《聊斋志异·大男》与《邂逅物语》——以妻妾易位的妒妇故事为中心

《聊斋志异》对日本文学影响深远,许多近代文豪对它进行译介和改写。日本对《聊斋志异》的改写历史可以追溯到江户时代,出版于宽政九年(1797)的“初期江户读本”《邂逅物语》就是《聊斋志异·大男》的改写作品。作为小说长篇化的尝试,《邂逅物语》对短篇小说《大男》的内容进行了大幅度扩写,展现了作者云府观天步的创作意图;但另一方面,它的故事框架和行文都与《大男》十分相似,对底本依赖严重。此外,《邂逅物语》相比《大男》更进一步强调作品的教化作用,反映出宽政改革对江户文学的影响。

影响研究:从可视到不可视——读大塚幸男的《比较文学原理》

大塚幸男视界中的从可视到不可视的影响研究,不仅把"真正的影响"看做"创造的刺激",而且将繁杂的影响问题梳理和充实成便于操作的"事项",并强调予以做出审美价值判断,显然有别于影响研究的传统程式。

Effect of Batroxobin on Expression of C-Jun in Left Temporal Ischemic Rats with Spatial Learning and Memory Disorder

The effect of Batroxobin on expression of c-Jun in left temporal ischemic rats with spatial memory disorder was investigated by means of Morri's water maze and immunohistochemistry methods. The results showed that the mean reaction time and distance of temporal ischemic rats for searching a goal were significantly longer than those of sham-operated rats, and at the same time c-Jun expression of left temporal ischemic region was significantly increased. However, the mean reaction time and distance of Batroxobin-treated rats were shorter and they used normal strategies more often and earlier than those of ischemic rats. The number of c-Jun immune reactive cells of Batroxobin-treated rats was also less than that of ischemic group. In conclusion, Batroxobin can improve spatial memory disorder in temporal ischemic rats, and the down-regulation of the expression of c-Jun is probably related to the neuroprotective mechanism.

Male Breast Cancer:10-Year Experience at Mansoura University Hospital in Egypt

Objective Male breast cancer （MBC） is a rare disease representing less than 1% of all malignancies. The objective of the study is to report clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of MBC in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. Methods This retrospective study focused on male breast cancer patients during 10 years （2000-2009）. The studied variables were data regarding general characteristics of patients, treatment modalities and survival. Results The series included 37 patients （0.8% of all breast cancer）. The median age was 57.7 years （range： 26-86 years）. The main clinical complaint was a mass beneath the areola ill 94.5% of the cases. Most patients had a locally advanced disease. 94.5% of tumors were invasive duct carcinomas. The treatment was essentially surgery in 91.8%, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy （in 89.2%）, hormonal therapy （in 56.7%） and chemotherapy （in 91.8%）. Follow-up period ranged from 6-115 months. Local recurrence occurred in 4 cases and metastasis in 11 cases. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival （OS） rates were 81.6% and 60.5%, respectively. The 2-year and 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） rates were 68.4%, and 52.6%, respectively. OS was not significantly affected by any of the studied parameters. Factors influencing DFS were： T stage （P=0.05）, positive lymph nodes （P=0.043）, metastasis （P=0.004）, and chemotherapy （1＇=0.046）. Conclusions MBC is a rare disease and often diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. The management of male and female breast carcinoma is identical. Future research for better understanding of this disease is needed to improve the management and prognosis of male breast cancer patients.

Effect of Batroxobin on Neuronal Apoptosis During Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

We have found that Batroxobin plays a protective role in ischemic brain injury, which attracted us to investigate the effect of Batroxobin on apoptosis of neurons during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The apoptotic cells in ischemic rat brains at different reperfusion intervals were tested with method of TdT-mediated dUTP-DIG nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the effect of Batroxobin on the apoptosis of neurons was studied in left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) occlusion and reperfusion in rat models (n = 18). The results showed that few scattered apoptosis cells were observed in right cerebral hemispheres after LMCA occlusion and reperfusion, and that a lot of apoptosis cells were found in left ischemic cortex and caudoputamen at 12 h reperfusion, and they reached peak at 24 h-48 h reperfusion. However, in the rats pretreated with Batroxobin, the number of apoptosis cells in left cerebral cortex and caudoputamen reduced significantly and the neuronal damage was much milder at 24 h reperfusion than that of saline-treated rats. The results indicate that administration of Batroxobin may reduce the apoptosis of neurons induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and afford significant cerebroprotection in the model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Plasma homocysteine levels are independently associated with alterations of large artery stiffness in men but not in women

Objectives To investigate the associations of the plasma homocysteine levels with the alterations in arterial stiffness in a commu- nity-based cohort. The gender differences in these associations were examined. Methods We evaluated the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels to three measures of vascular ftmction [carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity （CF-PWV）, carotid-ankle PWV （CA-PWV） and heart rate corrected augmentation index （AI）] in 1680 participants （mean age： 61.5 years; 709 men, 971 women） from communities of Beijing, China. Results In univariate analysis, plasma homocysteine levels was positively related to the CF-PWV （r = 0.211, P 〈 0.0001） and CA-PWV （r = 0.148, P 〈 0.0001）, whereas inversely associated with AI （r = -0.052, P = 0.016）. In multiple linear regression models adjusting for covariants, plasma homocysteine remained positively related to the CF-PWV （standardized 13 = 0.065, P = 0.007） in total cases. When the groups of men and women were examined separately, plasma homocysteine remained positively associated with the CF-PWV （standardized β = 0.082, P = 0.023） in men, whereas the relations between homocysteine and any of the arterial stiffness indices were not further present in women. Conclusions In Chinese population, plasma homocysteine levels are independently associated with alterations of large artery stiffness in men but not in women.

＂Mass Production＂ in the Mass Consumption Societies The Case of Male Bodybuilding

Nowadays, the body seems to be the perfect object of consumption. People use it to define themselves but also as a vehicle that can send signs to others in the hope that their body will be a factor of social integration and social recognition. Hence we can observe the development of practices of body transformations which go along with the philosophy of the society in which everything seems possible for everybody, with no limit whatsoever. Indeed, if you want your body to be seen, you have to ＂produce＂ it before. The practice of bodybuilding sustains efforts in that direction： historically born and developed along with the consumption society, it came to embody its values. The analysis is based on qualitative methodology that is observations in three bodybuilding Gyms and 30 interviews with bodybuilders in France. The results show that bodybuilding reflects the consumption society＇s norms, that is a practice in which the body is in tension between imitation and distinction, hence showing the will to be ＂like others but in better＂ thanks to the production of a nice and ＂massive＂ body. Such a dimension could sometimes be dialectical, when the body becomes a source of alienation.

What is the most cost-effective strategy to screen for second primary colorectal cancers in male cancer survivors in Korea?

AIM： To identify a cost-effective strategy of second primary colorectal cancer （CRC） screening for cancer survivors in Korea using a decision-analytic model. METHODS： A Markov model estimated the clinical and economic consequences of a simulated 50-year- old male cancer survivors＇ cohort, and we compared the results of eight screening strategies： no screening, fecal occult blood test （FOBT） annually, FOBT every 2 years, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, double contrast barium enema every 5 years, and colonoscopy every 10 years （COL10）, every 5 years （COL5）, and every 3 years （COL3）. We included only direct medical costs, and our main outcome measures were discounted lifetime costs, life expectancy, and incremental cost- effectiveness ratio （ICER）. RESULTS： In the base-case analysis, the non-dominat- ed strategies in cancer survivors were COL5, and COL3. The ICER for COL3 in cancer survivors was $5593/life- year saved （LYS）, and did not exceed $10000/LYS in one-way sensitivity analyses. If the risk of CRC in can- cer survivors is at least two times higher than that in the general population, COL5 had an ICER of less than $10500/LYS among both good and poor prognosis of index cancer. If the age of cancer survivors starting CRC screening was decreased to 40 years, the ICER of COL5 was tess than $7400/LYS regardless of screening compliance. CONCLUSION： Our study suggests that more strict and frequent recommendations for colonoscopy such as COL5 and COL3 could be considered as economically reasonable second primary CRC screening strategies for Korean male cancer survivors.

Catgut Point-Embedding Therapy in Treatment of 76 Cases of Ulcerative Colitis

In recent years, our department has adopted a catgut point-embedding therapy in the treatment of 76 cases of chronic ulcerative colitis, with quite good therapeutic effects. The following is a report of it.Clinical DataOf 76 cases we treated, 32 were male, and 44 female, with the ages ranging from 23 to 65 years and the duration of illness from 6 months to 20 years.All the cases complained of chronic diarrhea, most of them had mucous and blood stool, and some had tenesmus. Sigmoscopic findings showed that all the cases had varying degrees of colic mucosal congestion and edema, fragile mucosa easy to bleed upon touching, or rough mucosa with multiple ulcers varying in size, shape, and depth.

The Oral Language as the Primary Medium Among Men

Nowadays, language has gained great importance due to mass media which allows men to interact with other people anytime and anywhere. Some issues arise： Do media change the way we communicate？ Are there any means in particular that can help people to communicate better？ This paper finds the route for individuals to communicate better, understand each other, and promote values of both our society and culture demand. Three main issues are presented to reach this goal： Firstly, the platonic theory about names, if things are called by convention or by its nature. Secondly, three methods by which these names are used： the grammar, the rhetoric, and the dialectics. Lastly, how orality is a fundamental means for human communication. Each of these subjects will become arguments to support that dialogue is the most suitable and human way for men to communicate, because it gives the necessary tools to man to build himself according to his nature, that is to say, the search for the good and the rational perfection.

Voters＇ Perception of Male and Female Political Leaders

This study presents the possibilities and particularities of political communication subject Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party （SDKU-DS） convergence during Slovak premature elections in 2012. The significance is being drawn to the identification of formal and informal political party leader personalization of effectivity. By using semantic differential method, we are identifying how students from internal and external study programmes of mass media studies specialization perceive political candidates of SDKU-DS, with the emphasis on gender differentiation of perception

32 CASES OF FEMORAL ADDUCTORS SYNDROME TREATED BY ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

The syndrome of femoral adductors is a common disorder of the sport injury. It is manifested by pain in the pubic and medial femoral regions, which is exacerbated by walking and squatting down. The author had treated 32 cases of the syndrome by electroacupuncture and moxibustion with satisfactory therapeutic results as reported in the following.

Twenty-eight Cases of Neuritis of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh Treated by Acupuncture and Point-Injection

Neuritis of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, also called meralgia paresthetica, is a commonly encountered disease in clinical practice. The author has treated 28 cases of meralgia paresthetica since 1996 by acupuncture plus point-injection with satisfactory results. A report follows.Clinical Data Among the 28 cases, 13 were male and 15 female. Their age ranged from 24 to 72 years, most of the patients being 35 to 50 years; the duration of illness varied from one month to ten years and 6 cases were affected on left side, 8 cases on right side and 14 cases on both sides.

No association between brain size and male sexual behavior in the guppy

Animal behavior is remarkably variable at all taxonomic levels. Over the last decades, research on animal behavior has focused on understanding ultimate processes. Yet, it has progressively become more evident that to fully understand beha- vioral variation, ultimate explanations need to be complemented with proximate ones. In particular, the mechanisms generating variation in sexual behavior remain an open question. Variation in aspects of brain morphology has been suggested as a plausible mechanism underlying this variation. However, our knowledge of this potential association is based almost exclusively on com- parative analyses. Experimental studies are needed to establish causality and bridge the gap between micro- and macroevolutio- nary mechanisms concerning the link between brain and sexual behavior. We used male guppies that had been artificially selected for large or small relative brain size to study this association. We paired males with females and scored the full known set of male and female sexual behaviors described in guppies. We found several previously demonstrated associations between male traits, male behavior and female behavior. Females responded more strongly towards males that courted more and males with more orange coloration. Also, larger males and males with less conspicuous coloration attempted more coerced copulations. However, courting, frequency of coerced copulation attempts, total intensity of sexual behavior, and female response did not differ between large- and small-brained males. Our data suggest that relative brain size is an unlikely mechanism underlying variation in sexual behavior of the male guppy. We discuss these findings in the context of the conditions under which relative brain size might affect male sexual behavior .