The Definition and Classification of Extensive and Persistent Extreme Cold Events in China

Using the observed daily temperatures from 756 stations in China during the period from 1951 to 2009 extensive and persistent extreme cold events (EPECEs) were defined according to the following three steps:1) a station was defined as an extreme cold station (ECS) if the observed temperature was lower than its 10th percentile threshold;2) an extensive extreme cold event was determined to be present if the approximated area occupied by the ECSs was more than 10% of the total area of China (83rd percentile) on its starting day and the maximum area occupied by the ECSs was at least 20% of the total area of China (96th percentile);and 3) an EPECE was determined to be present if the extensive extreme cold event lasted for at least for eight days.52 EPECEs were identified in this manner,and these identification results were also verified using other reliable data.On the basis of cluster analysis,five types of EPECEs were classified according to the spatial distribution of ECSs at their most extensive time over the course of the EPECE.

Development and psychometric assessment of the public health emergency risk perception scale:Under the outbreak of COVID-19

Objective:Correctly understanding and evaluating the level of public risk perception toward public health emergencies not only helps experts and decision-makers understand the public’s preventative health behaviors to these emergencies but also enhances their risk information communication with the public.The aim of this study was to develop a risk perception scale for public health emergencies and test its validity and reliability during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:Guided by the theoretical model of risk perception,an initial scale was generated through literature review,group meetings,resident interviews,and expert consultation.A pretest and item screening were then conducted to develop a formal risk perception scale for public health emergencies.Finally,the reliability and validity of the scale were validated through a questionnaire survey of 504 Chinese adults.Results:The final scale had 9 items.The content validity index of the scale was 0.968,and the content validity index of individual items ranged from 0.83 to 1.00.Three common factors,dread risk perception,severe risk perception,and unknown risk perception,were extracted for exploratory factor analysis,and together they explained 66.26%of the variance in the score.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had a satisfactory fit,whereχ^(2)/df=1.384,the goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.989,root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.028,root mean square residual(RMR)=0.018,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.995,normed fit index(NFI)=0.982,and non-normed fit index(NNFI)=0.990.The correlations between dimensions ranged from 0.306 to 0.483(P<0.01).Cronbach’s a was 0.793 for the total scale and ranged between 0.687 and 0.801 for the individual dimensions.The split-half coefficient was 0.861 for the total scale and ranged from 0.727 to 0.856 for induvial dimensions.The test-retest coefficient was 0.846 for the total scale and ranged from 0.843 to 0.868 for induvial dimensions.Conclusion:The developed scale for the risk perception of public health emergencies showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity,suggesting that it is suitable for evaluating residents’risk perception of public health emergencies.

Athletes Who Sparkle： Stereotypes in the Televised Coverage of the 2010 Olympic Figure Skating Events

A vast amount of research has been devoted to gender roles in mass media. Prior studies relating to gender roles in media coverage of sports have been typically centered on underrepresentation, negative stereotypical portrayals of female athletes, and iconic heroic portrayals of male athletes. However, few studies have examined media coverage of male participation in so-called ＂gender inappropriate＂ sports. This research seeks to fill a gap in literature by exploring gender cues presented in the televised coverage of male and female figure skating events in the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. The findings from this research indicate that male athletes who cross gender barriers to participate in a feminine sport are likely to receive gender-marked stereotypical televised coverage. Much of the significant findings indicate that male figure skaters were visually and verbally portrayed as more feminine than the female figure skaters. The study opens lines of research into how sports are portrayed and could potentially influence sport marketing, athlete endorsements, athlete wardrobe, and other decisions made by the media, athletes, and individuals working in the sport industry.

On the Second Borel-Cantelli Lemma for α-mixing Sequences of Events

In this paper, we give some conditions on diverging rate of series of the probabilities and converging rate of series of the α-mixing coefficients for sequences of events, under which the conclusion of the Second Borel-Cantelli Lemma holds. As corollaries, some moment conditions are obtained, under which the strong law of large numbers holds for sequences of identically distributed random variables.

Suspended sediment transport analysis in two Italian instrumented catchments

Suspended sediment transport in streams is an effective indicator of soil erosion at the watershed scale. This process was studied using the data obtained from two continuous monitoring stations installed in Italian watersheds, the Rio Cordon and Torrente CarapeUe. The catchments have substantially different climatic, morphological and land use characteristics. The Rio Cordon, a small Alpine watershed, has been monitored since 1986, while in the Torrente Carapelle, a medium-size Mediterranean watershed, the monitoring station has provided data since 2007. Several flood events with suspended sediment transport were isolated in the two catchments, excluding those determined by snowmelt in the Rio Cordon as this process does not affect the Carapelle watershed. Analysis of the events showed different behavior in terms of hysteresis loop trends between water discharge （m3 S-1） and suspended sediment concentration （g 1-1） values, as the Rio Cordon confirms clockwise relationships most frequently, while counter-clockwise trends represent the majority of cases for the Carapelle Torrent. The different behavior of the two watersheds was further analyzed by evaluating relationships between the main hydrological parameters related to suspended sediment transport. Runoff controls the total sediment budget in both catchments. In contrast, it was noted that the runoff process does not interfere in the magnitude of the suspended sediment transport in the Rio Cordon catchment, while variations due to the larger size of the catchment area characterize the events in the Carapelle watershed. Lastly, a flow peak threshold that determines the advance or delay of the hydrograph peak with respect to the sedigraph peak was established for the Carapelle Torrent, while it was not reported in the Rio Cordon.

Sites to Remember： Performing the Landscape in Cultural History

This paper aims to compare and contrast two site-specific performance productions, both designed to grapple with processes of cultural remembrance, whilst also operating as successful tourist attractions. The narratives encompassed by both productions revolve around shared Australian histories, for audiences attracted by place and what it is able to represent. Re-enactments of past events call into the present a consideration of what still remains, with both shows enabling new subjective interpretations of earlier times. The defining difference between the two, however, rests in the context of each performance, in the one case as a commodification of heritage and in the other case as the desire to produce an artistic yet popular theatrical product. Ballarat＇s, Sovereign Hill＇s light and sound show, Blood on the Southern Cross celebrates and commemorates, in mega-spectacle style, the Eureka Stockade, one of Australia＇s key historical events. Using a mechanised display of the original goldmining site of the Eureka rebellion, the performance is operated by computers with video-projection, multi-phonic sound, and moving model forms, with audiences moved around the massive site on transporters. The Piccolo Tales, a contrasting performance most notably in terms of size, unfolds the history of Kings Cross, through its setting in the miniscule iconic Piccolo Bar, in one of the tiny side streets of Sydney＇s bustling and densest suburb. This paper encompasses an investigation of how the cultural inscriptions of the two specific sites interweave with the performance styles, materials, political and social positioning of the works. Previous performance studies examining site-specificity are utilised, including the author＇s analysis of particular festival performances as ＂place-making＂ （Hayes, 2012, 2013）. Smith＇s （2009） model of ＂signposts＂ is used to consider acting within site-specific productions in a new light, whilst both performances are more completely analysed through Schneider＇s （2011） concept of incomplete pasts forming ＂cycles of memory＂.

Application of the Stress Evolutionary Model in Hebei Province,North China

Coulomb stress changes associated with strong earthquakes occurring since 1484 in Hebei Province,China are investigated. The North China block has had many large historical earthquakes and some damaging earthquakes in the past century,including the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M =7.8) . The study area and the adjacent areas of the province comprise the most active seismic fault zones and suffer from both strong and frequent events. The North China Block,which includes the Ordos plateau and the North China plain,is part of the Archean Sino-Lorean craton and one of the most active seismic regions in the world. Its movement is accommodated on major strike-slip intraplate fault zones that strike in the E-W direction. The faults in the study area contribute to the complexity of the stress field. Seismic hazard assessment in this region is attempted by calculating the change of the Coulomb failure function ( ΔCFF) arising from both the coseismic slip of strong events (MS≥6.5) and the stress built up by continuous tectonic loading on major regional faults. At every step of the stress evolutionary model an examination of possible triggering of each next strong event is made and the model finally puts in evidence that the fault segments that are apt to fail in an impending strong event,thus providing future seismic hazard evaluation. In this paper,the results of ΔCFF for Zhangjiakou fault, Xiadian fault and Langfang fault have been shown as examples to express the possiblity of generating future seismic hazard.

The Study of SINA micro-blog Opinion Leaders Effect on Network Public Opinion Transmission

Opinion leaders play a critical role in network public opinion transmission, their perspectives can shape public opinion and influence policy formulation and implementation. The paper is based on SINA micro-blog, by structural equation model, as Fudan Poisoning Event for example, On the basis of in-depth analysis of opinion leaders effect on network public opinion transmission characteristics, Explore the opinion leaders on the influence of network public opinion transmission mechanism, in order to better play a role of opinion leader＇s guidance of public opinion.