论端木蕻良抗战小说的萨满教文化因子——从长篇小说《大江》、《大地的海》谈起

无论从主题学的层面还是从小说叙事的视角解读端木蕻良的抗战小说,都会发现其中存在着萨满教文化因子的介入和影响。作家对萨满教文化持有一种复杂的情感倾向,既否定了萨满教文化不合时宜的一面,又肯定了它合理性的一面。萨满教文化也直接参与了小说文本的艺术创造,使其抗战小说的诗化散文化具有了反叛传统的意义,而打上了鲜明的地域性文化的印迹。

Long-Term Statistics of Extreme Tsunami Height at Crescent City

Historically, Crescent City is one of the most vulnerable communities impacted by tsunamis along the west coast of the United States, largely attributed to its offshore geography. Trans-ocean tsunamis usually produce large wave runup at Crescent Harbor resulting in catastrophic damages, property loss and human death. How to determine the return values of tsunami height using relatively short-term observation data is of great significance to assess the tsunami hazards and improve engineering design along the coast of Crescent City. In the present study, the extreme tsunami heights observed along the coast of Crescent City from 1938 to 2015 are fitted using six different probabilistic distributions, namely, the Gumbel distribution, the Weibull distribution, the maximum entropy distribution, the lognormal distribution, the generalized extreme value distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution. The maximum likelihood method is applied to estimate the parameters of all above distributions. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and root mean square error method are utilized for goodness-of-fit test and the better fitting distribution is selected. Assuming that the occurrence frequency of tsunami in each year follows the Poisson distribution, the Poisson compound extreme value distribution can be used to fit the annual maximum tsunami amplitude, and then the point and interval estimations of return tsunami heights are calculated for structural design. The results show that the Poisson compound extreme value distribution fits tsunami heights very well and is suitable to determine the return tsunami heights for coastal disaster prevention.

Tectonics of the Indo-Australian Plate Near the Ninetyeast Ridge Constrained from Marine Gravity and Magnetic Data

Although the Indo-Australian plate near the Ninetyeast Ridge is important for understanding the formation of new plate boundaries, its tectonic problems are complex and most of them are poorly known. This paper made a detailed tectonic analysis based on the data of bathymetry, gravity and magnetics. Bathymetry and gravity maps show morphological features of many folds, which are related to the intraplate deformation of the Indo-Australian plate due to the collision between the Indian and Asian plates. Gravity anomalies show the structure of fracture zones, which are caused by the seafloor spreading and transform faulting. The characteristics of the folds and fracture zones are consistent with the hypothesis that diffuse plate boundaries and redefined plate components would occur within the Indo-Australian plate. In addition, compiled magnetic data demonstrate magnetic lineations, abandoned spreading centers, southward ridge jumps and plate motions. These features provide useful information for rebuilding the tectonic evolution history of the study area. Magnetic anomalies suggest that an additional plate boundary of transform fault type is developing.

端木蕻良年谱(上 续完)

（1938年）4月20日左右,与萧红回到武汉,定居小金龙巷。4月29日,下午与萧红、冯乃超、艾青等人出席胡风主持的＂七月社＂的＂现时文艺活动与七月研讨会＂。4月底,与从台儿庄战场到武汉的臧克家相识。5月17日,散文《燃烧——记池田幸子》和萧红散文《无题》同期发表于《七月》3集2期。5月31日,与萧红、臧克家等40余人参加文协举办的游园活动。5月中,长篇小说《大地的海》由上海生活书店出版。6月1日,散文《寄民族革命大学同学》发表于《七月》3集3期,同期还登出4月29日座谈会纪要;茅盾评论话剧《突击》的文章《突击》发表于《文艺阵地》1卷4期。