论高建群《大平原》的民间叙事学

高建群的长篇小说《大平原》,通过大量的民间语汇与诸多的民间文学体裁样式的运用,通过对许多栩栩如生的乡民形象的塑造,为读者描绘了一幅充满生气的民间生活画卷。这是作者民间叙事学的一般法则。这也是大多数乡土小说或以农村生活为小说题材的作家的艺术法则。高建群民间叙事学的独特性在于他所具有的评论家、思想家的品质和诗人气质。这种作家的主体性特征,一方面赋予小说《大平原》以独特的思想意义和个性化的艺术特色,另一方面也影响了作品民间叙事的纯粹性。

论高建群《大平原》中方言元素的审美价值

高建群的《大平原》是一部家族史,是以作者自己的家族为原型的,小说中渭河平原上高氏家族的主要人物的原型都是作者的亲人。在这部平原史和家族史中,作者使用了大量的陕西方言。值得注意的是,作者在不同的章节对方言的使用带有明显的倾向性,在讲述这一家族的时代变迁和命运沉浮的部分,作者选择以承载特定情感的方言来书写;而在其余的部分,作者则极少甚至完全不使用方言书写,尤其在一些典型人物形象的塑造以及追忆往事的章节中,这种倾向性尤为突出。这种倾向性可以看作是一种艺术的返乡,在思想情感的驱动下,作者将浓厚的乡土情感以“本色”化的语言书写,使小说具有独特的艺术价值。借助着方言元素来讲故事,作者于乡土化的表达方式中也完成了一场对精神家园的探寻。

从方言密码透视高建群《大平原》的多元主题

陕籍作家高建群的代表作《大平原》主题丰富多元,透过小说中的一些方言密码,可以更深入地诠释作品的主题。从“浑全”到“失殛”,四个字揭示了一家人从成员个个健全到灾难中倒毙丧生、家破人亡的极度惨状;“瞎”了心指的是人对于良知的丧失以及对道德传统的背弃和破坏,即小说中主人公对原生家庭的挣脱;“歇”,则寓示着中国传统文化中君父居高临下对臣子覆压态势,即小说中的父子微妙关系。对方言元素的运用使得《大平原》具有浓郁的地域特色,对作品中方言元素价值的探究亦可以丰富方言及地域文化的研究。

大平原

一在西山或南山，晨光洒下——两座寺院的屋顶泛着金光，落叶在昨夜洒下，在今晨也泛着金光。三两个僧人，沐浴在晨光中，他们心无旁骛，低头清扫寺里院外，山下信众已经启程；正在途中。

Environmental Evaluation of Springs in the Intensely Cultivated and Industrialized Inland Plain of Cuneo （Northwest Italy）

Sixty springs of the Cuneo Province inland plains were sampled and analyzed for several chemical variables. Multi-variate analysis （PCA） of all the data was undertaken. The first principal component was positively correlated with chlorides, sulphites, hardness, and negatively correlated with altitude. The second principal component was positively correlated with DO and pH. Results showed that 4 groups of springs could be distinguished on the basis of environmental variables. A small number of springs did not group with the geographically more proximal springs but with another group due to a greater degree of affinity on the basis of the hydrochemical variables.

Influence of Planting Date on the Growth and Yield of Different Maturity Group of Soybeans in the Southeastern Coastal Plains of USA

Planting date is a critical component of soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] production, under dry land conditions in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. The objectives of this study were to 1. Evaluate the effect of planting date on plant leaf area index （LAI） and normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） at 60 and 90 days after planting （DAP）, plant height and grain yield, and 2. Determine the optimum planting period by integrating the responses from vegetation growth to yield for soybean maturity group （MG） IV-VIII under dry land conditions in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Planting dates were scheduled about 14-days intervals from late April to mid-July （2008） or late July （2009）. Greatest grain yield for MG IV was obtained from planting in around mid-May in both years. The yield was greater for MG V planted in May and greater for MG VI-VIII planted in late April and May, but started to decline for planting in early June. Plant LAI and NDVI at 60 DAP were affected by both planting date and precipitation, but were poorly correlated with grain yield. However, plant LAI and NDVI were well correlated with yield and were greater for May planting dates at 90 DAP. These indiccs declined for soybean planted after May. Mature plant height decreased more rapidly with delayed planting. These results indicate that plant growth and yield decreased after May planting. Optimum planting period for all MGs was early to mid-May.

Effect of aloe-emodin on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cells in culture after arterial injury

Objective To observe the effect of aloe-emodin on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) after arterial injury and study the molecular mechanism of inhibition of aloe-emodin on SMC proliferation.Methods Deendothelialization was performed at the abdominal aorta in Japanese white rabbits using a 3F Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter. 48 hours later, the medium of abdominal aorta was isolated and primary SMCs culture was performed. Cells were synchronized to G0 by serum starvation, then aloe-emodin at a concentration of 20?μg/ml was added to the culture medium containing 10%［v/v］ fetal calf serum. Vehicle was also added to the medium as a control. After 18 hours, the expression of PCNA at the level of mRNA and protein were examined using techniques of RT/PCR, Western blotting and inmmunocytochemistry respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of PCNA mRNA and protein was prominently decreased after addition of aloe-emodin. Conclusion The inhibition of aloe-emodin on SMCs proliferation may be caused by inhibiting the expression of the PCNA gene.

The stars hang down over the great emptiness of the level plain, and the moon bobs on the running waters of the Great River： thirty years of New Era research on the essay

New Era research on the essay and other occasional writing already has a history of thirty years. For various reasons, however, such research has consistently been slighted and condemned. This article offers a systematic and comprehensive review and analysis of the last thirty years of research in this field in terms of writers and their works, research on special topics, and the construction of the history and theory of this genre, and explores the reasons why it has been slighted for so long. To deepen and broaden this research in the new century, we must exert ourselves in three areas： first, we must adopt a modern vision of criticism of the essay; second, we must ＂digest Western theories＂ and ＂Sinicize essay writing and research＂; and third, we must change our research methods and way of thinking. These three points not only offer an important dimension for understanding and solving contemporary issues relating to the essay, but also have methodological significance for research.

Effect of Wuziyanzong pill on levels of sex hormones, and expressions of nuclear- associated antigen Ki-67 and androgen receptor in testes of young rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Wuziyanzong pill on the levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T) and the expressions of nuclear-associated antigen Ki67(Ki67), androgen receptor(AR) in testes of young rats.METHODS: Sixteen 20-day-old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control and treatment group(n = 8). Rats in treatment group were administered Wuziyanzong pill by gavage; rats in control group administered the same volume of saline. After 10 days of treatment, the rats were killed, and then serum and testes were taken. The levels of FSH, LH and T were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The histology of seminiferous tubule was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The expression of Ki67 was detected by immunohistochemical assay(IHC). The m RNA level of Ki67, ARand CK-18 was detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(Q-RT-PCR), the protein level of AR and CK-18 were tested by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with control group, T level in treatment group increased significantly(P < 0.05).HE staining showed that both leydig cells and germ cells increased in treatment group. Expressions of Ki67 and AR became higher after treatment. There were no changes in CK-18 expression.CONCLUSION: Wuziyanzong pill can up-regulate AR level to promote germ cell proliferation and differentiation in young male rats.

Stochastic maximum principle for mean-field forward-backward stochastic control system with terminal state constraints

In this paper,we consider an optimal control problem with state constraints,where the control system is described by a mean-field forward-backward stochastic differential equation(MFFBSDE,for short)and the admissible control is mean-field type.Making full use of the backward stochastic differential equation theory,we transform the original control system into an equivalent backward form,i.e.,the equations in the control system are all backward.In addition,Ekeland's variational principle helps us deal with the state constraints so that we get a stochastic maximum principle which characterizes the necessary condition of the optimal control.We also study a stochastic linear quadratic control problem with state constraints.

Optimal harvest of an interval model of carbon sink fisheries with multi-trophic levels

Considering the uncertainty of kelp-abalone-sea cucumber population, an interval model of carbon sink fisheries with multi-trophic levels is proposed. The equilibria of the model are identified and the corresponding stabilities are discussed. And the existence of bionomic equilibrium of the model is investigated. Next the optimal controller is designed to obtain the optimal harvest using Pontryagin＇s maximum principle. Numerical simulations are carried to prove the results.