“苹果树上的土豆”——论毕淑敏的《女工》叙事模式

《女工》是毕淑敏的创作视角转向底层人物的开始,也是她的底层写作中的力作。作品展示了底层女工生活命运,体现出了作者对社会底层的人文关怀。同时,作品显现出了值得探讨的写作技巧、叙事方式和思维逻辑,我们在关注作品体现出的人道主义的同时也不能忽视这些文本元素,因为这些同样是作者创作思想的映射。

论毕淑敏小说《女工》的尊严观

在毕淑敏的小说、散文创作以及访谈中，“尊严”是个频率很高的话题，非一般作家可比。毕淑敏的读者也一定会承认，“尊严”概念已成为她的小说创作的重要内涵之一。这使我们无法不重视尊严概念在她的重要作品中被赋予的意义及得到的表现。

在善恶报应的叙事母题中揭示和描绘深度的人性——评26集电视连续剧《女工》

近年来，我们看到不少电视剧作品在艺术品质上有了很大的提高。其中的一个重要因素就是电视剧作家、艺术家在揭示和描绘真实的复杂人性上更具时代特征。

平凡的人生 不平凡的价值——26集电视剧《女工》研讨会纪实

近年来，“言情剧”、“神话剧”、“谍战剧”日益受到观众的青睐，而现实题材剧尤其是工业题材电视剧似乎在慢慢淡出观众的视野。然而就在此时，一部没有明星阵容、没有传奇色彩、没有大力炒作的反映普通女工平凡生活的电视剧，却引起了各电视台和广大观众的高度关注。3月28日，在由中国视协和山东影视剧制作中心联合举办的《女工》研讨会上，专家和主创人员一起进行了热烈地探讨。

电视连续剧《女工》在京开机

由山东电影电视剧制作中心、山东省辉煌世纪影视公司投资、以毕淑敏现实主义小说《女工》改编的电视连续剧《女工》，于2007年9月28日在北京正式开机拍摄。

《女工绘》:爱的艺术与记忆的表征

刘庆邦的长篇小说《女工绘》是一部关于女性矿工群体的记忆文本,其创作源于作者不能忘却的煤矿生活记忆和对女性矿工群体的爱。小说在对煤矿日常生活的再现中,表征出作者对煤矿工业生活的记忆和爱恋;在展现华春堂形象的过程中,再现了青春记忆中的爱情之美;同时在日常生活叙事中,揭示被遮蔽的创伤记忆,表现出对青春之美的惋惜和对命运的感叹。小说蕴含多重爱的记忆和深层的历史意识,在政治世界与日常生活世界之间的张力空间中,彰显生命与存在的真实。

“被看见”的煤矿女工——论刘庆邦小说《女工绘》中的华春堂形象

刘庆邦的煤矿题材小说擅长描写女性形象,《女工绘》是刘庆邦第四部煤矿题材的长篇小说,也是其至今唯一一部书写煤矿女工故事的长篇小说。作为后知青时代的年轻煤矿女工,小说中的华春堂是在一个失去父亲的家庭,自我奋斗、主动追求幸福人生的成长型人物。本文从女性主义角度出发,深入挖掘华春堂形象的丰富内涵,展现刘庆邦笔下对于煤矿女性命运的关切和同情,探讨当代女性在家庭场域和社会场域中,如何处理"他者"和自我之间的关系。

“革命女性”的内面及其叙事的难度与限度 ——评刘庆邦《女工绘》

刘庆邦的《女工绘》聚焦1960、70年代的“革命女性”,作品的叙事重点不在于重现历史女性的革命风采,而是重点表现革命女性的内面特征与情感景观。作家通过对交织在革命女性主体之上的个体/时代、女性/男性等多组关系的艺术处理,塑造了内涵丰富的革命女性群像,为当代文学革命女性叙事提供了新的艺术经验。

Survey of AIDS Related KAB Among Immigrant Female Factory Workers in Dongguan City

Objective: To understand the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) among immigrant female factory workers(IFFW). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among IFFWs sampled from several joint- venture and private factories in Dongguan city. Results: Out of 175 sampled workers, 165 qualified for inclusion and the median age was 22. The results showed that the IFFWs had low levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and held many misconceptions. Thirty three of 76 (43.4%) unmarried IFFWs had premarital sexual contact, and more than half of these contacts were one-night stands (54.5%) . More than one quarter of the women(25.9%) never used condoms, 49.4% sometimes used condoms and 24.7% used condoms every time. Twenty-eight women (31.8%) had an induced abortion because of an unexpected pregnancy. Fourteen (14.9%) had been infected with STDs, and four IFFWs(2.8%)had tried drugs before the interview. Conclusion: In order to empower the IFFWs in the city to protect themselves from HIV, and to contain the rapid spread of HIV in our province, targeted HIV/ AIDS health promotion programs should be urgently implemented among IFFWs in Dongguan city. The programs should be designed to improve the knowledge of HIV, to promote condom use, and to reduce risky behaviors.

An Evaluation of STD/AIDS Health Education among Female Sex Workers in Entertainment Establishments in Jingjiang City

Objective: To explore effective ways of conducting STD/AIDS health education among female commercial sex workers in entertainment establishments and to promote implementation of an 100% condom use programme. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out to collect qualitative information about demographic characteristics, STD/AIDS knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors of female sex workers. Female sex workers were selected by sampling and were given baseline survey and assessment after intervention. Based on the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed, and intervention measures were determined. These measures included face-to-face interviewing, counseling, and distribution of STD/AIDS information and condoms. Results: 196 and 182 female sex workers of the same population were interviewed separately before and after intervention. STDs/AIDS knowledge had significantly increased after one year's intervention (P <0.01). Knowledge increased in both the intervention group and the non-intervention group but the increase was more significant among sex workers who received the intervention. Risk behaviors remained at baseline levels in both groups. Conclusion: STD/AIDS health education among female sex workers in entertainment establishments was effective and may benefit society, but the strategies need to be adjusted to the female sex workers' lifestyles, particularly their high rates of mobility and high-risk behaviors.

食品添加剂在我国食品加工中的应用现状

食品添加剂在现代食品工业生产中占据着非常重要的地位,与人们的日常饮食安全和身体健康息息相关。综述了我国食品添加剂的定义、作用、种类、相关法律法规和加工特点等,提出了食品添加剂在食品加工应用中存在的问题及相应解决措施,对进一步丰富我国食品添加剂理论研究,推动食品加工业高质量发展具有重要的社会和经济意义。

Labour force participation of married women in China and Congo

The goal of this investigation was to find the major determinants of married women participation in the urban area labour force in Zhejiang (China) and Brazzaville (Congo). The methodology used in this study is correct and the resulting con- clusion is that the participation of married women basically depends on her personal and family characteristics. Age, education, presence of additional adult in the family are important factors in Brazzaville and Zhejiang. However, the number of children significantly affects only Brazzaville urban married women.

The Traditions of the Women＇s Art ＂Yalla＂ of Central Asia

Lively oldest forms of women art in Central Asia came up to the present day through the traditions of ＂ustoz-shogird＂ （teacher-pupil）. In particular, wall painting, sculptures, and evidence of women＇s work in Amir Temur, Ulugbek, and Zakhiriddin Muhammad government describe a variety of women＇s roles in art. The women＇s art of Yallachi was also developed in Bukhara, Khorezm, and Kokand khanates time as a unique way. As a result, the Uzbek Yalla genre was established in the art of music. The tradition of Yallachi art continues today. In this context this art is more effective in the light of forms of music

Education Fair： Discussion on Implementing the Continuing Education to Achieve ＂No Child Left Behind＂ Equitable Education

Confucius＇s ＂No Child Left Behind＂ education ideology which was put forward two thousand years ago reflected the importance of education for educators and the simple pursuit of educational equity at that time. Education Fair is the current composition content of China＇s basic education dream. Practicing ＂No Child Left Behind＂ education is the cornerstone to achieve China＇s fair education dream. Making implementing continuing education in order to achieve ＂No Child Left Behind＂ equitable education as a research issue, based on analyzing the status and problems of educational equity issues under the perspective of NCLB, the author explored the realistic way through multi-channel and diverse continuing education to achieve ＂No Child Left Behind ＂equitable education.

The Fallacy of Participation in Behaviour Change Programming： The Case of Gweru Women AIDS Prevention Association （GWAPA）, Zimbabwe

Gweru Women AIDS Prevention Association （GWAPA） is an organization that works with commercial sex-workers in the Midlands Province to try and stymie the tide of HIV/AIDS. The organization premises its activities upon the belief that sex workers are forced into prostitution by poverty and thus offers them alternative livelihood strategies such as piggery projects, chicken rearing, and vegetable vending projects as well as seed money with which to start flea market projects. The organization also runs a condom promotion project, a legal literacy project, and an advocacy project, all in a bid to empower the sex workers cognitively. The study was carried out between April and October 2008, using bar-based observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary evidence. The study found participation to have been more of a fallacy in as far as programming depended more on the whims of donor funders than the actual needs of programme beneficiaries. In the top-down manner that is typical of development communication, the organization would engage donors and secure funding for certain projects which they would then try to convince the sex workers to take up, with mixed results. The research also found limited evidence of real empowerment of beneficiaries in the long run, with the sex workers themselves insisting that the ＂piece-meal＂ efforts of the organization were not sustainable enough to induce them to abandon sex work altogether. The study did, however, find that the organization and its programming had actually managed to score notable success in promoting safer sex within the context of prostitution, albeit without eradicating sex work altogether.

Unwanted pregnancies, unwanted births, consequences and unmet needs

Worldwide women have to cope up with heavy burden of unwanted pregnancies, mistimed, unplanned, with risk to their health. Their children and families also suf-fer. Such pregnancies are root cause of induced abortions （safe/unsafe） and grave consequences. Women, their partners can, for most part, prevent unwanted pregnancies by using contraceptives. However many women either do not use any contraceptive or use methods, with high failure rates. These women account for 82% of pregnancies that are not desired. Remaining unintended pregnancies occur among women who use modern contraceptive, either because they had diffculty using method consistently or because of failure. Helping women, their partner use modern contracep-tives effectively is essential in achieving Millennium Development Goals for improving women’s health, reducing poverty. If all women in developing countries use modern contraceptives, there would be 22 million less unplanned births, 25 million fewer induced, 15 million fewer unsafe abortions, 90000 less maternal deaths and 390000 less children losing their mothers. Also making abortion services broadly legal, by understand-ing size, type of unmet needs, most important by creating awareness in communities can surely help tackle this problem to a large extent.

Micro Credit is a Tool for Women Entrepreneurship Development

As a result of 30 years of an internal armed conflict, women and children not only lost male relatives in struggle, but comprised of the displaced. Most of the households in Sri Lanka are now headed exclusively by women. The micro finance institutions help the poor people in effective ways in order to generate income to enhance their standard of living in the rural areas. This study focuses on women entrepreneurship development through micro credit programme under post war development in Jaffna District selecting four rural areas which are Kopay, Chavakachcheri, Varani and Kodikamam. The main objective of this study is to identify the linkage with micro credit programmes and entrepreneurship development. Further it has an objective to identify the impact of micro credit on entrepreneurship development. The information has been gathered by primary data which has been distributed through the close ended questionnaire to the rural women in the above selected areas and seventy seven （77） responded out of 100. The relation between the micro credit programmes and women entrepreneurship development is examined using Statistical Package for Social Sciences （SPSS）. It is concluded that the Entrepreneurship development has a significant relationship （p〈0.05） with the microcredit programme and its impact on entrepreneurship development is crucial. It is suggested that the microcredit facilities are essential in women entrepreneurship development under post war development.

Feminist Perspective on Economic Theory, Policies, and Institutions for Women Workers in the Informal Employment of Indonesian Post-economic Crisis

This paper aims to have a grounded picture regarding the impacts of the economic crises on women workers in the informal employment, identify the economic theory whose application is disadvantageous to the women home-based workers, support recognition of women homeworkers by the policy makers, and empower the workers through exercising their rights. Research methodology for women＇s studies from a feminist perspective is employed covering action-oriented research initiating from the grounded issues, a bottom-up approach, and a participatory method where the researchers act as facilitators. It is necessarily a longitudinal research work with a new paradigm to change the women＇s situation. This methodology is deemed effective to identify impacts of the crises as described in the paper. It can be found that the root cause of women workers＇ exploitation is the economic efficiency theory, while policy development should be specifically designed along with engendering policy makers. Exercising the rights to organize the unorganized women home-based workers is no way repeatable from standard practice of organizing formal workers. All these require action of committed and skilled feminists with adequate praxis resources.

Delay retirement impact study of female workers

In recent years,our country entered the stage of population aging, and this trend continues to increase. Young population declining dependency ratios and the elderly support ratio is growing.Many phenomena are heralds the retirement policy must introduce.At the same time, the adjustment of the legal retirement age for women, is also a concern hot spot and a topic of heated academia discussion in politics. As the extension of life expectancy, especially women to longer life expectancy and the education of the extension of women＇s status, ability to work has been greatly improved. Based on the change of various factors, delay retirement age for women in China＇s reform is imperative. This paper studies from the perspective of social justice, to the reform of the current situation of the development in our country and foreign experience to research the method of combining the draw delay retirement outstanding aspects of influence on female workers. From a personal health, family factors, career, personal value Suggestions such as, in order to Perfect delay enterprise female worker retirement age policy scheme and implement supporting measures.