Data mining analysis of Professor Liu Shangyi＇s prescription characteristics in clinical medicine for the treatment of cancer patients with stomachache

Objective： To analyze National Chinese Medicine Master Liu Shangyi’s prescription characteristics of clinical medicinefor the treatment of cancer patients with stomachache. Methods： Data on prescriptions for cancer patients withstomachache between January 2014 and July 2016 were collected. The composing principles were analyzed byunsupervised data mining methods including Apriori algorithm in association rules and complex system entropy cluster.Results： Based on the analysis of 120 prescriptions, the frequency of each herb and association rules among the herbswere computed. Four core combinations and two new prescriptions were mined from the database. Compared to thebefore treatment, the clinical symptomatic grading of stomachache after treatment was lower （P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion：Professor Liu has been successful in the treatment of cancer patients with stomachache by prescribing medication thataids in activating blood circulation, removing dampness, and alleviating pain.

Traditional Chinese medicine Master XIONG Jibo’s medication experience in treating arthralgia syndrome through data mining

Objective This study aimed to examine and propagate the medication experience and group formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Master XIONG Jibo in diagnosing and treat-ing arthralgia syndrome(AS)through data mining.Methods Data of outpatient cases of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018,along with cases recorded in A Real Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor:XIONG Jibo's Clinical Medical Record 1,which was published in December 2019.The five variables collected from the patients’data were TCM diagnostic information,TCM and western medicine diagnoses,syndrome,treatment,and prescription.A database was established for the collected data with Excel.Using the Python environment,a custom-ized modified natural language processing(NLP)model for the diagnosis and treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo was established to preprocess the data and to analyze the word cloud.Frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis,and visual analysis of AS cases were performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(V3.0)and RStudio(V4.0.3).Results A total of 610 medical records of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from the case database.A total of 103 medical records were included after data screening criteria,which comprised 187 times(45 kinds)of prescriptions and 1506 times(125 kinds)of Chinese herbs.The main related meridians were the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.The properties of Chinese herbs used most were mainly warm,flat,and cold,while the flavors of herbs were mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The main patterns of AS included the damp heat,phlegm stasis,and neck arthralgia.The most commonly used herbs for AS were Chuanniuxi(Cyathu-lae Radix),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),and Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma).The most common effect of the herbs was“promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis”,followed by“supple-menting deficiency(Qi supplementing,blood supplementing,and Yang supplementing)”,and“dispelling wind and dampness”.The data were analyzed with the support≥15%and con-fidence=100%,and after de-duplication,five second-order association rules,39 third-order association rules,39 fourth-order association rules,and two fifth-order association rules were identified.The top-ranking association rules of each were“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)+Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”and“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)+Huangbo(Phello-dendri Chinensis Cortex)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”,respectively.Five clusters were obtained using cluster analysis of the top 30 herbs.The herbs were mainly dry-ing dampness,supplementing Qi,and promoting blood circulation.The main prescriptions of AS were Ermiao San(二妙散),Gegen Jianghuang San(葛根姜黄散),and Huangqi Chongteng Yin(黄芪虫藤饮).The herbs of core prescription included Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Mugua(Chaenomelis Fructus),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macro-phyllae Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen).Conclusion Clearing heat and dampness,relieving collaterals and pain,and invigorating Qi and blood are the most commonly used therapies for the treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo.Additionally,customized NLP model could improve the efficiency of data mining in TCM.

Intra-set correlation analysis of medical records of thyroid cancer treated by traditional Chinese medicine Master ZHOU Zhongying

Objective Based on intra-set correlation analysis, this paper deconstructs the clinical medical records of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Master ZHOU Zhongying in treating thyroid cancer, and analyzes the experience in “mechanism-syndrome-medicine-prescription” for thyroid cancer.Methods Through Medcase data processing platform, based on Frequent Pattern(FP)-Growth enhanced correlation analysis algorithm, the medical records of Professor ZHOU Zhongying for the treatment of thyroid cancer from June 1, 2001 to February 28, 2015 were analyzed within the set.Results This study involved 43 medical records, 43 patients, and 167 visits. After processing intra-set correlations, 28 groups of highly correlated symptoms, 21 groups of highly correlated tongue images, 10 groups of highly correlated pulse conditions, 28 groups of highly correlated pathogenesis, 34 groups of highly correlated herbs, and 26 groups of highly correlated western medicine diagnosis were selected. Professor ZHOU Zhongying treats thyroid cancer according to syndrome differentiation. Symptoms with more association rules included neck swelling, neck pain, cough, and dry mouth;tongue images with more association rules included dark purple tongue, dark red tongue, and fissured tongue;pulse conditions with more association rules were wiry pulse, thready pulse, small pulse, and slippery pulse;the pathogenesis with more association rules was phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation,and impairment of both Qi and Yin;herbs with more association rules were Chaihu(Bupleuri Radix), Zeqi(Sun Euphoribiae Herb), and Tiandong(Asparagi Radix);western medicine diagnosis with more association rules included thyroid cancer, insomnia, and chronic gastritis.Conclusion Thyroid cancer mostly presents as deficiency in origin and excess in manifestations. The basic pathogenesis is phlegm and blood stasis, damp-heat accumulation, and impairment of both Qi and Yin, which are closely related to liver, kidney, and spleen. Professor ZHOU Zhongying adopts both attack and supplement approaches as the general treatment principle, with a strong emphasis on regulating Qi and relieving depression, eliminating phlegm and resolving stagnation, eliminating dampness and turbidity, clearing fire and destroying poison, moistening dryness and softening hard mass, invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, and paying attention to nourishing liver and kidney, invigorating spleen and stomach,while protecting the heart and lungs.

Synchronous incidental gastrointestinal stromal and epithelial malignant tumors

AIM:To investigate the incidence of incidental gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and its etiopathogenesis.METHODS: From January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2007, 13 804 cases of gastrointestinal epithelial malignant tumor (EMT) and 521 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) were successfully treated with surgery at the Department of General Surgery and the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. The clinical and pathologic data of 311 cases of primary GIST, including 257 cases with clinical GIST and 54 cases of incidental GIST were analyzed.RESULTS: Of the 311 patients, 54 had incidental GIST, accounting for 17.4%. Of these tumors, 27 were found in 1.13% patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 22 in 0.53% patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), 2 in 0.38% patients with PAC, 2 in 0.03% patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, and 1 in one patient with GAC accompanying ESCC, respectively. Patients with incidental GIST presented symptoms indistinguishable from those with EMT. All incidental GIST lesions were small in size, and the majority had a low mitotic activity while only 1.9% (5/257) of clinical GIST lesions had a high risk.CONCLUSION: Incidental GIST may occur synchronously with other tumors and has a high prevalence in males. Surgery is its best treatment modality.

Meeting the ADA Guidelines of Diabetic Care at King Fahd Hospital of University, Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia in 2012

The main purpose of this study is determining the extent of achieving American Diabetes Association （ADA） targets in diabetes type I and II at KFUH （King Fahd Hospital of University） in the year of 2012. Observational, cross sectional, retrospective study was conducted on 479 patients; the informations were reviewed using Quadramed CPR system. All the data obtainedwere analyzed by medical statistician using SPSS program. The results show that only 19.0% was achieved the target of HbA~; and the targets of LDL, HDL and TG were achieved in 38.4%, 35.9%, and 48.2% respectively. The routine ophthalmology and dietitian review were found to be in only 32.1% and 27.3%, respectively. The use of medications recommended by ADA was 51.4% for aspirin and 54.7 % for both statin and ACE inhibitor. The present study indicated that most of the ADA guidelines were not achieved in our diabetic patients being followed in our center, which is almost similar to other studies in most of the parameters. The achievement of diabetes targets is a difficult task but may not be impossible. It requires a multidisciplinary approach. So, further studies are needed to determine the reasons behind the gap between practice and guidelines.

How to lead foreign students into Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is becoming much more international and widely accepted. More and more foreign students come to China's Mainland to study this great yet mysterious discipline. However, the current teaching methods are far from satisfaction. This paper analyzes some existing problems and contradictions present in the teaching practices and suggests some measures for improvement.

Start of the “China Autism Service Platform”

On April 1,themed with＂Different Colours,Same Beauty＂,the China Women＇s Development Foundation,together with No.6 Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University,the CCTV tower,Beijing Anding Hospital,and Beijing Association for Rehabilitation of Autistic Children,

Cloning of ACC Oxidase （ACO） Gene from Dendrobium officinale

Many studies suggest that ethylene plays an important role in regulating metabolite synthesis. Dendrobium plants are traditional Chinese medicine and nowadays its medicinal components are known to be secondary metabolites. In present study, a homolog of ACC oxidase （ACO） gene was isolated from flowers of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo by PCR-method. The obtained cDNA of DoACO is 970 bp long and contains an open reading frame （ORP） encoding a protein with 314 amino acid residues. The DoACO shows high identity to its homologues from other plant species, that has 94.8% closest amino acid sequence of related protein with the ACO from Dendrobium hybrid cultivar. The putative ORP of the obtained sequence could encode a proper protein in respect of molecular weight under T -Lac promoter in E. coli.

Common causes of geriatric medical emergencies in China

To the Editor One of the most significant demographic changes in our cotmtry is the increase in the elderly population. In China Mainland, the population aged 60 and older was 194 million in 2012, accounting for 14.3% of the total population. However, by 2053, it is estimated that the number of elderly will reach 487 million, representing 34.8% of the total population. Elderly patients represent an everncreasing populace in emergency medicine who often present with atypical signs and symptoms as well as eomorbidities that can complicate diagnoses and treatment.Ell The geographic factors and the developmental status of the country can influence the spectrum of common geriatric emergencies. Thus, this study presents a retrospective analysis of common causes of geriatric emergencies involving 9,628 elderly patients from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2013 in an emergency department in Beijing, China.

编前

《大国医》是中医学博士罗大中（又名罗大伦）先生的一个系列讲座。初听觉得罗先生简直像个说书的人，什么：“不知谁家养的一群鸭子，摇摇摆摆向村边的河里跑去……在一个简陋的房子里，一个男子在收拾包裹。他有点喝醉了，眼睛里泛着微微的红色……”这哪里像中医讲座？讲古代大医，就应该多讲他们所创立的理论，讲他们如何分析病情，如何治病。

Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine theory of lung being connected with large intestine

OBJECTIVE:The theory of lung being connected with large intestine,which is a major topic in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),has guided clinical practice for thousands of years in China.METHODS:In this study,we analyzed the history,main contents,clinical application,and material basis of the theory,to attempt to improve the potential clinical significance of "lung being connected with large intestine" in China.RESULTS:The lung being connected with large intestine was first described in "Huang Di Nei Jing",and formed one of the basic theories of TCM.For thousands of years,the majority of TCM practitioners explored this theory continuously,leading to its development and use as an important theory in the guidance of TCM clinics In the last decade,researchers in the field of integrated TCM and Western medicine have studied clinical applications and biomedical mechanisms with experimental methods to explore the implications of the theory.CONCLUSION:With the further development of science and technology,research concerning the theory of lung being connected with large intestine will be greatly stimulated and contribute to the modernization of TCM.

Development of medical treatment for eye injuries in the mainland of China over the past decade

In the article, the development of medical treatment for eye injuries in the mainland of China was reviewed. According to the data provided in Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study （EIVS）, 27% of 72 eyes with no light perception （NLP） gained recovery in term of antomy and visual function. Vitrectomy initiated at more than 4 weeks after open eye injury is an independent risk factor for developing PVR. Prognosis of anatomy and visual function of the injured eye with PVR is markedly worse than that without PVR. Serious injuries of ciliary body, choroid and retina are three key parts of the eye with NLP. The concept that the treatment of the eye injury gradually focus on the whole globe is embodied. The data from 13575 in patients with traumatic eyes in 14 hospitals revealed that the rate of immediate enucleation was remarkable reduced with comparison of 20 years ago.

Effect of polypeptide 2B1 on condition of dampness pattern in rats in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine

OBJECTIVE： This study investigated how polypeptide 2B1 is involved in regulating and governing dampness in rat models with dampness pattern defined in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine. METHODS： We randomly divided 48 SPF 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats into a normal group, normal ＋ Aristolochic acid I （AA-I） for 5 min group, normal ＋ AA-I for 60 min group, dampness pattern group （DS-Group）, dampness pattern ＋ AA-I for 5 rain tern ＋ AA-I for 60 min group, and dampness pat- group. Groups were then treated accordingly. We took out the lung, stom- ach, liver, spleen, kidney, large intestine, and small intestine tissues to detect gene and protein expres- sion of organic anion transporter polypeptide 2B1 （OATP2B1）. RESULTS= Gene expression of OATP2B1 in spleen, kidney, and small intestine of rats with dampness pattern was lower than that in normal rats （P〈0.05）. The gene expressions of OATP2B1 in liver, stomach, large intestine, and small intestine were lower than that in control rats at different time points after being stimulated by AA-I （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION There is coordination among multiple viscera in handling the condition of dampness, and the mechanism underlying the action may rely on regulating the expression of OATP2B1.

From solar terms to medical terms(PartⅡ):Some implications for traditional Chinese Medicine

In the traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), the timing of performing the treatment during the year is always an important factor for maximizing its effectiveness. Based on over half a century of observational and reanalysis data, a modified calendric system, named the Twenty-four Medical Terms(24-MTs), has been established for China's Mainland following a systematic calibration and geographical adjustment of the classic Twenty-four Solar Terms(24-STs). In view of "adapting the human body to the changing universe", a core philosophy of the TCM, this improved medical calendar is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of precise Chinese Medicine in the big data era. Specifically, two maps of localized timings for the so-called Triple-Fu(TF) and Triple-Jiu(TF) defined using a joint heat index of air temperature and relative humidity are created as an alternative to the two nationwide unified timings representing the warmest and coldest periods of the year. These location-specific medical calendars, with a maximum regional time shift of one week for TJ and a systematic advancing of 3.6–28.2 days for TF in China's Mainland, are thought to be clinically useful for carrying out precise TCM such as"treating winter deceases in summer". In addition, similar maps of localized timings for peak spring and peak autumn defined as the days of fastest warming and cooling around the years are generated for China's Mainland, so as to provide a helpful guidance for practicing season(ST/MT) related and geographically dependent precise health care in the context of "born in spring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn, and preserve in winter", which is a key ideology in the TCM.

Heat-sensitive moxibustion for lumbar disc herniation:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH).METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of LDH were retrieved from the Chinese Biological Medical Literature database(1978-20011),Weipu database(1989-2011),Wanfang digital journal(1998-2011),China National Knowledge Internet(1979-2011),PubMed(1966-2011),EMBASE(1980-2011),and Cochrane Library(Issue 1,2011).Hand-search of the relevant journals from the Library of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was also adopted for the collection of data.Data were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently with a specially designed extraction form.The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0.20 software was used for data analyses.RESULTS:A total of 6 trials involving 580 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that the total effectiveness rate in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group was significantly different when compared with conventional moxibustion [RR=1.19,95% CI [1.06,1.33)] and diclofenac sodium [RR=1.47,95% CI [1.17,1.85)],but similar to that of acupuncture.The cure rate in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group was significantly different when compared with conventional moxibustion [RR=1.58,95% CI(1.04,2.40)] and diclofenac sodium [RR=1.91,95% CI(1.01,3.60)],but similar with that of acupuncture.In terms of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores,significant differences were noted in subjective indices,objective indices,and daily life subscales.Two trials reported that there were no adverse events over the duration of treatment.CONCLUSION:Compared with conventional moxibustion,acupuncture,and diclofenac sodium,heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of LDH is superior in efficacy.Further large-scale trials are required to define the role of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of this disease.

Selected Study on Zhao Cui-ying’s Moxibustion Methods

Zhao Cui-ying, researcher, female, born in 1940, doctoral supervisor, is an instructor at the research studio of Shanghai famous and senior Chinese medical practitioners＇ academic experience, used to enjoy the special allowance of State Council. She graduated in 1964 from the Department of Medicine, Shanghai Second Medical University, and at the same year came to work in Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian up to today, used to be a director of the Immunology Research Room of Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, and a consultant of Grade 3 Laboratory of Acupuncture Immunology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is a vice chairwoman and deputy secretary general of Shanghai Professional Committee for the Respiratory Diseases of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine. Zhao Cui-ying has been engaged in the clinical, research and teaching work in the field of immune-related diseases treated by acupuncture and moxibustion for over 40 years, with abundant and distinguished experience, has undertaken over 10 state and provincial subjects and offered many important viewpoints in the research of acupuncture treatment of immune-related diseases, and has obtained several scientific and technological achievements, and published totally 80 academic papers, and has been honored with 10 awards, including 6 provincial awards. As a tutor or instructor, she has trained 7 doctoral students and 16 master students.

Analysis on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome elements and relevant factors for senile diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To explore the laws governing the distribution ofTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome elements (SEs) of senile diabetes (SD) and their relationship to relevant factors. METHODS: An investigation of patients who met the inclusion criteria was conducted by trained doctors, using case report forms. All related data were collected, including body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, illness course, complications, symptoms, and tongue and pulse manifestation. The SEs of each patient were judged by three qualified associate chief physicians independently. RESULTS: The main SEs of SD are Yin deficiency, Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and phlegm turbidity. Yindeficiency, Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and phlegm turbidity are most commonly seen among 4-SE combinations. Yang deficiency is typically related to illness course and BMI, phlegm turbidity to hypertension and hyperlipidemia, excessive heat to diabetic microangiopathy, and blood stasis to illness course and diabetic macroangiopathy. CONCLUSION: SD pathogenesis has a deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. Deficiency syndrome mainly manifests as deficiency of both Qi and Yin, and concurrently in Yang deficiency. Excess syndrome is characterized by blood stasis and phlegm turbidity. SEs analysis provides a basis for the prevention and treatment of SD with TCM and lays the foundation for objectively evaluating multicentric clinical research for SD inTCM.