“人生一世间,忽若暮春草”——论古马《大河源》的创作

古马作为西部诗歌的代表诗人之一,扎根充满地域色彩与民俗风情的西部地区,选择西部自然意象与人文历史义项,构建自己古典、脱俗又清新深远的诗歌世界。在寂静这一美学意图与精神向度的指引下,古马将传统与现代相统一,在诗歌创作中追求具有超越性的生命意识,进而在现代社会中显现出别具一格的个体精神与生活体验。

Quantitative research of annual runoff distribution characteristics in the Dagujia River basin,Yantai,China

Mann-Kendall method and minimum variance method are used in this study to analyze the mean value variable-point of the runoff data observed by Fushan Hydrological Station in the Dagujia River basin from 1966 to 2004. Based on the results, the runoff time is divided into four periods with the similar hydrological variation character. The annual runoff distribution characters in the Dagujia River basin are discussed by using the non-uniform coefficients, concentration degree and concentration period, variation range, etc. The results indicate that: (1) River runoff is very unevenly distributed throughout the year in Dagujia River. About 90% of runoff is in the period from June to October, while the runoff from November to April of the next year is lower. (2) The annual runoff distribution characters during 1966-1971 are very similar to that of 1982-1996, and the runoff of 1972-1981 is almost similar to that of 1997-2004. (3) The annual runoff distribution characters have changed obviously during 1997-2004 compared with the other periods, which makes it more difficult to exploit and use the water resource in the future.

Research on the Probability of Earthquake Occurrence in the Daduhe Drainage Area

This paper applies the Seismic Hazard Analysis method for the cities of China to research on the probability of earthquake occurrence in the Daduhe drainage area,where the cascade dam system is located.This research is based on the potential seismic source scheme of the Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China(2001),and uses Poisson distribution as an earthquake occurrence model.Earthquake magnitude obeys truncated exponential distribution.The spatial distribution function of the potential seismic source zone is taken as the first-class spatial probability distribution,and the homogeneous probability distribution in the potential seismic source zone as the second-class spatial probability distribution.Considering the seismic intensity attenuation relationship of western China,we compute the occurrence probability of an earthquake around magnitude 6.0(5.5～6.5),7.0(6.5～7.5)and over 7.5 in the Daduhe drainage area,where 22 series cascade dams will be built.The results can be used for hydropower plant planning,hydropower dam site selection and seismic fortification.

The Impacts of Climate Change on Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia

An analysis of historical data of Fitzroy River, which lies in the east coast of Australia, reveals that there is an increasing trend in extreme floods and droughts apparently attributable to increased variability of blue and green waters which could be due to climate change. In order to get a better understanding of the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the study area for near future as well as distant future, SWAT （soil and water assessment tool） model was applied. The model is first tested for its suitability in capturing the basin characteristics with available data, and then, forecasts from six GCMs （general circulation model） with about half-a-century lead time to 2046-2064 and about one-century lead time to 2080-2100 are incorporated to evaluate the impacts of climate change under three marker emission scenarios： A2, A1B and B 1. The results showed worsening water resources regime into the future.

The Optimal Energy Management for Lighting of Bank in GMS （Greater Mekong Sub-region） Countries

As a result of the high economic growth in GMS （Greater Mekong Sub-region） countries, bank branches have now expanded at high rate. The expansion of new buildings, however, has not considered energy, especially lighting system, in the design stage. This paper presents the optimal energy management design of lighting system for the bank buildings in the countries along Mekong River, namely China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Thailand. The lighting system is considered in the study as most of the countries use T8 fluorescent luminaires. The LCC （life cycle cost） method has been considered for the installation and operational cost. The assumed benefit-cost ratio analysis comprises of the lifetime cycle, price of fluorescent lamps, electricity unit price, operating times and hours of lighting bulb. The T8 fluorescent luminaires with low watt loss ballast are compared with T5 fluorescent luminaires and LED lamps. Electricity rates and the cost of the investment are considered to determine the suitable selection of the lighting system in each GMS country.

A stress-rifting origin of Grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon is a massive rift in the Colorado Plateau. How and when it developed has been debated for nearly 150 years. Most geologists believe the unusual landscape was primarily shaped by water erosion.Here we propose a stress-rifting model to provide an alternative explanation for the origin of Grand Canyon.This paper adopts a brittle–ductile double layer model to simulate the deformation and rifting of the plateau due to the mantle-melting-induced expansion. Our results show that the uplift induced by thermal expansion and its associated horizontal extension can cause open fractures that extend from the brittle surface to the underlying ductile layer in a top-down way. In addition, we find that episodic uplift can deepen and connect multiple fractures together to form a larger fracture network. Our findings suggest that the formation of the Grand Canyon might have been driven by plateau uplift and its associated rifting under crustal extension, wherein water erosion played only a minor role in shaping the course of the Colorado River. The new paradigm provides simpler explanations to some of the long-standing geological mysteries surrounding the canyon.