Different functional polystyrenes were synthesized and the adsorptions of microcystin-LR onto those resins were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation. Both adsorption pH and surface properties had a con...Different functional polystyrenes were synthesized and the adsorptions of microcystin-LR onto those resins were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation. Both adsorption pH and surface properties had a considerable effect on the adsorption amount, while adsorption temperature was less significant. Ammonium polystyrene would be a better candidate for microcystin-LR adsorption at neutral pH conditions.展开更多
Inhomogeneities in the daily mean/maximum/ minimum temperature （Tm/Tmax/Tmin） series from 1960- 2008 at 549 National Standard Stations （NSSs） in China were analyzed by using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Hom...Inhomogeneities in the daily mean/maximum/ minimum temperature （Tm/Tmax/Tmin） series from 1960- 2008 at 549 National Standard Stations （NSSs） in China were analyzed by using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization （MASH） software package. Typical biases in the dataset were illustrated via the cases of Beijing （B J）, Wutaishan （WT）, Urumqi （UR） and Henan （HN） stations. The homogenized dataset shows a mean warming trend of 0.261/0.193/0.344℃/decade for the annual series of Tm/Tmax/Tmin, slightly smaller than that of the original dataset by 0.006/0.009/0.007℃/decade. However, considerable differences between the adjusted and original datasets were found at the local scale. The adjusted Tmin series shows a significant warming trend almost everywhere for all seasons, while there are a number of stations with an insignificant trend in the original dataset. The adjusted Tm data exhibit significant warming trends annually as well as for the autumn and winter seasons in northern China, and cooling trends only for the summer in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of central China and for the spring in southwestern China, while the original data show cooling trends at several stations for the annual and seasonal scales in the Qinghai, Shanxi, Hebei, and Xinjiang provinces. The adjusted Tmax data exhibit cooling trends for summers at a number of stations in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and for springs and winters at a few stations in southwestern China, while the original data show cooling trends at three/four stations for the annual/autumn periods in the Qinghai and Yunnan provinces. In general, the number of stations with a cooling trend was much smaller in the adjusted Tm and Tmax dataset than in the original dataset. The cooling trend for summers is mainly due to cooling in August. The results of homogenization using MASH appear to be robust; in particular, different groups of stations with consideration of elevation led to minor effects in the results.展开更多
The measurement accuracy of a wind tunnel balance is the key factor to improve the measurement accuracy for a test model in the wind tunnel. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the wind tunnel balance, a g...The measurement accuracy of a wind tunnel balance is the key factor to improve the measurement accuracy for a test model in the wind tunnel. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the wind tunnel balance, a great deal of investigation is carried out in China. This paper summarizes a program to improve the measurement accuracy of wind tunnel balances. In the program, the investigation is carried out in three aspects (1) designing a drag component of the balance in low interactions (2) choosing high quality foil strain gauges with temperature self-compensation (3) choosing the excellent gauges and mounting them meticulously. As an example, these research achievements are applied in a φ18 six component balance. The measurement accuracy of a GB-04 standard model in a transonic wind tunnel with the φ18 six component balance comes up to the advanced world standard.展开更多
Coal samples in the air for three months were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effect of a PVA oxygen-insulating barrier on the spontaneous combustion of coal was examined. The moisture loss acti...Coal samples in the air for three months were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effect of a PVA oxygen-insulating barrier on the spontaneous combustion of coal was examined. The moisture loss activation energy, oxidation activation energy and combustion activation energy were calculated by an integral method using the Coats-Redfen formula. The results show that the tendency for spontaneous combustion of three coal samples (judged by the activation energy) falls in the order: CYW>YJL>SW. The oxidation activation energy and combustion activation energy of coal protected by the PVA oxygen-insulating barrier increased. A significant increase in the combustion activation energy was noted, especially for the CYW coal where the in-crease was 28.53 kJ/mol. Hence, oxidation of the protected coal samples was more difficult. The PVA oxygen-insulating barrier helps to prevent spontaneous combustion of the coal.展开更多
Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly（lactic acid） （PLA）. The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is clos...Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly（lactic acid） （PLA）. The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is close to experimental data obtained from the quartz crystal microbalance but much higher than those from the time-lag method. This discrepancy is explained by using the dual-mode sorption model. It is found that oxygen sorotion in PLA is predominantly Langmuir type controlled, i.e., through the process of filling holes. The time--lag method only takes into account oxygen molecules that participate the diffusion process whereas a large proportion of oxygen molecules trapped in the void have little chance to execute hopping due to the glassy nature of PLA at room temperature. The simulated diffusion coefficient of oxygen is reasonably close to the data obtained from the time-lag method. The solubility coefficient of oxygen decreases linearly with increasing relative humidity while its diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as a function of relative humidity.展开更多
The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change...The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change is really a sensitive integral variation value of many variations, or a combined function of coupling effects of various big systems. Therefore the above mentioned superposed action of different systems and the coupling effect of sun earth and biological aspects may be called as sun earth biological coupling effect system. Based on this hypothesis, the corresponding sun dynamic, air dynamic, water dynamic and earth dynamic conceptional models are established in order to research the multiple coupling effects and feedback machsnism between these big systems. In order to determine the relations, effectness and coherent relation of different variations, the quantity, analysis is conducted through collective variation and stage division. The quantity analysis indicates that the earths spindle rotation speed is the dynamic mechanism controlling the sea level change of fluctuation. The change rate of sea level in the world is ＋1.32 ＋ 0.22 mm/a, while the sea level change rate in China is only＋1.39 ＋ 0.26 mm/a in average. If take the CO2 content as the climate marker, eight cold stages （periods） are grouped out since two hundreds years AC. The extreme cold of the eighth cold stage started approximately at 1850 years AC. and if the stage from the extreme cold to extreme warm is determined as long as 200 years, the present ongoing warm stage will end at about 2050 years, there after the temperature will begin to tower. If the stage between cold and warm extremes lasts for 250 years, then the temperature will become lower at about 2100 year. Until to that time, the sea-level is estimated to raise ＋7 - ＋11 ＋ 3.5 cm again, and there after, the sea level will begin the new lowering trend. In the same time, the climate will enter into next new cold stage subsequently.展开更多
《敦煌琵琶谱》是1900年在敦煌莫高窟藏经洞发现的三种琵琶古谱。1909年法国伯希和(P.Pelliot)将其拿回法国,现藏于法国巴黎国家图书馆。林谦三最早把《敦煌谱》作琵琶谱来解读。他于1937年在平出久雄协助下开始对《敦煌琵琶谱》和《天...《敦煌琵琶谱》是1900年在敦煌莫高窟藏经洞发现的三种琵琶古谱。1909年法国伯希和(P.Pelliot)将其拿回法国,现藏于法国巴黎国家图书馆。林谦三最早把《敦煌谱》作琵琶谱来解读。他于1937年在平出久雄协助下开始对《敦煌琵琶谱》和《天平琵琶谱》进行研究,1938年写成论文《琵琶古谱的研究——〈天平〉、〈敦煌〉二谱试解》。其后,1955年林氏发表了《Study on Explication of Ancient Musical Score of P’i-p’a Discovered at Tun-huang,Chi-na》(《中国敦煌古代琵琶谱的解读研究》),1957年又增订成《敦煌琵琶谱的解读研究》一书,由潘怀素译成中文后,连同二十五首译谱由上海音乐出版社出版。1969年林氏又发表了最后的修订本《敦煌琵琶谱的解读》。笔者在学习了林谦三前后经历了三十多年的研究成果之后,拟对其研究《敦煌琵琶谱》的方法作进一步的探索,本文着重考察林谦三对于P.3808卷《敦煌琵琶谱》第一组十曲的定弦研究。展开更多
Using the data of conductivity-temperature-depth （CTD） intensive observations conducted during Oct-Nov. 2005, this study provides the first three-dimension quasi-synoptic description of the circulation in the wester...Using the data of conductivity-temperature-depth （CTD） intensive observations conducted during Oct-Nov. 2005, this study provides the first three-dimension quasi-synoptic description of the circulation in the western North Pacific. Several novel phenomena are revealed, especially in the deep ocean where earlier observations were very sparse. During the observations, the North Equatorial Current （NEC） splits at about 12°N near the sea surface. This bifurcation shifts northward with depth, reaching about 20°N at 1 000 m, and then remains nearly unchanged to as deep as 2 000 m. The Luzon Undercurrent （LUC）, emerging below the Kuroshio from about 21°N, intensifies southward, with its upper boundary surfacing around 12°N. From there, part of the LUC separates from the coast, while the rest continues southward to join the Mindanao Current （MC）. The MC extends to 2 000 m near the coast, and appears to be closely related to the subsurface cyclonic eddies which overlap low-salinity water from the North Pacific. The Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）, carrying waters from the South Pacific, shifts eastward upon approaching the Mindanao coast and eventually becomes part of the eastward undercurrent between 10°N and 12°N at 130°E. In the upper 2 000 dbar, the total westward transport across 130°E between 7.5°N and 18°N reaches 65.4 Sv （1 Sv = 10-6 m3s^-1）, the northward transport across 18°N from Luzon coast to 130°E is up to 35.0 Sv, and the southward transport across 7.5°N from Mindanao coast to 130°E is 27.9 Sv.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Foundation for scholar of Hefei Normal University （No.2014rcjj03）, the Foundations of Educational Committee of Anhui Province （No.KJ2014A205）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21101053, No.21101054, No.20934004, No.91127046, and No.20874094）, the One Hundred Talent Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Basic Research Program of China （No.2012CB821500 and No.2010CB934500）.
文摘Different functional polystyrenes were synthesized and the adsorptions of microcystin-LR onto those resins were monitored by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation. Both adsorption pH and surface properties had a considerable effect on the adsorption amount, while adsorption temperature was less significant. Ammonium polystyrene would be a better candidate for microcystin-LR adsorption at neutral pH conditions.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 2009CB421401 and 2006CB400503
文摘Inhomogeneities in the daily mean/maximum/ minimum temperature （Tm/Tmax/Tmin） series from 1960- 2008 at 549 National Standard Stations （NSSs） in China were analyzed by using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization （MASH） software package. Typical biases in the dataset were illustrated via the cases of Beijing （B J）, Wutaishan （WT）, Urumqi （UR） and Henan （HN） stations. The homogenized dataset shows a mean warming trend of 0.261/0.193/0.344℃/decade for the annual series of Tm/Tmax/Tmin, slightly smaller than that of the original dataset by 0.006/0.009/0.007℃/decade. However, considerable differences between the adjusted and original datasets were found at the local scale. The adjusted Tmin series shows a significant warming trend almost everywhere for all seasons, while there are a number of stations with an insignificant trend in the original dataset. The adjusted Tm data exhibit significant warming trends annually as well as for the autumn and winter seasons in northern China, and cooling trends only for the summer in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of central China and for the spring in southwestern China, while the original data show cooling trends at several stations for the annual and seasonal scales in the Qinghai, Shanxi, Hebei, and Xinjiang provinces. The adjusted Tmax data exhibit cooling trends for summers at a number of stations in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and for springs and winters at a few stations in southwestern China, while the original data show cooling trends at three/four stations for the annual/autumn periods in the Qinghai and Yunnan provinces. In general, the number of stations with a cooling trend was much smaller in the adjusted Tm and Tmax dataset than in the original dataset. The cooling trend for summers is mainly due to cooling in August. The results of homogenization using MASH appear to be robust; in particular, different groups of stations with consideration of elevation led to minor effects in the results.
文摘The measurement accuracy of a wind tunnel balance is the key factor to improve the measurement accuracy for a test model in the wind tunnel. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the wind tunnel balance, a great deal of investigation is carried out in China. This paper summarizes a program to improve the measurement accuracy of wind tunnel balances. In the program, the investigation is carried out in three aspects (1) designing a drag component of the balance in low interactions (2) choosing high quality foil strain gauges with temperature self-compensation (3) choosing the excellent gauges and mounting them meticulously. As an example, these research achievements are applied in a φ18 six component balance. The measurement accuracy of a GB-04 standard model in a transonic wind tunnel with the φ18 six component balance comes up to the advanced world standard.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No20807056)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No20060290506)the Foundation of China University of Mining & Technology (Nos0H060097 and 0H080254)
文摘Coal samples in the air for three months were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effect of a PVA oxygen-insulating barrier on the spontaneous combustion of coal was examined. The moisture loss activation energy, oxidation activation energy and combustion activation energy were calculated by an integral method using the Coats-Redfen formula. The results show that the tendency for spontaneous combustion of three coal samples (judged by the activation energy) falls in the order: CYW>YJL>SW. The oxidation activation energy and combustion activation energy of coal protected by the PVA oxygen-insulating barrier increased. A significant increase in the combustion activation energy was noted, especially for the CYW coal where the in-crease was 28.53 kJ/mol. Hence, oxidation of the protected coal samples was more difficult. The PVA oxygen-insulating barrier helps to prevent spontaneous combustion of the coal.
基金Supported by Program of New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-07-0313）, the National Natural Science Foun- dation of China （20706019, 20876052）, Guangdong Science Foundation （$2011010002078）.
文摘Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly（lactic acid） （PLA）. The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is close to experimental data obtained from the quartz crystal microbalance but much higher than those from the time-lag method. This discrepancy is explained by using the dual-mode sorption model. It is found that oxygen sorotion in PLA is predominantly Langmuir type controlled, i.e., through the process of filling holes. The time--lag method only takes into account oxygen molecules that participate the diffusion process whereas a large proportion of oxygen molecules trapped in the void have little chance to execute hopping due to the glassy nature of PLA at room temperature. The simulated diffusion coefficient of oxygen is reasonably close to the data obtained from the time-lag method. The solubility coefficient of oxygen decreases linearly with increasing relative humidity while its diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as a function of relative humidity.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(40940025)National Science Foundation of Tianjin(07ZCGYSF02400,09JCYBJC07400)+2 种基金Program of China"973"(2007CB411807)Open Fund of the Key Lab of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry,SOA(GCMAC0806)National Natural ScienceFoundation(41006002)
文摘The sea-level change is resulted from superposition of sun, moon and other planeries, and earth itself, biological process, atmosphere and oceanography, as well as artificial actions. As a result, the sea level change is really a sensitive integral variation value of many variations, or a combined function of coupling effects of various big systems. Therefore the above mentioned superposed action of different systems and the coupling effect of sun earth and biological aspects may be called as sun earth biological coupling effect system. Based on this hypothesis, the corresponding sun dynamic, air dynamic, water dynamic and earth dynamic conceptional models are established in order to research the multiple coupling effects and feedback machsnism between these big systems. In order to determine the relations, effectness and coherent relation of different variations, the quantity, analysis is conducted through collective variation and stage division. The quantity analysis indicates that the earths spindle rotation speed is the dynamic mechanism controlling the sea level change of fluctuation. The change rate of sea level in the world is ＋1.32 ＋ 0.22 mm/a, while the sea level change rate in China is only＋1.39 ＋ 0.26 mm/a in average. If take the CO2 content as the climate marker, eight cold stages （periods） are grouped out since two hundreds years AC. The extreme cold of the eighth cold stage started approximately at 1850 years AC. and if the stage from the extreme cold to extreme warm is determined as long as 200 years, the present ongoing warm stage will end at about 2050 years, there after the temperature will begin to tower. If the stage between cold and warm extremes lasts for 250 years, then the temperature will become lower at about 2100 year. Until to that time, the sea-level is estimated to raise ＋7 - ＋11 ＋ 3.5 cm again, and there after, the sea level will begin the new lowering trend. In the same time, the climate will enter into next new cold stage subsequently.
文摘《敦煌琵琶谱》是1900年在敦煌莫高窟藏经洞发现的三种琵琶古谱。1909年法国伯希和(P.Pelliot)将其拿回法国,现藏于法国巴黎国家图书馆。林谦三最早把《敦煌谱》作琵琶谱来解读。他于1937年在平出久雄协助下开始对《敦煌琵琶谱》和《天平琵琶谱》进行研究,1938年写成论文《琵琶古谱的研究——〈天平〉、〈敦煌〉二谱试解》。其后,1955年林氏发表了《Study on Explication of Ancient Musical Score of P’i-p’a Discovered at Tun-huang,Chi-na》(《中国敦煌古代琵琶谱的解读研究》),1957年又增订成《敦煌琵琶谱的解读研究》一书,由潘怀素译成中文后,连同二十五首译谱由上海音乐出版社出版。1969年林氏又发表了最后的修订本《敦煌琵琶谱的解读》。笔者在学习了林谦三前后经历了三十多年的研究成果之后,拟对其研究《敦煌琵琶谱》的方法作进一步的探索,本文着重考察林谦三对于P.3808卷《敦煌琵琶谱》第一组十曲的定弦研究。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos,40890153 and 40576016)
文摘Using the data of conductivity-temperature-depth （CTD） intensive observations conducted during Oct-Nov. 2005, this study provides the first three-dimension quasi-synoptic description of the circulation in the western North Pacific. Several novel phenomena are revealed, especially in the deep ocean where earlier observations were very sparse. During the observations, the North Equatorial Current （NEC） splits at about 12°N near the sea surface. This bifurcation shifts northward with depth, reaching about 20°N at 1 000 m, and then remains nearly unchanged to as deep as 2 000 m. The Luzon Undercurrent （LUC）, emerging below the Kuroshio from about 21°N, intensifies southward, with its upper boundary surfacing around 12°N. From there, part of the LUC separates from the coast, while the rest continues southward to join the Mindanao Current （MC）. The MC extends to 2 000 m near the coast, and appears to be closely related to the subsurface cyclonic eddies which overlap low-salinity water from the North Pacific. The Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）, carrying waters from the South Pacific, shifts eastward upon approaching the Mindanao coast and eventually becomes part of the eastward undercurrent between 10°N and 12°N at 130°E. In the upper 2 000 dbar, the total westward transport across 130°E between 7.5°N and 18°N reaches 65.4 Sv （1 Sv = 10-6 m3s^-1）, the northward transport across 18°N from Luzon coast to 130°E is up to 35.0 Sv, and the southward transport across 7.5°N from Mindanao coast to 130°E is 27.9 Sv.
